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Plebian gentes name, attested from the beginning of the 3rd cent. BC onwards (ThlL, Onom. 2, 760-762). [German version] [1] Procos. between 47 and 45 BC Otherwise unknown proconsul between 47 and 45 BC (contact of Cic. Fam. 13,49). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] C., M. People's tribune 198 BC People's tribune in 198 BC, objected to the election of T.  Quinctius Flamininus as consul (Liv. 32,7,8). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] C., Q. Catalinarian, betrayed the conspiracy in 63 BC In 70 BC, as a former quaestor (?), he was expelled from the…

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘Fly’) in the family of the Sempronii. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina 24; 85; 333.

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Diminutive of asinus, nickname in the families of the Annians and Claudians, also common in the Imperial period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 87, 325. [German version] [2] see Donkey see  Donkey

[German version] Cognomen (= ala, the armpit), creation legend in Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 12,4,4-5 [1]. Famous as surname of the Servilii in the 5th cent. BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Mommsen, Röm. Forsch. 2, 1879, 209 ff. F. Münzer, s. v. Servilius, RE 2A, 1768.

[German version] Calvinus [1] see  Domitius [German version] Calvinus [2] Roman cognomen, in the Republican period particularly common in the  Domitii family, but also in the Sextii and Veturii (ThlL, Onom. 108). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 235.

[German version] Roman cognomen ('Victor over“Privernum”'), byname of L. Aemilius [I 24] Mamercinus P. (perhaps invented later). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 182.

[German version] Roman cognomen, probable origin as a nickname, ‘nut’ (Fest. 176 L.; cf. Cic. De or. 2,253), Numisius [I 2]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 89; 337.

[German version] [1] C., Roman envoy (171 BC) C., envoy to King Masinissa and the Carthaginians 171 BC; his offspring was possibly the mint master C. Aburius Geminus 134 (MRR 1, 418; RRC 276). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Tribunus plebis (187 BC) M., attempted as tribunus plebis in 187 BC to prevent the triumph of M. Fulvius Nobilior (Liv. 39,4-6); Praetor inter peregrinos 176 (Liv. 41,14; 15). His offspring was possibly the mint master M. Aburius Geminus 132 (MRR 2,369; 400; RRC 280). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Latin proper name (Schulze 459). [German version] H., C. Around 75 BC a respected and rich citizen of the Sicilian city of Messana. Of his possessions  Verres stole four famous Greek statues and valuable carpets (Cic. Verr. 2,4,3-19; 27). In spite of this, in 70, on behalf of his community, he appeared in Rome for Verres as a witness for the defence but incriminated him in the cross-examination by Cicero (Verr. 2,2,13; 4,15-19; 150; 5,47). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘Throat’, pejorative ‘Spendthrift’, Macrob. Sat. 3,13,7; cf. gurgulio), in the Republican period in the family of the Fabii. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina 269 Walde/Hofmann 1, 627f.

[German version] One of the twelve praetors of the insurgent Italians during the Social War [3]. L. fell in 90 BC, in the battle against Ser. Sulpicius Galba (App. B Civ. 1,181; 204-206; ILLRP 1089). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Abbreviation of the uncommon Lat. Praenomen Gnaeus (Old Lat. Gnaivos, Oscan Gnaivs, Etruscan cneve), from (g)naevus, ‘birthmark’, also abbreviated as Gn. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Walde/Hofmann, 1, 613 Salomies, 29f.

[German version] Roman cognomen (perhaps of Etruscan origin) in the Claudian family [1. 149]; probably linked to cento ‘suit of rags’ [2. 200]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze 2 Walde/Hofmann I3.

Name of a plebeian lineage, attestable from the 5th cent. BC (ThlL, Onom. 18f.). [German version] [1] C., L. People's tribune in 475 BC People's tribune in 475 BC (MRR 1, 28). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] C., M. Roman, allegedly heard a divine voice near the Vesta temple in 391 BC allegedly heard a divine voice near the Vesta temple in 391 BC, warning him of the impending attack by the Gauls. In the same place, the sanctuary of  Aius Locutius was later erected. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] C., Q. Centurion against the Etruscans According to a later a…

[German version] Roman cognomen probably of Etruscan origin, Iuventius [I 5-8]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Schulze, 94.

[German version] Roman historian, probably of the 1st cent. AD, often cited as a source in Pliny's HN (HRR 12 317). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Schanz/Hosius 2, 649.

