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[German Version] The Greek word διατριβή/ diatribḗ has a range of meanings including “conversation,” “discourse,” “lecture,” and even “school.” The diatribe is distinguished by its dialogical character, including the use of imaginary opponents, hyphothetical objections, and false conclusions. It reflects the Socratic use of ἐλεγκτικὸς λόγος/ elenktikós lógos, “censure,” and προτρεπτικὸς λόγος/ protreptikós lógos, “persuasion.” Recent discussion of the diatribe focuses on three issues: 1. Is the diatr…

[German Version] modern Izmir, was located on a peninsula in western Anatolia where the Hermus river entered the Aegean sea. Aeolian Greeks settled there c. 1000 bce and soon joined the Ionian League (Strabo XIV 1.4). Mud brick defense walls and a temple of Athena indicate that Smyrna was then a city state. In 333 bce Smyrna, which had in the meantime been under Persian rule, was captured and was re-founded by Alexander the Great (Pausanias VII 5.1–3). It was subject to Pergamum in 288 bce, and in 133 bce was willed to Rome by Attalos III. Twice mentioned in the New Testament (Rev 1…

[German Version] I. Exegesis – II. Art History I. Exegesis 1. Historical issues a. Authorship …

[German Version] I. Religious Studies 1. The term. …

[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. New Testament – III. Church History – IV. North America – V. Systematic Theology – VI. Islam – VII. China I. Religious Studies Millenarianism (chiliasm) refers to the notion of a 1,000-year (Lat. millenarius, Gk χίλια/ chília) period ¶ immediately preceding the Last Judgment and the end of the world. This conception of world history (see also II) derives from Jewish apocalypticism (III) and became widespread over time, being interpreted in various ways depending on the age and cultural environs: as a still future age or one that has already started, as an age of salvation for the elect, as an age of defeat for evil powers, or as an age of expectation ofperfect redemption. The duration of “1,000 years” was interpreted both lite…

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