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, a small Turkic tribe speaking a Turkic language but Orthodox Christian in religion. At the present time they are settled in the south of the Moldavian S.S.R. (Bessarabia) in the district of Komrat, Čadi̊r-Lunga, Kangaz, Tarakliya, Vulkanešti; in the south of the Ukrainian S.S.R. in the district of Zaporože and Odessa (Izmail) and in the district of Rostov in the Russian S.S.R. There are also small Gagauz settlements in Central Asia—in the districts of Kokpektï, Žarma, Čarskiy, Aksuat and Urdžc…

, A. Christensen ( Sassanides , 469 and index) has collected together the information relating to S̲h̲īrīn (Pehlavi S̲h̲īrēn “the sweet”; cf. Γλυκέρα, Glycera), a Christian favourite of the Sāsānid king of Īrān, K̲h̲usraw II Parvīz (Pehlavi Abharvēz “the victorious”, 590-628). According to Sebeos, she was a native of K̲h̲uzistān: K̲h̲usraw married her at the beginning of his reign and she maintained her influence over him although inferior in status to Maria the Byzantine whom he had marr…

is the historical name of a district, the greater part of which lies in northeastern Bulgaria and the remainder in southern Roumania. But as the term is a popular one, exact boundaries cannot be given. It is usually applied to the triangle, the apex of which is at the town of Rusčuk, and the two arms formed by the Danube and the Rusčuk-Varna railway, while the base is somewhat undefined and runs at a certain distance from the coast of the Black Sea. On the north-east, Deli-Orman is bounded by th…

, nom que porte dans l’histoire un district dont la plus grande partie s’étend dans le Nord-est de la Bulgarie et le reste en Roumanie méridionale. Mais comme c’est une appellation qui a été donnée par le peuple, il n’y a pas de frontières bien strictes. Elle s’applique d’ordinaire au triangle dont le sommet se trouve à la ville de Rusčuk (Russe), et dont les deux bras sont formés par le Danube et la ligne de chemin de fer Rusčuk-Varna, tandis que sa base est quelque peu imprécise et part de la …

[English edition] 1. في العربية الكلاسيكية 1.1 الدبلوماسية بلغت الدبلوماسية في الغرب منزلة العلم المستقلّ، ونقف على ما يدل ّ على ذلك في عدد من الكتيّبات القيّمة (مثل ط.2، 1931 لكتيّب هاري برسلو (Harry Bresslau) علم المستندات القديمة لألمانيا وإيطاليا Handbuch der Urkundenlehre für Deutschland und Italien). وأما الدراسات المعتمدة على الوثائق العربية فأقل بكثير، إذ أن المادة متشتّتة جدّا وليست مجمَّعة بالقدر الكافي للسماح ببحث مفصّل. لكن ما فتئ أن أثارت الوثائق العربية الفضول لوقت لا بأس به: فقد أضاف نشر عدد من هذه الوثائق ولا سيّما برديات تع…

i.— Classical arabic 1) Diplomatic has reached the status of a special science in the West, and the results of such research are accessible in good manuals (like Harry Bresslau’s Handbuch der Urkundenlehre für Deutschland und Italien , 2nd. ed. 1931). Much less work has been done on Arabic documents: the material is very scattered, and not yet sufficiently collated to permit detailed research. Yet Arabic documents have aroused interest for some considerable time: a number have been published, and the editing o…

I. — Arabe classique. 1. Tandis que la diplomatique a depuis longtemps acquis en Occident le statut de science indépendante dont les résultats sont consignés dans de bons manuels (p. ex. Harry Bresslau, Handbuch der Urkundenlehre für Deutschland und Italien, 2e éd. 1931), les documents arabes n’ont été soumis que parcimonieusement à une investigation scientifique; cela découle du fait que les matériaux sont trop dispersés et insuffisamment étudiés pour permettre des recherches détaillées. Pourtant, les documents arabes ont depuis long…