b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Muṣʿab b. T̲h̲ābit b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām al-zubayrī , Abū ʿAbd Allāh, genealogist who owes his fame to two works, the Kitāb al-Nasab al-kabīr , considered to be lost, and the Kitāb Nasab Ḳurays̲h̲ , edited by E. Lévi-Provençal, Cairo 1953. This Ḳurays̲h̲ite was born in Medina, probably in 156/773, a descendant of the Companion al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām [ q.v.]. He followed the teaching of various masters, including Mālik b. Anas [ q.v.], before settling at Bag̲h̲dād where he died, at the age of 80, on 2 S̲h̲awwāl 236/8 April 851 (the Fihrist …

, Abū ʿAbd Allāh or Abū ʿĪsā, son of the famous Companion of the Prophet al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām [ q.v.] and brother of the anti-caliph ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr [ q.v.]. Handsome, chivalrous, generous to the utmost ¶ degree of prodigality, he resembled his older brother and the Zubayrid family only in his courage and outbursts of severity in repression. He began his military career at the outset of the caliphate of Marwān b. al-Ḥakam, with an ill-conceived expedition in Palestine. His name has gone down in history chiefly owing to his campaign, in his capa…

[see ʿabd allāh b. al-zubayr ; muṣʿab b. al-zubayr ].

b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Muṣʿab , Abū ʿAbd Allāh, author of ak̲h̲bār works which combine belles-lettres and history and belong to the oldest preserved books in this field. He was born in 172/788-9 at Medina. As a descendant of al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām [ q.v.] he was ¶ a prominent member of the illustrious Zubayrī family. When he died at Mecca in D̲h̲u ’l-Ḳaʿda 256/October 870, he had been ḳāḍī of the Holy City for the previous one and a half decades. His grandfather was a close associate of the caliph al-Mahdī and was appointed governor of Medina by …

b. K̲h̲uwaylid , Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḳuras̲h̲ī al-Asadī, one of the most eminent Companions of Muḥammad, known by the surname Ḥawārī (a Geʿez loanword) Rasūl Allāh (“the Disciple or Apostle of the Messenger of God”). He is one of the ten Companions to whom Paradise was promised by the Prophet ( al-ʿas̲h̲ara al-mubas̲h̲s̲h̲ara [ q.v.] or al-mubas̲h̲s̲h̲arūn al-d̲j̲anna ) and a member of the s̲h̲ūrā [ q.v.] appointed by the dying caliph ʿUmar b. al-K̲h̲aṭṭāb to elect his successor. The name al-Zubayr is derived from al-zabr, ṭayy al-bīʾr bi ’l-ḥid̲j̲āra , casing of …

, anti-Caliph, son of al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām [ q.v.], of the ʿAbd al-ʿUzza clan of Ḳurays̲h̲, and Asmāʾ [ q.v.], daughter of Abū Bakr and sister of ʿĀʾis̲h̲a. He was born at Medina twenty months after the hid̲j̲ra (c. Ḏh̲u ’l-Ḳaʿda 2/May 624), and killed in battle against the Syrian troops under al-Ḥad̲j̲d̲j̲ād̲j̲, 17 Ḏj̲umādā I or II, 73/4 Oct. or 3 Nov., 692. Some sources (Ibn Ḳutayba, Maʿārif , 116; Ibn Ḥabīb, Muḥabbar , 275; etc.) state that he was the first child born to the Muhād̲j̲irīn at Medina. The close kinship which linked him to the f…

, ʿUbayd Allāh (not ʿAbd Allāh, which was the name of his brother) b. Ḳays b. S̲h̲urayk̲h̲ . Arab poet of the Umayyad period. He belonged to the Banū ʿĀmir b. Luʾayy, one of the lesser clans of the Ḳurays̲h̲. He was born at Mecca, perhaps in the twenties (the anecdote Ag̲h̲ānī 3, v, 158, 20 which points to 12/633 is not authentic) and grew up in the Ḥid̲j̲āz. In 37/657 after the battle of Ṣiffīn he moved with some of his kinsmen to al-Raḳḳa in the D̲j̲azīra (Mesopotamia); amongst them was ʿAbd al-Wāḥid b. Abī Saʿd, whose daughter Ruḳayya is the l…

, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. al-As̲h̲ʿat̲h̲ , descendant of a noble Kindī family of the Ḥaḍramawt, who became famous because of his insurrection against al-Ḥad̲j̲d̲j̲ād̲j̲ [ q.v.] in 80-2/699-701 or 80-3/699-702. He was the grandson of the famous al-As̲h̲ʿat̲h̲ [ q.v.] (see, further to the references given there, L. Caetani, Annali , 40 A.H. 501-5 for further information, an assessment of him and a very full bibliography; H. Lammens, Moʿawia I er , 131, 150-2), and the son of Muḥammad [ q.v.], who was less famous than his father al-As̲h̲ʿat̲h̲ but nevertheless played an im…

, “ʿAzza with the graceful walk”, celebrated singer and lu te player of Medina, mawlāt of the Anṣār, died probably before the end of the 1st/7th century, after a long career. A pupil of Sāʾib Ḵh̲ātir and Nas̲h̲īṭ, singers of Persian origin, then of Rāʾiḳa and D̲j̲amīla [ q.v.], she in her turn numbered among her pupils such famous singers as Ibn Muḥriz and Ibn Surayd̲j̲ [ q.v.], but, unlike D̲j̲amīla. she did not form an actual school. She ¶ differed from the latter, too as regards her practice of giving recitals in aristocratie households, but she also used to receive in …

, one of the most famous of Arab women. Daughter of a Companion of the Prophet, Ṭalḥa b. ʿUbayd Allāh al-Taymī [ q.v.], who had already won great renown, grand-daughter of Abū Bakr through her mother Umm Kult̲h̲ūm, and niece of ʿĀʾis̲h̲a, the Prophet’s favourite wife, she combined nobility of birth with an imperious spirit and a rare beauty, which she was anxious should not go unnoticed. By nature a coquette, she courted the praises of the g̲h̲azal poets (ʿUmar b. Abī Rabīʿa, i, 80; Kut̲h̲ayyir ʿAzza, Ibn Kutayba, S̲h̲iʿr , 322; ʿUrwa b. al-Zubayr, Ag̲h̲ānī , x, 60), …

al-Salūlī , Arab poet of the 1st/7th century (he is said to have died after 96/715), who played a political role under the Umayyads. He was attached from 60/680 to Yazīd b. Muʿāwiya, condoled with him upon the death of his father and congratulated him at his accession. He persuaded Yazīd to proclaim his son Muʿāwiya as heir presumptive and later he was the first to greet al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik with the name of caliph (86/705). During the reign of ʿAbd al-Malik (65-86/685-…

, son of the famous Mālik b. al-Ḥārit̲h̲ al-Nak̲h̲aʿī [see al-as̲h̲tar ] and himself a soldier attached to the ʿAlid party. It is said that he had already fought at Ṣiffīn [ q.v.] in the ranks of ʿAlī, but his historical importance is based on his action in support of al-Muk̲h̲tār b. Abī ʿUbayd [ q.v.]. In fact he seems to have hesitated before joining the agitator, and the chroniclers themselves consider that it was necessary for the latter to forge a letter which purported to be written by Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafiyya to Ibrāhīm before the latter agr…

, the name of two poets who were confused by Ibn Ḳutayba ( S̲h̲iʿr , S̲h̲ākir ed. 592-95) and the authors who copied or utilized him: Ibn ʿAbd Rabbih, ʿIḳd , 1346/1928 ed., 202-3; Ag̲h̲ānī , viii, 155—Beirut ed., ix, 252-3; C. A. Nallino, Litt ., (with a note of correction by M. Nallino). 1.—Dukayn b. Rad̲j̲āʾ al-Fuḳaymī (d. 105/723-24); a panegyric in rad̲j̲az composed by him on Muṣʿab b. al-Zubayr; and an urd̲j̲ūza upon his horse who won a race organized by al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik (see Yāḳūt, xi, 113-17; Ibn ʿAsākir, v, 274-9), have been preserved. 2.—Dukayn b. Saʿīd al-Dārimī (d. 109/72…

, Umayyad governor and general. Governor of Mecca when Yazīd b. Muʿāwiya came to the throne (60/680), he was the same year appointed governor of Medina. On Yazīd’s orders, he sent an army to Mecca to subdue the anti-Caliph ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr, and entrusted the command to a brother of the latter, ʿAmr; but ʿAmr was taken prisoner and, with his brother’s consent, flogged to death by his personal enemies. At the end of the following year, al-As̲h̲daḳ was dismissed. Later he went with the Calip…

