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[English Version] (Rel. der Humanität). Sie basierte auf den Ideen des franz. Philosophen und Soziologen A. Comte, der eine Synthese zw. dem Ordnungsdenken der kath. Kirche und einer Fortschrittsgewißheit, die an der Naturwiss. orientiert sein sollte, versuchte. Sein Programm gipfelte in einer atheistischen Rel. der Humanität bzw. in einem Kult der Menschheit. Alle wiss. Bestrebungen haben sich dieser Rel. unterzuordnen. Während seine Idee einer myst. Kirche in Europa ohne Nachwirkungen blieb, kam…

[English Version] Rotermund, Wilhelm (21.11.1843 Stemmen, Hannover – 5.4.1925 São Leopoldo, Brasilien), luth. Kirchenmann, Theologe, Verleger, Schriftsteller. Studium der Theol. in Erlangen und Göttingen bei J. Ch.K.v. Hofmann, J.H. A. Ebrard, F.A. E. Ehrenfeuchter, Albert Peip und L.F. Schöberlein. Hauslehrer im Kurland, Vikariat und Tätigkeit als Schulinspektor in Hannover. Seit Herbst 1873 Sekretär des Komitees für die prot. Deutschen in Südbrasilien und Mitarbeiter F. Fabris, in Barmen. 1874 Pr…

[German Version] ( Religião de Humanidade) was based on the ideas of the French philosopher and sociologist A. Comte, who attempted to bring about a synthesis between the Catholic Church’s conception of order and the certainty of progress, that was to be oriented to natural sciences. His program culminated in an atheistic religion of humanity or cult of humankind. All scientific ambitions were to subordinate themselves to this religion. Although his idea of a mystical church remained without conseque…

[German Version] (1628, Torre de Tavares, Portugal – 1691, Batavia, Java), came to Lisbon to train as a priest after the early death of his parents and reached Batavia via Holland in 1641. There he encountered the Portuguese mission of the Reformed Church and joined in 1642. He was pastor in Galle, Sri Lanka, 1656–1658; in Tuticorin, Fisher Coast, 1658–1663; f…

[German Version] In the age of Portuguese expansion, present-day Brazil was first called the Island of the True Cross (1500), then the Land of the Holy Cross, and finally the Land of Brazil (1511), after brazil wood, initially its only export. Today its official name is República Federativa do Brasil. The national language is Portuguese. Although its topography is …

[German Version] (Nov 21, 1843, Stemmen, Hannover – Apr 5, 1925, São Leopoldo, Brazil), Lutheran churchman, theologian, publisher, and writer. In Erlangen and Göttingen he studied with J.C.K. v. Hofmann, J.H.A. Ebrard, F.A.E. Ehrenfeuchter, ¶ Albert Peip, and L.F. Schöberlein. After working as a private tutor in Courland (now part of Latvia), he served his pastoral internship in Hannover, where he also worked as a school superintendent. In the fall of 1873 he was appointed secretary of the Committee for German Protestants in Sout…

[German Version] (Nov 3, 1887, Sapiranga, Brazil – Dec 4, 1956, São Leopoldo, Brazil), Lutheran churchman, theologian, educationalist, and writer. He studied theology in Basel, Leipzig and Halle, becoming pastor in Cachoeira do Sul in 1914, in 1919 founder of the Deutsche Evangelische Blätter für Brasilien, in 1921 founder of the Protestant seminar program, in 1935 president of the Rio Grande Synod, in 1946 founder and professor of systematic theology at the theologica…

[German Version] (1534, Lamargelle, Burgundy – 1613, Isle-près-Montrichet, Switzerland), a shoemaker who studied theology in Geneva and became a Huguenot pastor (Huguenots). From 1556 to 1558, he moved to the Protestant colony France Antarctique (outside of Rio de Janeiro), which had been founded in 1555 by N. de Villegaignon in the bay of Rio de Janeiro under the patronage of G. de Coligny and which existed until 1558. His Brazilian Journal, begun on Nov 19, 1556 in the harbor of Hanfleur and finished in 1558 in La Blavet and Hanebon (Brittany), documents the fir…

[German Version] (Antônio Francisco Lisboa; 1730, Vila Rica, now Ouro Preto – 1814, Vila Rica), “little cripple,” was the nickname of the son of the Portuguese architect Manuel Francisco Lisboa and an African slave. Freed by his father at birth, he studied architecture and sculpture with him. Leprous since 1777, he still worked on the church of the pilgrimage …

[German Version] I. General; Geopolitics – II. Religious Affiliation – III. Christianity I. General; Geopolitics America, with an area of over 42,000,000 km2, is generally divided into North America, Central America, and South America. Latin America, a substantial part of the continent, comprises the countries originally colonized by Spain, France, and Portugal. The term covers South America and Central America together with Mexico. First used between 1862 and 1867 during the French intervention in Mexico, it was …

[German Version] I. Phenomenology – II. History – III. Dogmatics – IV. Practical Theology – V. Ethics – VI. Orthodox Church – VII. Judaism – VIII. Art History – IX. Asia, Africa, Latin America I. Phenomenology The term liturgy has been used for Christian worship since the end of the 16th century; by the end of the 18th century, it had gained general acceptance. In secular usage, Gk λειτουργία/ leitourgía means work done in public service (from λαός/ laós, “people” [Laity] and ἔργον/ érgon, “work”); the LXX used it for the temple cult. It appears only 15 times in the N…

[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Old Testament – III. Primitive Christianity – IV. Church History – V. Judaism – VI. Islam – VII. Asia, Africa, and Latin America – VIII. Social Sciences – IX. Psychology – X. Philosophy of Religion – XI. Practical Theology I. Religious Studies To date there have been hardly any works devoted to men from the perspective of religious studies. Given the androcentrism of traditional scholarship, the category of homo religiosus has usually yielded knowledge of the religious male, but this work must …