[German version] Roman cognomen (probably for descent from Cales) in the gens  Fufia in the 1st cent. BC; frequent epigraphical attestations in the imperial age (ThlL, Onom. 79). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Tr. pl. in 133 BC, in a fight was the first to hit Ti. Sempronius [I 16] Gracchus with a chair leg (Plut. Ti. Gracchus 19,10). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Name of a plebeian (probably immigrant) family, attested in the 3rd-2nd cents. BC, but later disappeared (ThlL, Onom. 219f.; Schulze, 139, A.8; 403; 454). The quaestor and witness in the trial of Camillus in 391 BC, Sp. C. (MRR 1,93), may have been a later fabrication; there was also a chieftain of Britain by the name of C. (Caes. B Gall. 5,22,1). [German version] [1] C., L. Tribunus plebis 212 BC People's tribune in 212 BC, alongside Sp. C., perhaps his brother. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] C., Sp. Leader of a scribal school Freedman of Sp. C. Maximus Ruga, around 2…

[German version] (also Caeso). Uncommon Latin praenomen, perhaps of Etruscan origin, abbreviated K.; according to ancient etymology it indicates a child born by Caesarean section (Liber de praenominibus 6; Fest. 50L; Plin. HN 7,47). Because K. appears among patrician families only in the Fabii and Quinctii, who were the first to hold the priesthood of the luperci, according to Mommsen it may denote the ritual ‘striking’ ( caedere) at the festival of the Lupercalia and originally have been the name of a lupercus ( Lupercal). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Salomies, 26f.

[German version] Roman cognomen, became hereditary in the family of the Cornelii Dolabellae ( Cornelius [I 23-29]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] The term child emperors (after Lat. principes pueri, SHA Tac. 6,5; Sid. Apoll. Carm. 7, 533) has been applied, since Hartke [1], to the members of the Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty (genealogical tree see  Theodosius) who ascended the throne as one- to eight-year-old boys: the sons of Valentinianus I, Gratianus [2] (born in AD 359; Augustus in 367), and Valentinianus II (born in 371; Augustus in 375); the sons of Theodosius I, Arcadius (born in 377; Augustus in 383) and Honorius (born in…

[German version] Cognomen of Cassius  [I 19] Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 163.

[German version] Roman surname and cognomen [1. 61; 2. 13]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Kajanto, Cognomina 2 Walde/Hofmann 2.

[German version] Victor's epithet of Q. Caecilius [I 27] Metellus M. ( cos. 143 BC). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Woman's praenomen (Varro Ling. 9,60), more commonly a cognomen. The best-known bearers are Clodia [3] T., Iunia [2] T. and Mucia T. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Kajanto, Cognomina, 292 2 H. Solin, Die stadtröm. Sklavennamen 1, 1996, 153 f.

[German version] Name (also in manuscripts Iulus) of the son of Aeneas ( Iulus); epithet in the family of the Iulii [I 13-16]; first name of I. Antonius [II 1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] ( Saborra). Military commander of Juba [1] of Numidia, in 49 BC he helped to bring about the defeat of Caesar's governor C. Scribonius Curio, but was himself defeated and killed in 46 by the Caesarean P. Sittius (Caes. B Civ. 2,38-42; Bell. Afr. 48,1; 93,3; 95,1; App. B Civ. 2,181-186; 4,232; Frontin. Str. 2,5,40). For reasons of metre, Lucan (4,722) wrote Sabbura. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Plebeian family name, historically first attested in the 1st cent. BC (ThlL, Onom. 460). According to later invention, a C. Laevius gave his name to the Cispius mons in the time of King Tullus Hostilius (Varro in Fest. p. 476). [German version] C., M. as people's tribune, called for Cicero's reappointment in 57 BC (Cic. Red. Sen. 21; Sest. 76). In 56 (?) he was accused of ambitus, defended by Cicero without success (Cic. Planc. 75f.) and went into exile. Perhaps he was a praetor under Caesar (ILLRP 383; MRR 2, 463). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman Cognomen ('Triplet'), see Curiatius. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 295.

[German version] Roman cognomen ('gnarled stick, staff') in the Cornelii family (Cornelii [I 65-85] Scipiones); a representation of a staff was also used as the family emblem. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 19 f.; 91; 345.

[German version] Roman cognomen ('grey-eyed'), byname of L. Cassius [I 17] Longinus R. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 228.

Roman proper name (also Billienus; Schulze 429; ThlL 2,1816; 1989). [German version] [1] see Annius [I 10]  Annius I 10 B. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Billienus, C. Praetor around 107 BC praetor around AD 107 (MRR 1,551), then legate and praetor pro consule (of Asia?, IDélos 1710; 1854; cf. MRR 3,34f.). According to Cic. Brut. 175, he did not receive the office of consul towards the end of the 2nd cent. because of C.  Marius' superior position. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] B., L. Praetor 105 BC in Africa praetor in 105 BC in Africa (Sall. Lug.…

