Cross Dillard, Hardy Keywords: International disputes | Diplomacy | International law | Mots clefs: Différends internationaux | Diplomatie | Droit international | ABSTRACT The objective of Hardy Cross Dillard's course on Some Aspects of Law and Diplomacy is to make an inquiry and to elicit more questions than answers. This survey focuses on the role of law and diplomacy in conflict management. The author is induced to make this inquiry by the decision of the United States Supreme Court on racial discrimination. Le cours de Hardy Cross Dillard sur certains aspects du droit et …

Ben Achour, Rafâa Keywords: Politics | Government | Constitutional law | Political systems | Constitutional state | Democracy | International law | Regional organizations | Mots clefs: ABSTRACT Unconstitutional changes in government occur as a result of a process of accession to or maintenance of power outside the constitutional framework in violation of democratic principles of change of government and norms of rule of law. In the first part of this course, Rafaa Ben Achour declares that the universal law adopts an "inter…

Verdross, A. Keywords: Peace | International law | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international | ABSTRACT Alfred Verdross explains in the introduction to his course that one cannot understand the social facts if one do not penetrate the thoughts at the basic level. The thesis advanced by the author is that positive law of nations is obscure if one does not know its creative ideas, developed precisely by the founders of international law. The author therefore begins with a presentation of the development and structur…

Baron Michel De Taube, Le Keywords: International law | Legal history | Mots clefs: Droit international | Histoire du droit | ABSTRACT As a starting point of his investigations on the historical role of Byzantium in the development of European International Law, Michael de Taube formulates a critical observation which will not be denied by any historian, he declares: people have a very faint historical memory. And Byzantium has fallen into oblivion. In order to come out of it, the author starts by presenting Byzantiu…

Crusen, G. Keywords: Servitudes | International law | Mots clefs: Servitudes | Droit international | ABSTRACT Georg Crussen explains that international servitudes are conventional and perpetual restrictions on the territorial sovereignty of states, which represent a permanent real right. The purpose of Crussen’s study is to examine whether the analogous application of the concept of servitude in international relations is consistent with positive law of the people and to examine whether it is necessary to achie…

Slaughter, Anne-Marie Keywords: International law | International relations | Nongovernmental organizations | Mots clefs: Droit international | Relations internationales | Organisations non-gouvernementales | ABSTRACT Anne-Marie Slaughter, Professor at Harvard University, devotes her course to the relation between international law and international relations. In the first part Professor Slaughter examines the principal theories concerning international relations. Professor Slaughter examines in particular what interna…

E. Charlier, R. Keywords: Nuclear energy | International law | Mots clefs: Energie nucléaire | Droit international | ABSTRACT Can and should atomic law be autonomous? asks R.E. Charlier in the introduction to his course. Or will the questions it raises, the solutions it calls for, have nothing specifically atomic about it? And are they revolutionary? "A new world of thinking has become necessary if we want to survive" (Einstein), is it also true about law? Some authors believe that every new fact calls for a new l…

Barcia Trelles, Camilo Keywords: Francisco de Vitoria (1492-1546) | International law | Doctrines | Mots clefs: Vitoria (F. de) | Droit international | Doctrines | ABSTRACT Camilo Barcia Trelles explains in the introduction of his course that it takes the coincidence of two factors for Vitoria to be able to bequeath to posterity its "immortal doctrines": the appearance of new problems arising from recent realities (discovery and conquest of America), and the existence of an objective and a cultivated spirit ready to addr…

Arrighi, Jean-Michel Keywords: Organization of American States | Public international law | International law | Institutional law | Institutions and organs | Legal co-operation | Democracy | History | Mots clefs: Organisation des Etats américains | Droit international public | Droit international | Droit institutionnel | Institutions et organes | Coopération juridique | Démocratie | Histoire | ABSTRACT The Organization of American States (OAS), created in 1948, is just a link in a long chain of inter-American institutions that emerged from the first Am…

Iwasawa, Yuji Keywords: International law and national law | International law | Domestic law | Direct effect | Implementation | Mots clefs: ABSTRACT In this course, the author examines the theoretical and practical problems involved in the application of international law in domestic law. He first presents the case of Danzig to explain the concept of direct applicability. The author shows how futile it is to search for the intention of the parties to determine the direct applicability of a treaty because such intenti…

