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[English version] (Ἀχραδοῦς). Nach Steph. Byz. s. v. A. att. Demos. Ἀχραδούσιος/ Achradúsios (Aristoph. Eccl. 362) wird als Verballhornung von Acherdus erklärt [1. 336], doch ist A. auch IG II2 2776 Z. 195 belegt, evtl. als unselbständige Kome von Ionidai [2. 53]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Whitehead 2 H. Lohmann, Atene, 1993.

[English version] (Κυδαντίδαι). Att. Mesogeia(?)-Demos der Phyle Aigeis, ab 224/3 v.Chr. der Ptolemaïs; stellte einen (zwei) buleutaí. Lage ungewiß, vorgeschlagen wurden Vurva [1. 173; 4. 24ff.], Kato Charvati [2], Mendeli [3]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 P. Siewert, Die Trittyen Attikas und die Heeresreform des Kleisthenes, 1982 2 Traill, Attica 15f., 41, 62, 69, 111 Nr. 79, Tab. 2, 13 3 J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 128 mit Anm. 17 4 E. Vanderpool, The Location of the Attic Deme Erchia, in: BCH 89, 1965, 21-26.

[English version] (Γαργηττός). Att. Mesogeia-Demos der Phyle Aigeis, ab 307/6 v.Chr. der Antigonis. Er stellte vier (schon IG I3 1040), später sieben buleutaí . Name vorgriech. [1. 1336]. Ein Demendekret von Hagios Giorgios bei Ieraka sichert seine Lage im Defilee zw. Hymettos und Pentelikon östl. Pallene und bezeugt ein Heiligtum des Dionysos als Aufstellungsort [2. 41; 3. 127]. G. war neben Acharnai, Paiania und Pallene Mitglied im Kultverband der Athena Pallenis (Athen. 234f-235c; [4. 18546]), der Heros G. galt als Vater des Ion, des Heros von Ionidai (Paus. 6,22,7). Lohmann,…

(Λαύρειον, Λαύριον). [English version] A. Allgemeines L. bezeichnet ebenso das att. Bergbaurevier in SO-Attika insgesamt wie einen dortigen Grubendistrikt. Da L. etym. mit λαύρα/ laúra (Hom. Od. 22,128; 22,137) von myk. ra-u-ra-ta zu verbinden ist, verdankt das Gebiet offenbar schon früh dem Stollen seinen Namen. Das L. bildet als bedeutendstes Bergbaurevier der griech. Ant. mit seinen Gruben, Erzwäschen, Hüttenplätzen, Siedlungen, Gräbern und Heiligtümern ein Kulturdenkmal von Weltrang. Nach schweren Verwüstungen durch die erneute Wiedera…

[English version] (Μαραθών). Großer att. Paralia-Demos der Phyle Aiantis, 10 (?) buleutaí , in einem weiten Küstenhof an der Ostküste von Attika, Hauptort der att. Tetrapolis (M., Oinoe, Probalinthos, Trikorynthos), nicht identisch mit dem h. Marathonas; der Name ist vorgriech. Bed. prähistor., ant. und frühchristl. Reste an verschiedenen Stellen der Ebene (Karte [10. 223 Abb. 271]): neolithische und FH Siedlung bei Nea Makri (Probalinthos?) [8; 9; 10. 219], FH Siedlung bei Kato Souli (Tr…

[English version] (Πανιόνιον). Zentralheiligtum der ionischen amphiktyonía auf der Mykale (Hdt. 1,142f.; 148; h. Dilek Yarımadası), die hier das Fest der Paniṓnia mit einer panḗgyris (“Festversammlung”) und mit Stieropfer für Poseidon Helikonios (d.h. von Helike: Strab. 8,7,2) beging (Hom. Il. 20, 403f.). Dem Marmor Parium (IG XII 5, 444) zufolge 1086/5 v.Chr. gegr. (vgl. Paus. 7,4,10), nach Kleiner [1. 9] erst anläßlich der Zerstörung von Melia (auf dessen Gebiet das P. lag) zw. 663 und 657 v.Chr., gehörte das P. seitdem zu Priene (IPriene Nr. 37; Vitr. 4,1,4) und wurde …

