Kaufmann, Erich Keywords: Peace | International law | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international | ABSTRACT After a presentation of the general approach to the issue of the rules of the law of peace, the author studies the establishment of the State in an international order. He then focuses on the peculiarities of the international order, and on the idea of law in the international order. The last chapter examines the international community and international political law: the author presents the structure and or…

Quidde, Ludwig Keywords: Germany | Middle Ages | Peace | Mots clefs: Allemagne | Moyen-âge | Paix | ABSTRACT The aim of Ludwig Quidde’s course is to describe a development not taken place in the field of international law but in the field of German Constitutional Law. But this development offers very curious and very interesting analogies with the development of international law issues. The first part of the course focuses on the period from the primitive times to the end of the Carolingians (Germanic law, migrat…

Klafkowski, Alfons Keywords: WaPeace | Treaties | Mots clefs: Guerres | Paix | Traités | ABSTRACT In the introduction to his course, Alfons Klafkowski raises the following questions: principle-based technique of organizing peace and international security is increasingly linked to international law, how does the question of the end of the state of war arises in international law, is the question regulated, and if so how and by whom? In order to answer these questions, the author presents the concept of state of…

Dupuis, Charles Keywords: Europe | Peace | History | Mots clefs: Europe | Paix | Histoire | ABSTRACT The author points out that, from the Roman Empire to the present day (1937), Europe first and then the world hovered between the international organization and the anarchy of sovereignties. First, the author focuses on the rudimentary projects of international organization, theoretical order, like that of Sully. He then presents a precise and complete project of the Abbot of Saint Peter to restore perpetual peace …

Milhaud, Edgar Keywords: Peace | International economic law | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international économique | ABSTRACT Edgar Milhaud writes in 1926 that the problem of the Economic Organization of Peace has ceased to be a purely theoretical problem; it is now posed as a practical problem before the League of Nations. The author examines this practical problem by first addressing the issues of international trade policy, an idea of a European economic union. He then presents some ways of regularizing the natio…

Verdross, A. Keywords: Peace | International law | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international | ABSTRACT Alfred Verdross explains in the introduction to his course that one cannot understand the social facts if one do not penetrate the thoughts at the basic level. The thesis advanced by the author is that positive law of nations is obscure if one does not know its creative ideas, developed precisely by the founders of international law. The author therefore begins with a presentation of the development and structur…

Van Kan, J. Keywords: Peace | International law | History | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international | Histoire | ABSTRACT In this course, J. van Kan does not propose to follow the development of the idea of international peace through the centuries, but to make a choice in the subject and to deal with some major detached but closely coherent chapters. The author writes that the organization of peace has proceeded through four paths: moral conviction, universalism, the supranational idea, and the international idea. T…

Muller, J. Keywords: Roman Catholic Church | Peace | Mots clefs: Eglise | Paix | ABSTRACT Joseph Muller’s subject deals with problems related to a number of issues regarding the history of Christianity and the theories of war and peace in his course. In a first part, the author focuses on a pacifying work of Christian Confessions in the past, and in a second part on the possible contribution of Christianity to the law of the future. Tout le problème posé par le sujet traité par Joseph Muller dans son cours relève d'un certain nombre de questions relatives à l'histoire du…

Cavaglieri, Arrigo Keywords: Peace | International law | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international | ABSTRACT In this course, Arrigo Cavaglieri seeks to trace in the essential themes, as the author sees it, the system of the general law of peace. The author does not give a complete overview of the rules currently accepted, either because it could only be summary, or because the doubts about the positive nature of certain rules could only be overcome by means of a careful search, and a difficult assessment of the e…

C. Jessup, Philip Keywords: Peace | Public international law | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Philip C. Jessup devotes this lecture, given on August 2 1960, in the Great Hall of the Peace Palace, The Hague, in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the creation of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in New York, to a Half-Century of Efforts to Substitute Law for War. Philip C. Jessup consacre cette conférence, donnée le 2 août 1960 dans le grand hall du Palais de la Paix, à La Haye, en commémoration du cinquantième anniv…