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘armpit’) used by the Sempronii, older form of  Ahala (Cic. Orat. 153). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Victory epithet (‘Victor of the Isauri’) of P.  Servilius Vatia (consul in 79 BC), bequeathed to his son P. Servilius I. (consul in 41). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Roman gens name (in manuscripts commonly confused with Manlius and Manilius). [German version] [1] M. Maximus, Cn. Homo novus, consul in 105 BC Homo novus (Cic. Planc. 12), praetor at the latest in 108 BC, consul in 105 together with P. Rutilius Rufus. The war against the Cimbrians ( Cimbri) in the Rhone area was assigned to him. Because his predecessor, proconsul Q. Servilius Caepio, did not want to obey his supreme command and provoked the Cimbrians to attack, their two armies were severely beaten at Arausio; M. last…

[German version] Daughter of an (Atilius) Serranus, first wife of M.  Porcius Cato (Uticensis), who separated from her in the early 60s BC (Plut. Cat. Min. 7,3; 24,6; family tree in [1. 333]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Münzer.

[German version] Cognomen (from arvina, ‘bacon’) in the families of the Cornelians and Papirians. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 91, 340.

[German version] According to Plutarch (Numa 10,1), one of the first Roman Vestals installed by king Numa. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen ('red haired') found in several noble families (Cornelii, Marcii, Nautii, Sempronii, Verginii) in the Republican Period. It became very common in the Imperial Period in the fuller form Rutilianus. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 230.

[German version] Roman cognomen (from avis) used by the Acilii and the Calpurnii amongst other families (ThLL 2,1431). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman Cognomen (‘Mouse’) in the family of the Decii (Decius [I 1-3]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 328.

[German version] [1] Th., Sp. People's tribune in the period after the death of C. Sempronius [I 11] Gracchus in 121 BC and author of an agrarian law (Agrarian laws) which brought to an end the work of the Gracchian commission for distributing the ager publicus . The identification and dating of the author and the precise content of the law are unclear: according to Cicero (Brut. 136, cf. De or. 2,284), T. freed the a ger publicus "from leasehold by means of a damaging and worthless law" or "with a lease by means of a damaging and worthless law". According to Appian (B C…

Name of a Roman patrician clan (also Cloulius, RRC 260, 332 and Cluilius) that was reputed to have moved to Rome (Liv. 1,30,2) after the destruction, by King Tullus Hostilius, of Alba Longa, of which a C.C. had sovereignty (Liv. 1,22,3f.). According to later tradition, the clan was descended from a companion of Aeneas (Fest. p. 48) and was accorded particular respect in the earliest Republic. The connection between this family and the bearers of this name in the later Republic is unclear. [German version] [1] Commander of the Volscians in 443 BC Commander of the Volscians in 443 BC, def…

[German version] Roman cognomen in the family of the Postumii (Postumius [I 13-15]); tradition has it that it was granted to the first Postumius to bear it for his victory in the battle at Lacus Regillus in 496 BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 183.

[German version] Italian family name, in inscriptions also Taddius. There is literary evidence in the Republican period only of P. T., a businessman and the legate of C. Verres in Sicily 73-71 BC (Cic. Verr. 2,2,49; 2,5,63) - perhaps identical with the acquaintance of T. Pomponius [I 5] Atticus (Cic. Att. 1,5,6; 1,8,1) - and Q. T., his relative (brother?), who also had business with Verres (Cic. Verr. 2,1,128; 2,1,130; 2,4,31). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘victor over Fidenae’), transmitted for the Sergii and Servilii of the early Republican era (5th/4th cents. BC); the dictator Q.  Servilius Priscus allegedly captured the town of Fidenae in Latium in 435 and subsequently was given the epithet (Liv. 4,45,5). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina 181 F. Münzer, s.v. Servilius, RE II A 2, 1789f.; 1803f. W. Reichmuth, Die lat. Gentilicia, 1956, 55.

[German version] Roman cognomen ('wide-footed'), hereditary in the family of the Munatii (Munatius [I 2-5], [II 6]); fem. form Plancina (Munatia Plancina). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 241.

[German version] Leader of the Lucanians in the Social Wars [3] 90 BC, and one of the twelve praetors of the league (App. B Civ. 1,181). Under the command of Pontius Telesinus, L. fought successfully against P. Licinius [I 15] Crassus (App. B Civ. 1,184; cf. Frontin. Str. 2,4,16). L. continued the fight until 87 in Bruttium, and then allied himself with the Marians. In 82, he and others vainly attempted to free C. Marius (cos. 82), who had been surrounded in Praeneste by L. Cornelius [I 90] Sull…

[German version] Name of one of the leading families of Praeneste until 82 BC, only attested in inscriptions (CIL I2 188-191 et passim). The famous Ficoronian Cista was given by a Dindia Magcolnia (= ‘ ‘wife of M. ’) to her daughter (ILS 8562). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)