[English version] (Κωλιὰς ἄκρα). Kap an der Westküste von Attika [1] im Demos Halimus, h. Hagios Kosmas, mit FH-Siedlung [3; 4]. Hier trieben nach der Seeschlacht von Salamis 480 v.Chr. Wrackteile der pers. Flotte an (Hdt. 8,96). Ein Heiligtum der Demeter Thesmophoros bezeugen Plutarch (Solon 8,4), Pausanias (1,31,1) und Hesychios (s.v. Κ.) [2. 100]. Den Kult der Aphrodite Kolias lokalisiert Strab. 9,1,21 fälschlich in Anaphlystos. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J. Day, Cape Colias, Phalerum and the Phaleric Wall, in: AJA 36, 1932, 1-11 2 G. Karo, Arch. Funde, in: AA 193…

[English version] (Βερενικίδαι). Att. Demos der 224/23 v.Chr. konstituierten Phyle Ptolemais, benannt nach Berenike, Gattin Ptolemaios' III. Euergetes. Evtl. bei Eleusis gelegen (vgl. die Grabinschr. IG II2 5868 aus Mandra und IG II2 5888 aus Eleusis). Der Sprecher des Demendekrets(?) IG II2 1221 (FO: Eleusis) stammt aus B. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 29f., 109 (Nr. 25), Tab. 13.

[English version] (Διόμεια). Att. Paralia(?)-Demos der Phyle Aigeis, von 307/6 bis 201/0 v.Chr. der Demetrias. Ein Buleut. In D., das außerhalb der Mauern von Athen südl. des Ilissos zw. Alopeke im Süden und Ankyle im Osten lag [1], befand sich unweit des Diomeischen Tores (Alki. 3,51,4; Hesych. s.v. Δημίαισι πύλαις; [2. 83, 112, 160 Abb. 219 “X”) das Herakles-Heiligtum und Gymnasium in Kynosarges (Diog. Laert. 6,13; [2. 340f.]). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 W. Judeich, Top. von Athen, 21932, 169f. Abb. 14 2 Travlos, Athen. Traill, Attica 7, 16, 39, 62, 69, 110 Nr. 3…

[English version] (Ἰλισός, Ἰλισσός). Neben dem Kephisos Hauptfluß der Ebene von Athen (Strab. 9,1,24), der am NW-Hang des Hymettos entspringt und am S-Rand von Athen nach SW zieht (h. vollständig überbaut und wie im Alt. nicht perennierend). Strittig ist, ob der I. bei Phaleron ins Meer oder nördl. des Peiraieus in den Kephisos mündete [2. 164 Abb. 213]. Nebenfluß des I. war der Eridanos (Paus. 1,19,5). Am I. lagen das Stadion von Athen und mehrere Tempel [2. 112, 278, 289ff. Abb. 379]. Brücken üb…

[English version] (Φλύα). Großer att. Mesogeia-Demos der Phyle Kekropis, ab 224/3 v.Chr. der Ptolemaïs, mit fünf? (sechs?) buleutaí, beim h. Chalandri im NO von Athen, angrenzend an Athmonon (IG II2 2776,49). Neben zahlreichen Kulten (Apollon, Artemis, Athena, Zeus, Nymphen: Paus. 1,34,4; [1]) sind für Ph. ländliche Dionysia bezeugt (Isaios 8,15f.). Nach der Zerstörung durch die Perser erneuerte Themistokles das uralte, von den Lykomidai betreute Heiligtum der “Großen Göttin” (Plut. Themistokles 1,4; Paus. 4,1,7). Aus Ph. s…

[English version] (Ἁμαξάντεια). Att. Paralia?-Demos der Phyle Hippothontis, stellte einen buleutḗs . Lage unbekannt. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 51, 68, 110 Nr. 52, Tab. 8  J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 138  Whitehead, 372 Anm. 6.

