Rousseau, Charles Keywords: Independence | International law | Mots clefs: Indépendance | Droit international | ABSTRACT The purpose of Charles Rousseau’s course is to determine the characteristics of the State in the international order, that is, to identify, from the point of view of the law of nations, the essential characteristics by which a political community is or not recognized as a State. After a presentation of the concept of sovereignty and the traditional criterion of distinction between the State a…

Malenovský, Jiří Keywords: International courts | Judges | Independence | Permanent Court of International Justice | International Court of Justice | European Court of Human Rights | Mots clefs: ABSTRACT The independence of international judges is the result of a particular synthesis of general principle of law imposing judicial independence, on one hand, and certain traditional rules specific to the status of the international arbitrator, on the other hand. Both the “weak” point and the “strong” point of the international j…