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I. Pompey’s career During the years portrayed on this map, Cn. Pompeius Magnus had a level of personal power unprecedented in Roman history, the like of which would not be seen again until Augustus. The foundation of this power was his family’s vast clientele, which his father Pompeius Strabo, among others, had accumulated during the Social War of 91-89. Pompeius Strabo served the consul Rutilius Lupus as legate in 90 BC at Picenum, where his family had estates. As consul in 89, he then led his troops against the Italic tribes, conquering Asculum and fi…

I. Conflicts on the Iberian Peninsula, 206–154 BC In the atmosphere of tension between Rome and Carthage, the interests of both powers clashed after the 1st Punic War (264–241) on the resource-rich Iberian Peninsula. The Carthaginians, driven by economic need, were led by the Barcids, and the Romans were urged on by their ally, the trading metropolis of Massalia. With the delineation of spheres of interest at the Iberus (Ebro, Júcar or Segura) in 226/25, the conflict over Saguntum in 221/19 and the 2nd …

The map shows the development of the Roman Empire in 19 chronological steps, marked in the legend and commentary with the years in which the expansions took place. Date Province Sources 241 BC Sicilia, western part Pol. 3,27,2; App. Sic. 2,4; Oros. 4,11,2 237 Sardinia et Corsica Pol. 1,88,8–12; Liv. 21,1,5; 21,40,5; 22,54,11; Fest. 430,14–20 229 Illyrian protectorate App. Ill. 21 f. 210 Kingdom of Syracuse incorporated into the province of Sicilia Liv. 26,40 206 Hispaniae, all of Sicilia App. Ib. 152; Liv.25,31,5; 25,40,4; cf. 31,31,8 148 Macedonia Flor. Epit.1,30; 1,32 146 Achaea inco…