Chemillier-Gendreau, Monique Keywords: Public international law | International law | Universalism | Mots clefs: Droit international public | Droit international | Universalisme | ABSTRACT To reflect on the universality of international law, it is necessary to ask whether its application extends to the entire society concerned, no subject is excluded, and its objectives are achieved for the benefit of all. If the concept of sovereignty appears as a guarantee of the independence and recognition of a group, it is also a …

Zimmermann, Michel Keywords: Middle Ages | International law | Legal history | Mots clefs: Moyen-âge | Droit international | Histoire du droit | ABSTRACT For the majority of internationalists of the second half of the XIX century and at the beginning of the XX century, there is no doubt that the law of nations did not exist in the Middle Ages and that it made its appearance only after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, writes Michel Zimmermann. On the contrary, for the great French writers of the first half of the XIX ce…

Abellán Honrubia, Victoria Keywords: Individuals | International responsibility | International law | Mots clefs: Individus | Responsabilité internationale | Droit international | ABSTRACT The object of the course of Victoria Abellán Honrubia, Professor at the University of Barcelona, is to study the international responsibility of the individual according to public international law. Professor Abellán Honrubia proposes to clarify up to what point the standards for international responsibility of the individual can be…

Hostie, Jean Keywords: Communications | International law | Mots clefs: Communications | Droit international | ABSTRACT Jean Hostie, in the introduction to this course, says that international law has become so complex that it is increasingly difficult, if not impossible, for a single mind to synthesize it. The author points out a number of areas in which some specialists are trying to draw general conclusions from their studies. A critical comparison of the partial syntheses by general subject matter experts w…

Barcia Trelles, Camilo Keywords: Francisco Suárez (1548-1617) | International law | Documents | Mots clefs: Suarez (F.) | Droit international | Documents | ABSTRACT Camilo Barcia Trelles begins his course on the contribution of Francisco Suarez to the Modern School of International law with a general presentation of Suarez and international law. He then studies the vision of the law of nations which Suarez had. He also focuses on the position of Suarez on war, particularly within the framework of the notion of just war…

Comte Giorgio Balladore Pallieri, le Keywords: Arbitration | International law | Mots clefs: Arbitrage | Droit international | ABSTRACT Giorgio Balladore Pallieri explains in the introduction to his course that practice in recent times (1934) has marked a very pronounced penchant for arbitration, which it prefers in a growing number of cases to the procedure instituted by the State and taking place before ordinary judges. After presentation of general theories relating to international arbitration, the author focuses on private arbitration in international conventions. Giorgio…

I. Nwogugu, E. Keywords: Foreign direct investment | International law | Mots clefs: Investissement | Droit international privé | ABSTRACT Professor Nwogugu devotes his course to the legal problems related to foreign investments of which the States are in great need. After a study of incentives to investments (especially legal incentives), the author focuses on the protection of foreign investment. He then proposes a review of investment contracts and reparations for injury to private property. The author then focu…

Lowe, Vaughan Keywords: International law | Theory | Mots clefs: ABSTRACT International law provides a language for international dealings, a conceptual and an institutional framework within which those pledges that States, and others, are willing to make to one another can be expressed, secured, and examined for compliance. In this course, Vaughan Lowe emphasizes that international law does not and cannot provide a complete regime, a complete social order. There are many limitations upon the utility of in…

Urrutia, F.-J. Keywords: America | International law | Codification | Mots clefs: Amérique | Droit international | Codification | ABSTRACT Francisco-Jose Urrutia begins his course on the codification of international law in America with a presentation of the principles of international law proclaimed by the American States since the constitution. He then presents the history of the codification of international law in America and the technique that has been used in this context. He then focuses on the Congress of A…

Ténékidès, Georges Keywords: Greece | Federalism | International law | Legal history | Mots clefs: Grèce | Fédéralisme | Droit international | Histoire du droit | ABSTRACT After some preliminary remarks aimed to demonstrate that there was indeed a Hellenic international law, Georges Tenekides presents the polis and the de facto relations between Cities. He then focuses on interstate legal institutions, and examines the federal communities: he presents the problem of the integration of Greek cities in the theoretical field…