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German theologian and ecclesiastical historian. Born Düsseldorf 2. 3. 1875, died Locarno 25. 6. 1942. Abitur at Wittenberg; studies at Jena and Bonn; doctorate in theology at Bonn 1896. Staatsexamen 1898; habil. Bonn 1900. 1905 prof. ext. in church history, 1908 prof. ord. at Jena; 1924 prof. ord. at Berlin. Work and influence L. studied Protestant theology and classical philology. His main teachers were the philologist and religious historian Hermann Usener and the New Testament scholar Eduard Grafe at Bonn, where L. took his doctorate with a dis…

German ecclesiastical historian. Born Hildesheim 19. 6. 1858, died Halle an der Saale 13. 1. 1928. School at Hildesheim; studied Protestant theology at Leipzig, Tübingen and Göttingen 1877–1880; doctorate (Dr. phil.) 1881 and licentiate in theol. at Leipzig 1882; habil. 1882, then taught there (1886 prof. ext.). 1887 prof. ext. at Halle; 1888–1926 prof. ord., 1907/08 rector there. Work and influence L. was strongly influenced by Adolf von Harnack (a lifelong friend) and Albrecht Ritschl in his scholarly ethos, but in terms of theology he can only with res…

Dt. Kirchenhistoriker. Geb. am 19. 6. 1858 in Hildesheim, gest. am 13. 1. 1928 in Halle a. d. S. Schulbesuch in Hildesheim; Studium der evang. Theologie in Leipzig, Tübingen und Göttingen 1877–1880; Prom. zum Dr. phil. 1881 und zum Lic. theol. in Leipzig 1882; Habil. 1882, anschließend Lehrtätigkeit ebda. (1886 ao.Prof. ). 1887 ao.Prof. in Halle; 1888–1926 o.Prof., 1907/08 Rektor ebda. Werk und Wirkung L. war in seinem wiss. Ethos stark von Adolf von Harnack (mit dem ihn lebenslange Freundschaft verband) und Albrecht Ritschl beeinflusst, ist aber theo…

Dt. Theologe und Kirchenhistoriker. Geb. am 2. 3. 1875 in Düsseldorf, gest. am 25. 6. 1942 in Locarno. Abitur in Wittenberg; Studium in Jena und Bonn; theologische Prom. in Bonn 1896; Staatsexamen 1898; Habil. ebda. 1900. 1905 ao.Prof. für Kirchengesch.; 1908 o.Prof. in Jena.; 1924 o.Prof. in Berlin. Werk und Wirkung L. studierte evang. Theologie und Klass. Philologie. Prägende Lehrer waren der Philologe und Religionshistoriker Hermann Usener und der Neutestamentler Eduard Grafe in Bonn, wo L. mit einer Arbeit über den Titel des Menschensohn…

Preliminary remark : the following article incorporates material from the introduction to W. Kinzig, Faith in Formulae: A Collection of Early Christian Creeds and Creed-Related Texts, vol. I, 1–17, in a substantially altered form (Kinzig, 2017a). In what follows paragraphs (§) refer to the source texts collected in the four volumes (with continuing paragraph numbers) of this publication.The Creeds as Literary GenreFor the purpose of this article a creed may be defined asa formal pledge of allegiance to a set of doctrinal statements concerning God and his relationsh…