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Menexenos
(99 words)
(Μενέξενος). [English version] [1] Sohn des Sokrates Einer von Sokrates' Söhnen, beim Tod des Vaters noch ein Kind (Plat. apol. 34d; Phaid. 116b; Diog. Laert. 2,26); Sokratiker. Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) Bibliography A.-H. Chroust, A Comment On Aristotle's On Noble Birth, in: WS 85 N.F. 6, 1972, 19-32 PA 9975 Traill, PAA 644865. [English version] [2] Schüler des Sokrates Schüler des mit ihm verwandten Sophisten Ktesippos und des Sokrates, bei dessen Tod er zugegen war (Plat. Lys. 206d; 211c; Plat. Phaid. 59b). Nach ihm hat Platon den Dialog ‘M.’ benannt; Sokratiker. Schmitz, Wi…
Source:
Der Neue Pauly
Phanosthenes
(94 words)
[English version] (Φανοσθένης) von Andros. Er wurde wahrscheinlich wegen seiner Verdienste um die Einfuhr von Schiffsbauhölzern zum
próxenos (
proxenía ) und
euergétēs der Athener ernannt, erhielt später das attische Bürgerrecht und wurde für 407/6 v.Chr. zum
stratēgós gewählt. Nach der Niederlage von Notion löste Ph. Konon [1] bei der Belagerung von Andros ab und fing zwei Schiffe aus Thurioi ab, die zur spartan. Flotte stoßen wollten (Plat. Ion 541d; Xen. hell. 1,5,18f.; IG I3 182). Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) Bibliography H.A. Reiter, Athen und die Poleis des Delisch-At…
Source:
Der Neue Pauly
Eikoste
(630 words)
[English version] (εἰκοστή). Abgabe bzw. Steuer in Höhe eines Zwanzigstels (5%). …
Source:
Der Neue Pauly
Kallimedon
(160 words)
[English version] (Καλλιμέδων). Athener, Sohn des Kallikrates, oligarchisch gesinnter Politiker. Wegen seiner promaked. Haltung mußte er vor 324 v.Chr. Athen verlassen. In Megara beteiligte er sich an verfassungsfeindlichen Umtrieben athen. Emigranten, weswegen Demosthenes [2] eine Eisangelia gegen ihn einbrachte (Deinarch. 1,94). Während des Lamischen Krieges hielt sich K. bei Antipatros [1] auf, in dessen Auftrag er dem Anschluß peloponnes. Staaten an den Hellenenbund entgegenzuwirken suchte (Pl…
Source:
Der Neue Pauly
Kleitophon
(68 words)
[English version] (Κλειτοφῶν). Athener, Schüler des Sokrates (Plat. rep. 1,328b; 340a-b). Nach ihm ist Platons Dialog
K. benannt. K. beantragte im J. 411 v.Chr., bei der geplanten Verfassungsänderung die kleisthenische Verfassung zu berücksichtigen. 404 trat er zusammen mit Theramenes und anderen für die
pátrios politeía ein ([Aristot.] Ath. pol. 29,3; 34,3). Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) Bibliography PA 8546 M. Chambers, Aristoteles. Staat der Athener, 1990, 277 Rhodes 375-377.
