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[German version] Pre-Roman Celtic road station on the Lacus Lemanus (modern Lake Geneva; Ptol. 2,12,5: Οὔικος/ Oúikos; It. Ant. 352,1; Tab. Peut. 3,2 f.; Geogr. Rav 4,26) on a route from the Summus Poeninus (modern Great Saint B…

[German version] Celtic tribe, neighbours along with the Tulingi and Latobici of the Helvetii (Caes. B Gall. 1,5,4). The R. migrated westwards from their homeland in 58 BC with the Helvetii. As Munatius [I 4] Plancus founded the colony of Augusta [4] Raurica (modern Augst (CH)) in the territory of the R. in 44 BC, it must be assumed that they lived between the Upper Rhine and the southern foothills of the Jura. The remark in Caes. B Gall. 1,1,4, according to which the Germani and Helvetii shared a…

[German version] A Celtic tribe in the Central Alps where, according to Caes. B Gall. 4,10,3, the source of the Rhine is located. Most consider thi…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Raeti, Raetia Pre-Roman station servicing the road connections from the Upper Rhine to the Alpine passes (Bernardino, Spluegen, Julier) that lead towards Italy, today known as Chur. The place was most likely a Roman vicus from the time of the Augustan Alpine campaign. Despite the important traffic location, the Romanization between Lake Constance and the Alps was weak [1. 67-72]. Archaeological finds: modest Roman finds in the ‘Welschdörfli’. In the 4th cent. AD building of the…

[German version] Raetian tribe in the Eisack valley in South Tyrol, subjugated by Augustus in the Alpine War (25-14 BC). The name is in the inscription on the Tropaeum Alpium from La Turbie. Walser, Gerold (Basle) …

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[German version] In the pre-Roman period a station on the road south of the Jura from Lake Geneva to the Upper Rhine with a bridge over the river Aare and good wharfs for trade, modern Solothurn. After the Roman occupation, S. was a …

[German version] Celtic oppidum on the site of Lausanne (Switzerland, canton of Vaud) on the northern bank of the lacus Lemanus . Nearby large Roman harbour facilities ( vicus) with forum, basilica, temple, sailors' schola, harbour quay and warehouses on the site of modern Vidy. The place name L. corresponds with Celtic names for bodies of water (cf. Sauconna = Saône). The vicus of L. was of commercial significance as a trading centre of the main roads Great St. Bernard - Geneva - Rhône and Aventicum - Augusta Raurica - Rhine. Of the Roman officials in the seaport of L., a curator civium Romano…

[German version] Tribe, neighbouring the Rauraci and the Latobrigi, induced by the Helvetii to take part in their campaign (Caes. B Gall. 1,5,4; 1,25,6: T. are the rearguard of the Helvetian army; 1,28,3: after the battle of Bibracte in 58 BC they were sent by Caesar back to their homeland; 1,29,2: number of marchers 36,000). The role of the T. in the battle of Bibracte implies an experienced mercenary corps (as indeed in [1. 788]). On the homeland of the T. and their ethnic origin (Celtic or Germanic) Caesar says nothing. …

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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Legio | Limes | Raeti, Raetia | Batavian Revolt Roman military camp and civilian settlement on a tongue of land at the confluence of the Rivers Aare and Reuss at modern Windisch (in Switzerland), where a Celtic settlement in the pre-Roman period is assumed. In connexion with the Alpine War (in 15 BC) under Tiberius [1] and Claudius [II 24] Drusus a small fort may already have been established there. It was not until AD 16/17, however, that the …

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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | | Coloniae | Gallia/Gaul | Celts | Batavian Revolt Roman decreed capital of the  Helvetii in the west of their tribal area, on an ancient highway between Lake Geneva and Aare, modern Avenches. From about 12 BC until into the 2nd cent. AD, the settlement was developed into a Roman town. In AD 69, A. only narrowly escaped plunder by the army of Vitellius (Tac. Hist. 1,69). Emperor Vespasian, whose family had connections with A. (Suet. Vesp. 1,3), …

[German version] Celtic tribe of people who settled in the area of modern Switzerland in the Roman Imperial period. Borders of the settlement area: to the north of Rhine, only between the mouth of the Aare and Stein am Rhein (so-called Tabular Jura between Basle and Brugg) is the region of the Raurici; to the west the Folded Jura between Basle and Geneva; to the south Lake Geneva without the area of the colonia Equestris (Nyon); in the east the border towards Raetia is on a line from the eastern bank of Lake Geneva to Pfyn-Frauenfeld. The H. were subdivided into triba…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Caesar | | Gallia/Gaul | Celts | Batavian Revolt Most northerly oppidum of the Celtic tribe of the  Allobroges in the hilly area between the embouchure of the Rhône, Arve and Lake Geneva, modern Geneva. The name, like Genoa, is Ligurian. Even in the pre-Roman period the place was significant from the point of view of traffic policy: harbour complex on the south side of the embouchure of the Rhône for navigation on the Rhône and Lake Geneva, wooden bridge …

[German version] The earliest traces of settlement on the Lindenhof moraine hill in Zurich are ascribed not to a Celtic population but rather to Roman occupation in Augustus [1 G]' Alpine war (in 15 BC). The Roman military post was expanded into a fort, around which a vicus developed. Information about the further growth of the settlement is given by inscriptions, the most important of which also reveals the name of the vicus: a burial inscription for the child of a Roman toll collector, praepositus stationis Turicensis (CIL XIII 5244). Walser, Gerold (Basle)…

[German version] In 58 BC the Helvetii persuaded three smaller Celtic neighbouring tribes to participate in their tribal emigration: Rauraci, Tulingi and L. (Caes. B Gall. 1,5,4); only with regard to the first do we know (cf. the future Colonia Augusta [4] Raurica) the o…

[German version] [1] Celtic place name from Spain to Britain Celtic place name from Spain to Britain, such as the station on the Turin - Mont Genèvre pass (Alpes Cottiae), located by [1] near Chiusa di San Michele on the Dora Riparia (cf. [2]). In the spring of 58 BC, Caesar passed through O., as a border point of Gallia Cisalpina, with five legions (Caes. B. Gall. 1,10). On the alleged battles with the Ceutrones [2] cf. [3. 57]. Walser, Gerold (Basle) Bibliography 1 TIR Mediolanum, 1966 2 L. Banti, s.v. O., in: RE 17, 1766 3 G. Walser, Bellum Helveticum, 1998. [German version] [2] City of the Vettones This item can be found on the following maps: (Ocelodurum). City of the Vettones on the Durius in Lusitania (Plin. HN. 4,118; Ptol. 2,5,7; Ocelo Duri, It. Ant. 434,6; 439,10; Geogr. Rav. Ocelodorum, 319,4; Oceloduri, Itinerario de Astorga 3,5 [1]), modern Zamora. Inst…

This item can be found on the following maps: Celts (Basle). [German version] I. Celtic The Roman B. was preceded by a Celtic settlement of  Helvetii and  Rauraci. First, a large, open settlement existed in the late 2nd cent. in the Rhine plain (Basel-Gasfabrik), to which also belonged a field of cremation graves. During the early 1st cent., the Münsterhügel housed an  oppidum fortified with murus gallicus, which perhaps was vacated when th…

This item can be found on the following maps: Rome | Rome [German version] [1] Main town of the Caturiges Main town of the Caturiges. On a rocky plinth towering above the Durance, the pre-Roman oppidum and the Roman town occupied the place of today's urban development (Embrun). Important station on the road from southern Gaul to northern Italy. …