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Reformed Churches
(9,343 words)
[German Version]
I. History and Theology
1. Terminology. For programmatic theological reasons, the Reformed churches rejected the exonym
Calvinist churches. They referred to themselves as Reformed churches because they did not think of themselves as new churchdoms alongside the one holy church but as a part of that church, albeit as part of it renewed according to God’s Word in Holy Scripture. In speaking of themselves, therefore, they eschewed references to a theological founder or a particular place of origin. The 17th-century formula
ecclesia reformata semper reformanda means …
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Decalogue
(5,698 words)
[German Version] I. Old Testament – II. Judaism – III. New Testament – IV. Church History – V. Dogmatics and Ethics – VI. Practical Theology
I. Old Testament The designation Decalogue (“ten words”) for the series of ten commandments derives from the Greek translation of the Hebrew
ʾaśeret haddebārîm (δεκάλογος “ten words”). It is employed in late deuteronomic theory in Deut 10:4 for the Decalogue, in Deut 5:6–21 and by the post-dtr. redaction of the …
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Reformation
(10,680 words)
1. Historischer Überblick 1.1. Begriff und neuzeitliche DeutungR. (von lat.
reformatio, ›Wiederherstellung‹, ›Umgestaltung‹) ist seit der Mitte des 19. Jh.s spezieller Terminus für die eine Seite jener Vorgänge, durch die im 16. Jh. die westl. Christenheit in mehrere einander antagonistische Konfessionskirchen auseinandertrat; sein Antonym, welches die andere Seite bezeichnet, ist Gegen-R.Zuvor hatte der Begriff die allgemeine Bedeutung von Reform. So begegnet
reformatio bzw. die zugrundeliegende verbale Form
reformare in den kirchl. und polit. Reformbewegungen…
Source:
Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit Online
Date:
2020-11-18
Reformation
(12,033 words)
1. Historical survey
1.1. Terminology and early modern interpretationSince the mid-19th century,
Reformation (from Latin
reformatio, “restoration,” “transformation”) has been a specialized term for one side of the 16th-century events that tore Western Christendom apart into mutually antagonistic confessional churches; its antonym, denoting the other side, is
Counter-Reformation.Previously the term had carried the general meaning of “reform.” In the ecclesiastical and political reform movements of the late Middle Ages, we find both
reformatio and the verb
reform…
Date:
2021-03-15
Martyr
(6,592 words)
[German Version] I. History of Religion – II. The Early Church – III. Middle Ages, Reformation, Counter-reformation – IV. The Modern Period – V. Martyrs of the Orthodox Church – VI. Judaism – VII. Islam – VIII. Missiology
I. History of Religion The term
martyrium (Greek μαρτύριον/
martúrion) was coined in early Christianity, where it denotes a self-sacrificial death in religious conflict as a witness to faith Historical and systematic references are found in many contexts, in which comparable terms imply something slightly different. For example, the Islamic
šahīd, “witness…
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Peace
(3,762 words)
[German Version]
I. Religious Studies Peace (negatively: absence of fighting and war; positively: security, wellbeing, and harmony) is considered desirable in all traditional religions, although they also have their specific legitimations of war. In archaic religions, peace is primarily related to the community and understood as a present reality. However, from the beginning of the Christian era, religious developments produced stronger differentiations. Peace is no longer seen as a social phenomenon…
Source:
Religion Past and Present