R. Baxter, R. Keywords: International customary law | Public international law | Law of treaties | Mots clefs: Droit coutumier international | Droit international public | Droit des traités | ABSTRACT The objective that R. Baxter assigns to his course is to describe how the treaties, whether bilateral or multilateral, serve as evidence of the state of customary international law. First, he examines multilateral treaties as declaratory of customary international law, multilateral treaties as constitutive of customary internati…

, Keywords: Political regimes | Public international law | Totalitarian regimes | Dictatorship | Democracy | Mots clefs: Régimes politiques | Droit international public | Régimes totalitaires | Dictature | Démocratie | ABSTRACT Joseph-Barthelemy, who does not conceal the difficulties of his company, intends to study the relationships between domestic policy and international law in this course. In the first chapter, he focuses on the international solidarity of systems or tendencies of domestic policies. He next studies the pro…

Skubiszewski, Krzysztof Keywords: Hague Academy of International Law | Public international law | Mots clefs: Académie de droit international de La Haye | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Professor Skubiszewski, Member of the Curatorium of the Hague Academy of International Law, focuses in his course on the contribution of the Academy to the development of the science and the practice of private international law. There is no doubt, according to Professor Skubiszewski, that the Academy not only enjoys a solid position…

Salvioli, Gabriele Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Gabriele Salvioli begins his course with a presentation of the question of the definition of the rule of international law. He focuses on the element of the application, and then examines the presentation of positive international law on one hand, and natural law on the other hand. Gabriele Salvioli commence son cours par une présentation de la question de la définition de la règle de droit international. Il s'intéresse ensuite à l'élément de l'applic…

Gardot, André Keywords: Public international law | Legal history | Jean Bodin (1530-1596) | Mots clefs: Droit international public | Histoire du droit | ABSTRACT Andre Gardot states in the introduction of the course that the considerable role of Bodin in the history of legal thinking, if it is better known than formerly, is, however, still insufficiently known. Jean Bodin, continues the author, is far from occupying the place which the author deserves among the lawyers of the Renaissance period and of all times. Andre G…

Antonio Pastor Ridruejo, José Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Professor Pastor Ridruejo builds his systematic exposé on international law on four fundamental starting points. The first chapter is dedicated to the general character of international law, to its characteristics compared to domestic law, whether this concern its sources, the prevention and/or the sanctioning of violations, or dispute settlement. The second chapter relates to the generic aspects…

Weil, Prosper Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT In this general course of public international law, Prosper Weil, Professor emeritus of the University Paris II, abstains from outlining, chapter after chapter, the substance of the matter, but limits himself to some reflections on international law as a legal system. Professor Weil thus proposes to review the existential problems currently facing international law, and examines the problems of normativity tha…

Gaja, Giorgio Keywords: Ius cogens | Public international law | Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Vienna, 23 May 1969) | State responsibility | Mots clefs: Jus cogens | Droit international public | Convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités (Vienne, 23 mai 1969) | Responsabilité des Etats | ABSTRACT Giorgio Gaja, Professor at the University of Florence, begins an analysis of the role of peremptory norms in contemporary treaty law. He devotes a first chapter of his course to treaty law. After some preliminary remarks on the relevance of…

THOMAS M. FRANCK Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Taking the point of view that public international law is too rich and too complex a subject to be dealt with in its entirety within the framework of a general course on public international law, Thomas Franck, Professor at the University of New York, decides to focus on public international law from the perspective of fairness. In Part I of the course he presents an analytical framework of public internatio…

Sørensen, Max Keywords: Legal principles | Public international law | Mots clefs: Principes de droit | Droit international public | ABSTRACT According to Max Sorensen, the course explains the interrelation of the two factors of stability and evolution that is, in any legal system, the crux of the problems for doctrine and practice that arise. Stability is the essence of the law. Evolution, on the other hand, is the necessary consequence of the changes taking place in the social conditions at the base of the legal sy…