, Abū Muḥammad, a poet of Medina considerably less known than his brother Ismāʿīl b. Yasār [ q.v.], with the result that Yāḳūt, who devotes an article to him, calls him Mūsā b. Bas̲h̲s̲h̲ār; he gives him the nisba of al-Ḳuras̲h̲ī, as the person in question was in fact a mawlā of Ḳurays̲h̲, variously associated with the Banū Taym b. Murra, with the Banū Sahm or even with Sulaymān b. Abī K̲h̲ayt̲h̲ama al-ʿAdawī (of the ʿAdī b. Kaʿb b. Luʾayy). Since the reason for his cognomen has been forgotten, numerous explanations have b…

, Banū , a clan of Ḳurays̲h̲ [ q.v.] which achieved a prominent position in pre-Islamic Mecca. Although in the course of the 7th century A.D. the clans of ʿAbd S̲h̲ams and Hās̲h̲im [ q.v.] went on to achieve greater prominence, a role of some importance was played in early Islamic history by Mak̲h̲zūmīs. They were for the most part descendants of al-Mug̲h̲īra b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. Mak̲h̲zūm, in whom the bayt of Mak̲h̲zūm reposed (al-Muṣʿab al-Zubayrī, Nasab Ḳurays̲h̲ , ed. Lévi-Provençal, 300; al-Balād̲h̲urī, Ansāb al-as̲h̲rāf , Süleymaniye ms. ii, 523; Ibn Haẓm, D̲j̲amhara …

b. Ḳays al-Kindī , Arab chieftain, was a leader of the Banū Kinda in Kūfa following the death of his father [see al-as̲h̲ʿat̲h̲ b. ḳays ] in about 41/661. Little is known about his birth and early years, but his mother was Umm Farwa, a sister of the first caliph Abū Bakr. He was known by the kunya Abū Mayt̲h̲āʾ as well as Abu ’l-Ḳāsim. In 51/671, at the time of the revolt of Ḥud̲j̲r b. ʿAdī al-Kindī [ q.v.], the governor of ʿIrāḳ, Ziyād b. Abīhi [ q.v.], is said to have threatened retribution from Muḥammad b. al-As̲h̲ʿat̲h̲ unless Ḥud̲j̲r surrendered. His role in securing the submi…

, al-walīd b. ḥunayfa (b. Nahīk in Ṭabarī, ii, 393) al-tamīmī , a minor poet of the 1st/7th century. He was a Bedouin who settled at Baṣra and was a panegyrist, at the time of Ziyād b. Abīhi (45-53/665-72) or shordy after, of ʿAbd Allāh b. K̲h̲ālid b. Asīd, governor of Fārs. His family urged him strongly to join the circle of Yazīd b. Muʿāwiya, before the latter’s assumption of the caliphate (60/680); he finally decided to try his luck, but was not received by the prince, and he retur…

b. al-ḥakam , Abū Marwān, an Umayyad prince, son of the Caliph, Marwān [ q.v.] and of Ḳuṭayya bint Bis̲h̲r (of the Banū D̲j̲aʿfar b. Kilāb, thus a Ḳaysite). He took part in the battle of Mard̲j̲ Rāhiṭ (65/684) and there killed a Kilāb chief. After his father’s accession to the Caliphate he followed him at the time of his expedition to Egypt, for the sources tell us that when in 65/684 Marwān had regained this province for the Umayyads, taking it from Ibn al-Zubayr [ q.v.] who had seized it in S̲h̲aʿbān 64/March-April 684, and had put his son, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz [ q.v.] in charge of the Prayer and the …

, abu ’l-s̲h̲aʿt̲h̲āʾ ʿabd allāh b. ruʾba , Arab poet of the Tamīm tribe, who resided mainly in al-Baṣra; it is probable that he was born during the caliphate of ʿUt̲h̲mān (23-35/644-56), and he died in 97/115. Little is known about his life, except that he had to joust with his Kūfan rival Abu ’l-Nad̲j̲m al-ʿId̲j̲lī [ q.v.]. The main characteristic of al-ʿAd̲j̲d̲j̲ād̲j̲’s poetry—like that of his son Ruʾba [ q.v.]—is the constant and exclusive use of the rad̲j̲az metre in poetical compositions marked by a very rich vocabulary and a laborious construc…