[English version] (Ἄφιδνα, Ἀφίδναι). Großer att. Demos, einziger der Mesogeia-Trittys der Phyle Aiantis [1], dann der Ptolemais, ab 126/27 n. Chr. der Hadrianis. 16 Buleutai. Der schon in mittelhelladischer Zeit bedeutende Siedlungsplatz auf dem Großen Kotroni (von Strab. 9,1,20 zur att. Dodekapolis gerechnet [2. 330 ff., bes. 338 Nr. 6]) mit eigener Mythentradition (Aphidnos) ist nahezu unerforscht. Das Demengebiet von A. umfaßte eine Anzahl namentlich bekannter Siedlungen (Eunostidai, Hyporeia, Klopidai, Perrhidai, Pe…

[English version] (Ὀτρύνη). Att. Asty-Demos der Phyle Aigeis; mit einem buleutḗs. Lage ungewiß, die Verbindung mit Fischen bei Athen. 7,309e ist top. wertlos [1]. Zu einem Fall von Bürgerrechtserschleichung in O. vgl. Demosth. or. 44,37 [2. 297]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 D. Schaps, Antiphanes Frg. 206 and the Location of the Deme O., in: CPh 77, 1982, 327f. 2 Whitehead, Index s.v. O. W.E. Thompson, Kleisthenes and Aigeis, in: Mnemosyne 22, 1969, 137-152  Traill, Attica, 16f., 40, 69, 111 Nr. 97, Tab. 2  J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 127.

[English version] (Βῆσ(σ)α). Attischer Paralia-Demos der Phyle Antiochis, später der Hadrianis. Zwei Buleutai. Bedeutendes Bergbaurevier im Laurion, für das 24 Grubenpachten bezeugt sind. Wohl beim h. Hagios Konstantinos (ehemals Kamareza) gelegen, denn Xen. vect. 4,43 empfiehlt den Bau einer Festung auf dem höchsten Punkt von B. (= Vigla Rimbari?) halbwegs zw. Anaphlystos und Thorikos. B. grenzte also im Süden an Amphitrope, im Norden an Thorikos, im Osten und Südosten an Sunion, mit dem es durch die astikḗ hodós verbunden war. Straßenverbindungen zu anderen Revieren be…

[English version] (Ἀγγελή). Att. Paralia-Demos der Phyle Pandionis mit 2 (3), später 4 Buleutai; Lage nordöstl. vom h. Markopulo sichern der h. Ortsname Angelisi, der Fundort von IG II/III 5230 und ein Horos vom Hain des eponymen Heros von A., Angelos [1. 9, Nr. 7]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J. Kirchner, S. Dow, Inschr. vom att. Lande, in: MDAI(A) 62, 1937, 1-12 2 Traill, Attica, 17 f., 42, 59, 62, 68, 109 Nr. 13, Tab. 3.

[English version] (Αἰγάλεως). Höhenzug (bis 458 m) zw. den Ebenen von Athen und Eleusis (Thuk. 2,19; partiell zum Demos Kolonos gehörig: FGrH 334 Istros fr. 17), von dem aus Xerxes 480 v. Chr. die Seeschlacht bei Salamis verfolgte (Hdt. 8,90,4). Im Alt. mit Wald (Stat. Theb. 12,620) oder Macchie bedeckt (Kall. fr. 238,23 Pf.; Suda s. v. μᾶσσον). Vom Parnes durch einen Paß bei Fili (früher Chassia) getrennt, den das sog. Dema abriegelt, bildet der A. im Süden ein weiteres Defilee beim Kloster Daphn…