Singh, Nagendra Keywords: Carriage of goods by sea | Public international law | Mots clefs: Transport maritime | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Nagendra Singh writes that the principles of the law of merchant shipping partly derive from the domestic law of the States participating in maritime trade, and partly from multilateral treaties and multilateral conventions. First, the author presents the general principles of international law governing merchant shipping. In the second part on public international law …

E. S. Fawcett, J. Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT J.E.S. Fawcett selects a series of important and interesting themes for his General Course on Public International Law (in 1971) and places them in a legal framework by constructing the discussion around a central theme: jurisdiction. He examines three main areas from the perspective of public international law: the concepts of sovereignty and jurisdiction, the location of jurisdictional objects, and transfers of jurisdiction. J.E.S. Fawcett a sélectionné pour son cours…

Venturini, G. Keywords: Unilateralism | Public international law | Mots clefs: Unilatéralisme | Droit international public | ABSTRACT In the most recent doctrine, Gian Carlo Venturini points out in 1964 that there is a tendency to recognize the eligibility, in the international legal order, of institutions specific to certain systems of domestic law, such as estoppel and acquiescence, which assign legal effects to the attitude of States, while doubts still arise as to the legal value of the unilateral acts themse…

Caldera, Rafael Keywords: Public international law | Justice | Mots clefs: Droit international public | Justice | ABSTRACT At the conference given by Rafael Caldera, Former President of Venezuela, in The Hague on 8 July 1896, the author seeks a juridical basis for a new international order which he calls for and which, by promoting social justice, will guarantee peace. Lors de cette conférence que Rafael Caldera, ancien président du Venezuela, a donné à La Haye le 8 juillet 1896, l’auteur recherche le fondement juridique d’un nouvel ordre international q…

E. Butler, W. Keywords: Public international law | Comparative law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | Droit comparé | ABSTRACT In his course, W.E. Butler, Professor at University College London, focuses primarily on four areas of comparative legal studies. The first is the comparative analysis of the international legal system, including subsystems and doctrine. The author then focuses on a comparative analysis of the relations between international law and domestic legal systems and cultures, followed by a …

B. Landheer, M. Keywords: Sociology | Public international law | Mots clefs: Sociologie | Droit international public | ABSTRACT After some remarks on the fundamental concepts of sociology, B. Landheer examines the evolution of sociological thinking on international society and international law. The author next examines the relations between formal and non-formal structures in international society. The author discusses the impact of social change on international society. Finally, the author discusses the likely …

Arthur Watts, KCMG, QC, Sir Keywords: Heads of State and Heads of government | Public international law | Mots clefs: Chefs d Etats | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Arthur Watts, barrister and international arbitrator, proposes in this course a systematic study of the legal position of Heads of States, heads of governments and foreign ministers with respect to international law. He draws attention first of all to the status of Heads of States, to different constitutional forms and titles, moving on to talk about the …

Scelle, Georges Keywords: Rule of law | Public international law | Enforcement | Recognition of states | Mots clefs: Règle de droit | Droit international public | Exécution | Reconnaissance des Etats | ABSTRACT Georges Scelle points out in the introduction that the subject of this course is as vast as the international law itself, as it could be called: The effectiveness of the rule of law. At first, the author presents the theory of international legal order and social functions, and particularly the executive function. He then…

Arrighi, Jean-Michel Keywords: Organization of American States | Public international law | International law | Institutional law | Institutions and organs | Legal co-operation | Democracy | History | Mots clefs: Organisation des Etats américains | Droit international public | Droit international | Droit institutionnel | Institutions et organes | Coopération juridique | Démocratie | Histoire | ABSTRACT The Organization of American States (OAS), created in 1948, is just a link in a long chain of inter-American institutions that emerged from the first Am…

Reuter, Paul Keywords: Legal principles | Public international law | Mots clefs: Principes de droit | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Paul Reuter writes that he chooses a plan as classic as possible for his course, which fits into a tradition lying behind it and fits into the courses of Academy devoted to the general rules of the law of peace and to the general principles of public international law. Chapter I, International Societies and Their Law, and Chapter II, The Systematic Aspects of International Law, …