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Ṣadr-i Aʿẓam
(1,387 words)
(t.) (commonly
ṣadr aʿẓam ), strictly “the greatest of the high dignitaries”, that is, the Grand Vizier, a title which, in the Ottoman Empire, was used synonymously with
wezīr-i aʿẓam from the mid-10th/16th century; its first use in this sense occurs in the
Āṣāf-nāme of Lütfī Pas̲h̲a [
q.v.], himself a holder of the office 946-8/1539-41. Earlier, in the late 8th/14th century,
ṣadr had been used to refer to the highest official
ʿulemāʾ , the
ḳāḍī ʿasker s [
q.v.], who were promoted to serve as viziers. Later, because the vizier came to operate as military commander in the a…
Ṣadr-i Aʿẓam
(1,400 words)
(t., communément
ṣadr aʿẓam), littéralement «le plus grand des hauts dignitaires», c.-à.-d. le Grand Vizir, titre employé dans l’Empire Ottoman comme synonyme de
wezīr-i aʿẓam à partir de la moitié du Xe/XVIe siècle. Dans ce sens, le titre se trouve pour la première fois dans le
Āṣāf-nāme de Lütfī Pas̲h̲a [
q.v.], qui détenait lui-même cette fonction entre 946-8/1539-41. Antérieurement, à la fin du VIIIe/XIVe siècle,
ṣadr avait été employé pour les
ʿulemāʾ officiels les plus hauts, c.-à-d. les
ḳāḍī ʿaskars [
q.v.], qui étaient promus pour servir comme vizirs. Plus tard, le vi…
Source:
Encyclopédie de l’Islam
Sand̲j̲aḳ
(2,561 words)
(t.), a Turkish term with various significations. (1) flag, standard, banner (Arabic
liwāʾ ), especially of a large size (more important than the
bayraḳ , Ar.
rāya or
ʿalam ) and suitable for fixing in the ground or hoisting permanently on a monument or a ship; (2) (nautical term) ensign; pennant (
ikind̲j̲i sand̲j̲aḳ ), starboard; (3) formerly a military fief or
k̲h̲āṣṣ [
q.v.] of a certain extent in the Ottoman empire; (4) a Turkish administrative and territorial division; (5) (in the expression
sand̲j̲aḳ
tikeni or
dikeni , from the Turkish translation of
Burhān-i ḳāṭiʿ …
Sand̲j̲aḳ
(2,571 words)
(t.), mot turc offrant des sens divers: 1) drapeau, étendard, bannière (arabe
liwāʾ), surtout de grandes dimensions (plus important que le
bayraḳ, ar.
rāya ou
ʿalam) et pouvant être planté, dans le sol ou arboré d’une façon permanente sur un monument ou un bateau; 2) (terme maritime) pavillon; guidon (
ikind̲j̲i sand̲j̲ak); tribord; 3) (anciennement) fief militaire ou
k̲h̲āṣṣ [
q.v.] d’une certaine étendue dans l’Empire Ottoman; 4) division territoriale et administrative turque; 5) (dans l’expression
sand̲j̲aḳ tikeni ou
dikeni, d’après la traduction turque du
Burhān-i ḳāṭiʿ, 88) …
Source:
Encyclopédie de l’Islam