François, J.-P.-A. Keywords: Peace | International law | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international | ABSTRACT J.-P.-A. Francois begins his course on the General Rules of the Law of Peace with a presentation of the evolution of the community of international law from the law of Ancient nations to the League of Nations. The author then studies the proper character of the law of nations by focusing on the school of natural law on one hand and on the positivist school on the other hand. The author then addresses the i…

Bourquin, Maurice Keywords: Peace | International law | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international | ABSTRACT In this course devoted to the General Rules of the Law of Peace, Maurice Bourquin seeks to grasp the positive law in its principles, not as it may one day be, but as it is in 1931. The author, at first, studies the subject and the structure of international law, then the sources and basis of international law. He later focuses on the bodies of international legal order, the assignment of powers, the exercise of powers, and the sanction of irregularities. Dans ce cours consacré aux règle…

Strupp, Karl Keywords: Peace | International law | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international | ABSTRACT In the introduction to his course, Karl Strupp makes the following observation: under the penalty of ad infinitum regression in legal order, it should be admitted that the foundation of international law is pre-legal. Ever since the States have recognized an obligatory nature of the international norms at different periods which could not be specified historically, it is that the same principle was a part of the public internati…

Ernest Minor Patterson, Dr Keywords: Peace | Economy | Mots clefs: Paix | Economie politique | ABSTRACT It is nowadays, writes Dr. Ernest Minor Patterson, two groups of economic forces are in action: few make the world a whole; others divide it into opposite zones. The first establish a deep dependency between us. The second separates us because there are certain conditions in which our interests are not in harmony. The author notes that this conflict poses an embarrassing problem. The purpose of the six chapter…

G. Fitzmaurice, G. Keywords: World War II | Peace | Treaties | Mots clefs: Guerre mondiale de 1939 | Paix | Traités | ABSTRACT In his course on the Judicial Clauses of the Peace Treaties, G.G. Fitzmaurice refers to the peace treaties as the treaties signed with Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Finland and entered into force in 1947. After an introduction devoted to the peace treaties, the author examines the territorial clauses, the political clauses, the military clauses, economic clauses, financial clauses, and commercial clauses of the peace treaties. Dans son cours sur les …

Dupuis, Charles Keywords: Peace | International law | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international | ABSTRACT Charles Dupuis writes in his course that it is certainly easier to outlaw the war on paper than to ban it from reality. The Kellog Pact, the author continues, assumes that the first means of safeguarding peace, namely that all powers are and will always be peaceful, is sufficient for everything; that, therefore, the second means, the intimidation of the belligerent by the preponderance of the forces of the pa…

Le Fur, Louis Keywords: Peace | International law | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international | ABSTRACT The course of Louis Le Fur on General Rules of the Law of Peace begins with the first part devoted to doctrines on the basis of international law. The author thus presents ten different theories, the last one, to which the author agrees, being a realistic and synthetic theory. The second part of the course is devoted to the study of several selected problems, such as custom and general principles of law, the revision of treaties, or the domain for the exclusive competence of the State. Le cours d…

Brierly, James-Leslie Keywords: Peace | International law | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international | ABSTRACT International law, writes James-Leslie Brierly in his introduction to this course, is based on the negation of the idea that the State is the highest form of human society, and states that States are the associates of a higher community, the Civitas maxima. The author begins his course with a presentation of this international community. He then focuses on the state in the international order, on the legal organization of the international comm…

Scelle, Georges Keywords: Peace | International law | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international | ABSTRACT Georges Scelle begins his systematic course on the General Rules of the Law of Peace with a methodological introduction devoted to the postulates of classical international law and to the objections addressed to the postulates of classical international law by realistic criticism. The first part of the course is devoted to the elements of the international legal order: international society, subject of law, a…

A. Berle, Jr, Adolf Keywords: United Nations | Charter | Self-defence | Peace | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Charte | Défense légitime | Paix | ABSTRACT From a doctrinal point of view, Adolf Berle considers that the Charter of the United Nations confers rights within private international law on peoples while maintaining the rights previously recognized by the international law to the States. The author begins his course on the peace of peoples by comparing the peace of the States and peace of the peoples. He then examines…