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Ṣadr-i Aʿẓam

(1,387 words)

Author(s): Kunt, M.
(t.) (commonly ṣadr aʿẓam ), strictly “the greatest of the high dignitaries”, that is, the Grand Vizier, a title which, in the Ottoman Empire, was used synonymously with wezīr-i aʿẓam from the mid-10th/16th century; its first use in this sense occurs in the Āṣāf-nāme of Lütfī Pas̲h̲a [ q.v.], himself a holder of the office 946-8/1539-41. Earlier, in the late 8th/14th century, ṣadr had been used to refer to the highest official ʿulemāʾ , the ḳāḍī ʿasker s [ q.v.], who were promoted to serve as viziers. Later, because the vizier came to operate as military commander in the a…

Ṣadr-i Aʿẓam

(1,400 words)

Author(s): Kunt, M.
(t., communément ṣadr aʿẓam), littéralement «le plus grand des hauts dignitaires», c.-à.-d. le Grand Vizir, titre employé dans l’Empire Ottoman comme synonyme de wezīr-i aʿẓam à partir de la moitié du Xe/XVIe siècle. Dans ce sens, le titre se trouve pour la première fois dans le Āṣāf-nāme de Lütfī Pas̲h̲a [ q.v.], qui détenait lui-même cette fonction entre 946-8/1539-41. Antérieurement, à la fin du VIIIe/XIVe siècle, ṣadr avait été employé pour les ʿulemāʾ officiels les plus hauts, c.-à-d. les ḳāḍī ʿaskars [ q.v.], qui étaient promus pour servir comme vizirs. Plus tard, le vi…

Sand̲j̲aḳ

(2,561 words)

Author(s): Deny, J. | Kunt, M.
(t.), a Turkish term with various significations. (1) flag, standard, banner (Arabic liwāʾ ), especially of a large size (more important than the bayraḳ , Ar. rāya or ʿalam ) and suitable for fixing in the ground or hoisting permanently on a monument or a ship; (2) (nautical term) ensign; pennant ( ikind̲j̲i sand̲j̲aḳ ), starboard; (3) formerly a military fief or k̲h̲āṣṣ [ q.v.] of a certain extent in the Ottoman empire; (4) a Turkish administrative and territorial division; (5) (in the expression sand̲j̲aḳ tikeni or dikeni , from the Turkish translation of Burhān-i ḳāṭiʿ

Sand̲j̲aḳ

(2,571 words)

Author(s): Deny, J. | Kunt, M.
(t.), mot turc offrant des sens divers: 1) drapeau, étendard, bannière (arabe liwāʾ), surtout de grandes dimensions (plus important que le bayraḳ, ar. rāya ou ʿalam) et pouvant être planté, dans le sol ou arboré d’une façon permanente sur un monument ou un bateau; 2) (terme maritime) pavillon; guidon ( ikind̲j̲i sand̲j̲ak); tribord; 3) (anciennement) fief militaire ou k̲h̲āṣṣ [ q.v.] d’une certaine étendue dans l’Empire Ottoman; 4) division territoriale et administrative turque; 5) (dans l’expression sand̲j̲aḳ tikeni ou dikeni, d’après la traduction turque du Burhān-i ḳāṭiʿ, 88) …