Source:
Der Neue Pauly
Euryptolemus
(129 words)
[German version] (Εὐρυπτόλεμος;
Euryptólemos). Cousin and close fri…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Estimation
(294 words)
[German version] In many ancient political communities, the right of full citizenship, the active or passive right to vote, the assignment to certain arms of service, and the act of splitting the cost of financial services by the state between the citizens, were all contingent upon economical ability and thereby indirectly dependent upon social status. These rights and duties were assigned on the basis of an estimation. Ancient political theory regarded the requirement of meeting certain qualifica…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Ergocles
(88 words)
[German version] (Ἐργοκλῆς;
Ergoklês). Athenian
strategos. In 404/3 BC, he joined the democrats in Phyle. In 390/89, he operated as a
strategos together with Thrasybulus in the Hellespont and on the coast of Asia Minor. After his return, he was indicted for embezzlement, bribery and abuse of authority and sentenced to death; his assets were confiscated (Lys. 28). Since the embezzled money was never found, there were suspicions that Philocrates, trierarch and treasurer under E., had taken possession of this money (Lys. 29). Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Eikoste
(690 words)
[German version] (εἰκοστή;
eikostḗ). Duty or tax at the rate of a twentieth (5%). 1. In Athens, the Peisistratidae presumably were the first to impose tax on agricultural yields in order to finance wars, magnificent buildin…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Lamachus
(165 words)
[German version] (Λάμαχος;
Lámachos). Athenian, carried out a successful expedition in
c. 436/5 BC against the tyrant of Sinope (Plut. Pericles 20,1). As
stratēgós in 424, L. lost ten warships in a storm off Heraclea (Thuc. 4,75,1f.; Diod. Sic. 12,72,4). In early 421, L. was one of the Athenian emissaries who swore to uphold the Peace of Nicias [1] and the Athenian-Spartan
symmachía (Thuc. 5,19,2; 24,1). In 416/5, Alcibiades [3], Nicias and L. were elected
…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Mnasilochus
(62 words)
[German version] (Μνασίλοχος;
Mnasílochos). Athenian, in 411 BC
árchōn during the oligarchic regime of the 400 (
tetrakósioi ). After two months in office dismissed by the 5000 (Aristot. Ath. Pol. 33,1; IG I3 373,2). Probably identical with the Mnesilochus mentioned by Xenophon (Hell. 2,3,2), one of the 30 tyrants of 404/3. Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) Bi…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Leotrophides
(57 words)
[German version] (Λεωτροφίδης;
Leōtrophídēs). Athenian
stratēgós, who together with Timarchus defeated the Megarans at Mount Cerata on the Attic-Megaran border in 409 BC (Diod. Sic. 13,65,1f.); probably identical with the
chorēgós L. mocked for his leanness in Aristophanes (Av. 1406), Theopomp. Com. fr. 25 and Hermippus fr. 36 PCG. Traill, PAA 607065. Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Agoratus
(121 words)
[German version] (Ἀγόρατος;
Agóratos). Metic in Piraeus, son of the slave Eumares. In 409 BC, A. was honoured because of his participation in the murder of the oligarch Phrynichus (GHI2 85; IG I3 102). In 404, he denounced before the council the opponents of the peace treaty with Sparta negotiated by Theramenes. They were sentenced and executed for treason. Later…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Pentekoste
(333 words)
[German version] (πεντηκοστή/
pentēkostḗ, the 'fiftieth') was a duty at the rate of two per cent. There is evidence of
pentekostaí in many Greek cities, such as Athens, Epidaurus, Troezen, Cyparissia, Ceos, Delos, Cimolos (SEG 44,710 Z.31), Erythrae, Cnidus, Halicarnassus, in the Hermias region and in the cities of Upper Egypt, as an import and export duty raised
ad valorem on all goods. Before ships were loaded or unloaded goods had to be declared to the πεντηκοστολόγοι (
pentēkostológoi). In Athens the tax on foreign trade amounted to one per cent until the Peloponnesia…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Chabrias
(366 words)
[German version] (Χαβρίας;
Chabrías). Important Athenian general and mercenary leader. Taking part in Thrasybulus' campaigns in Thrace during the Corinthian War, at the beginning of 389 BC he succeeded Iphicrates as general in the Peloponnese. In 388 he set off for Cyprus with Athenian forces to support King Evagoras against Persia. On the way there, victory against the Spartans on Aegina (Xen. Hell. 5,1,10-13). When the King's Peace (386) made it impossible for him to remain in Cyprus, C. entere…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Peloponnesian War
(1,544 words)
[German version] A. Definition The term PW is primarily used to describe the military confrontation between Athens and its allies on the one hand (Delian League) and Sparta and its confederates on the other (Peloponnesian League) between 431 and 404 BC. The term PW (
Peloponnēsiakòs pólemos) occurs first in Diodorus Siculus [18] (12,37,2; 13,107,5 etc.); it was already familiar to Cicero (Cic. Rep. 3,44:
magnum illud Peloponnesiacum bellum), but probably dates back to Ephorus or a…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
