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Baptism, symbol of.
(381 words)
[German version] Symbols of baptism are the professions of faith (= creed), which were spoken during or in conjunction with a baptism. The assumption of older scholars that NT professions of faith such as Rom 10,9 or Phil 2,11 were connected with baptisms, are not supported by any documentation apart from a single interpolation dating from the late 2nd cent. (Ac…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Baptism
(1,097 words)
[German version] I. Non-Christian There are analogies…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Tolerance
(4,834 words)
I. Terminology and philosophy [German version] A. Modern concept The general modern meaning of the word 'tolerance' is the readiness of in…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Messaliani
(392 words)
[German version] (Μασσαλιανοί;
Massalianoí). The Messaliani (Syrian
mṣallyēnē for ‘prayer’; Greek Euchites, Εὐχῖται/
Euchîtai), as they were known to their enemies, referred to themselves as ‘Pneumatics’ (Πνευματικοί/
Pneumatikoí, ‘endowed with spirit’), or ‘(true) Christians’. The participants of the 4th- and 5th-cent. Christian synods who condemned the Messalians took offense at their prayer, regarding it as immoderate and as a challenge to baptism, because the Messalians claimed prayer to be the essential path to perfe…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Symeon
(715 words)
(Συμεών;
Symeṓn). [German version] [1] Monk and priest, 4th cent. AD Macarius the Egyptian (Μακάριος/
Makários). Born around the year AD 300, Macarius lived from
c. AD 330 -
c. 390 as a monk and priest in the Scetic desert (Egypt). The accounts of his life (Rufinus, Historia monachorum 21; Pall. Laus. 17) describe his immaculate ascetism and his m…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Sphragis
(481 words)
(σφραγίς/
sphragís, literally Seal). [German version] [1] Seal (stone) Seal (stone): precious or decorative stone with intaglio engraving, signet ring, seal (impression). On 2nd-4th cent. AD magical amulet gems from Roman Egypt there is often mention of the demon-averting seal of Solomon and, connected with Solomon motifs, the Seal of God (
sphragìs theoû). Gem-cutting Michel, Simone (Hamburg) Bibliography S. Michel, Die magischen Gemmen im Britischen Museum, 2001, 268 ff., pls. 64-66; 430-450. [German version] [2] see Seals ; Subscriptio See Seals; Subscriptio. Gärtner, Ha…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Messalianer
(342 words)
[English version] (Μασσαλιανοί). Die von ihren Gegnern so bezeichneten M. (syrisch
mṣallyēnē für “Bet…
Source:
Der Neue Pauly
