R. Baxter, R. Keywords: International customary law | Public international law | Law of treaties | Mots clefs: Droit coutumier international | Droit international public | Droit des traités | ABSTRACT The objective that R. Baxter assigns to his course is to describe how the treaties, whether bilateral or multilateral, serve as evidence of the state of customary international law. First, he examines multilateral treaties as declaratory of customary international law, multilateral treaties as constitutive of customary internati…

Keywords: Political regimes | Public international law | Totalitarian regimes | Dictatorship | Democracy | Mots clefs: Régimes politiques | Droit international public | Régimes totalitaires | Dictature | Démocratie | ABSTRACT Joseph-Barthelemy, who does not conceal the difficulties of his company, intends to study the relationships between domestic policy and international law in this course. In the first chapter, he focuses on the international solidarity of systems or tendencies of domestic policies. He next studies the prob…

Skubiszewski, Krzysztof Keywords: Hague Academy of International Law | Public international law | Mots clefs: Académie de droit international de La Haye | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Professor Skubiszewski, Member of the Curatorium of the Hague Academy of International Law, focuses in his course on the contribution of the Academy to the development of the science and the practice of private international law. There is no doubt, according to Professor Skubiszewski, that the Academy not only enjoys a solid position…

Salvioli, Gabriele Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Gabriele Salvioli begins his course with a presentation of the question of the definition of the rule of international law. He focuses on the element of the application, and then examines the presentation of positive international law on one hand, and natural law on the other hand. Gabriele Salvioli commence son cours par une présentation de la question de la définition de la règle de droit international. Il s'intéresse ensuite à l'élément de l'applic…

Gardot, André Keywords: Public international law | Legal history | Jean Bodin (1530-1596) | Mots clefs: Droit international public | Histoire du droit | ABSTRACT Andre Gardot states in the introduction of the course that the considerable role of Bodin in the history of legal thinking, if it is better known than formerly, is, however, still insufficiently known. Jean Bodin, continues the author, is far from occupying the place which the author deserves among the lawyers of the Renaissance period and of all times. Andre G…

Bourquin, Maurice Keywords: Science | Public international law | Technical sciences | Mots clefs: Sciences | Droit international public | Sciences techniques | ABSTRACT Maurice Bourquin points out in the introduction to his course that we are now looking at a contradiction. On one hand, the progress of science shows the anarchy of sovereignty as an anachronism incompatible with the needs of modern society; but on the other hand, the establishment of an effective international order is confronted with the resistance of …

Reed, Lucy Keywords: International crises | Public international law | Private international law | International dispute settlement | Iran-United States Claims Tribunal | United Nations Compensation Commission | North Korea | Nuclear energy | Mots clefs: Crises internationales | Droit international public | Droit international privé | Solution des différends internationaux | Tribunal irano-américain de réclamations | Commission de compensation des Nations Unies | Corée du Nord | Energie nucléaire | ABSTRACT Lucy Reed, partner at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP in…

Riphagen, †W. Keywords: Methodology | Public international law | Mots clefs: Méthodologie | Droit international public | ABSTRACT W. Riphagen, Professor Emeritus of the Erasmus University of Rotterdam, proposes in this course to build up a scientific modelization of the techniques applied in international law. The following topics are dealt with successively: modelization of techniques; similar problems and solutions within domestic law; interpenetration of international law and domestic law; the branches of ius …

Antonio Pastor Ridruejo, José Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Professor Pastor Ridruejo builds his systematic exposé on international law on four fundamental starting points. The first chapter is dedicated to the general character of international law, to its characteristics compared to domestic law, whether this concern its sources, the prevention and/or the sanctioning of violations, or dispute settlement. The second chapter relates to the generic aspects…

Weil, Prosper Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT In this general course of public international law, Prosper Weil, Professor emeritus of the University Paris II, abstains from outlining, chapter after chapter, the substance of the matter, but limits himself to some reflections on international law as a legal system. Professor Weil thus proposes to review the existential problems currently facing international law, and examines the problems of normativity tha…

Arthur Watts, KCMG, QC, Sir Keywords: Heads of State and Heads of government | Public international law | Mots clefs: Chefs d Etats | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Arthur Watts, barrister and international arbitrator, proposes in this course a systematic study of the legal position of Heads of States, heads of governments and foreign ministers with respect to international law. He draws attention first of all to the status of Heads of States, to different constitutional forms and titles, moving on to talk about the …

Scelle, Georges Keywords: Rule of law | Public international law | Enforcement | Recognition of states | Mots clefs: Règle de droit | Droit international public | Exécution | Reconnaissance des Etats | ABSTRACT Georges Scelle points out in the introduction that the subject of this course is as vast as the international law itself, as it could be called: The effectiveness of the rule of law. At first, the author presents the theory of international legal order and social functions, and particularly the executive function. He then…

Guggenheim, Paul Keywords: Sources of law | Public international law | Mots clefs: Sources | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Paul Guggenheim begins his course on the History of the sources of the law of the nations with a presentation of the origins of the concept of the law of the nations, from the Roman law to the practice of the 12th and 13th centuries. He then focuses on the concept of the law of nations in the writings of the founders of international law, then successively to custom, international treaties, and the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations. Paul Gugg…

Gaja, Giorgio Keywords: Ius cogens | Public international law | Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Vienna, 23 May 1969) | State responsibility | Mots clefs: Jus cogens | Droit international public | Convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités (Vienne, 23 mai 1969) | Responsabilité des Etats | ABSTRACT Giorgio Gaja, Professor at the University of Florence, begins an analysis of the role of peremptory norms in contemporary treaty law. He devotes a first chapter of his course to treaty law. After some preliminary remarks on the relevance of…

THOMAS M. FRANCK Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Taking the point of view that public international law is too rich and too complex a subject to be dealt with in its entirety within the framework of a general course on public international law, Thomas Franck, Professor at the University of New York, decides to focus on public international law from the perspective of fairness. In Part I of the course he presents an analytical framework of public internatio…

Sørensen, Max Keywords: Legal principles | Public international law | Mots clefs: Principes de droit | Droit international public | ABSTRACT According to Max Sorensen, the course explains the interrelation of the two factors of stability and evolution that is, in any legal system, the crux of the problems for doctrine and practice that arise. Stability is the essence of the law. Evolution, on the other hand, is the necessary consequence of the changes taking place in the social conditions at the base of the legal sy…

Arrighi, Jean-Michel Keywords: Organization of American States | Public international law | International law | Institutional law | Institutions and organs | Legal co-operation | Democracy | History | Mots clefs: Organisation des Etats américains | Droit international public | Droit international | Droit institutionnel | Institutions et organes | Coopération juridique | Démocratie | Histoire | ABSTRACT The Organization of American States (OAS), created in 1948, is just a link in a long chain of inter-American institutions that emerged from the first Am…

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Verdross, Alfred Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Alfred Verdross recalls in the introduction to his course that in the first course taught at the Academy of international law, A. Korff demonstrated that international law is not a relatively recent outcome of modern civilization. On the contrary, historical research, writes Verdross, proves that the Law of nations is as old as civilization in general, and that it really seems to be a necessary and an inevi…

Chemillier-Gendreau, Monique Keywords: Publ…