[English version] (Ἀνάφλυστος). Att. Paralia-Demos der Phyle Antiochis (10 Buleutai) im Küstenhof von Anavysso in Südwestattika zw. Aigilia im Westen, Atene im Südosten, Amphitrope im Osten; die astikḗ hodós, die Staatsstraße von Athen nach Sunion bzw. das Rhevma Maresas /Ari bildeten die Grenze zu Phrearrioi im Nordwesten. Siedlungsspuren seit neolithischer Zeit; auf der Halbinsel Hagios Nikolaos (Astypalaia: Strab. 9,1,21) bedeutende mittelhelladischer Siedlungsplatz. Ein reiches mittelgeom. Grab [2. 78 ff.] in der Nekro…

[German version] (Ἀγγελή; Angelḗ). Attic   paralia deme of the phyle Pandionis with two (three), later four bouleutai; its location north-east of the modern Markopulo is verified by the modern place name of Angelisi, by the finding place of IG II/III 5230, and by a   horos from the grove of Angelus, the eponymous hero of A. [1. 9, no. 7]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J. Kirchner, S. Dow, Inschr. vom att. Lande, in: MDAI(A) 62, 1937, 1-12 2 Traill, Attica, 17 f., 42, 59, 62, 68, 109 no. 13, table 3.

[German version] (Ἁδριανίς; Hadrianís). Last of the five post-Cleisthenian  phyles of Attica, set up in AD 127/8 in honour of emperor Hadrian. Each of the 12 phyles at the time (10 Cleisthenian, Ptolemais, Attalis) gave the H. a deme. To this the new deme  Antinoeis was added in AD 130 after the death of  Antinous [2]. The trittyes played no part in the formation of the post-Cleisthenian phyles. The proportional representation of the demes in the phyles had been abandoned in 201/200 BC. The imperial lists of bouleutai for the individual demes therefore show an inhomogenous picture. …

[German version] (Αἰθαλίδαι; Aithalídai). Attic mesogeia deme of the phyle  Leontis (IG II2 1742), later of the Antigonis. Two bouleutai. Of uncertain location, possible connection with  Eupyridae,  Cropidae, and  Peleces [2; 3. 45, map 1]. For the inscription on the grave of an Aethalides near the modern Marathon, see [4. 319, n. 2]. With 94 recorded names, it is mentioned surprisingly frequently [1. 59]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. W. Gomme, The Population of Athens, 1933 2 A. Milchhoefer, s. v. A., RE 1, 1092 f. 3 Traill, Attica, 8, 45, 68, 109 (no. 6), 13…

[German version] (Κειριάδαι; Keiriádai). Attic asty deme of the phyle Hippothontis, two   bouleutaí . Its location outside the wall of Athens west of the Hill of the Nymphs and the Pnyx [2. 51] (today Ano Petralona) is verified by the Βάραθρον ( Bárathron), a gorge in C., into which those condemned to death were thrown (Anecd. Bekk. 1,219,10) [1].  Athens Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Th. Thalheim, s.v. Βάραθρον, RE 2, 2853 2 Traill, Attica, 51; 69; 110 no. 62, table 8 3 Whitehead, 26, 83.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Attica (Τυρμεῖδαι; Tyrmeîdai). Small Attic mesogeia(?) deme of the Oineis, from 200/199 BC of the Attalis (Attalus [4] I), one (two) bouleutaí. In 360/59 and 335/4 BC T. did not send a council member. Its precise location is not known. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica 9, 19, 49, 70, 78, 112 no. 141 tab. 6, 14  J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 15, 134, 143 f., 149.

(Ἰκάριον/ Ikárion; Ἰκαρία/ Ikária only Steph. Byz. s.v. Ἰ.). [German version] [1] Att. mesogeia deme of the phyle Aegeis Attic mesogeia deme of the phyle Aegeis, from 307/6 to 201 of Antigonis, after 200 BC of Attalis, on the north-east slope of mount  Pentelicon (modern Dioniso). Only one deme named I. is recorded [7. 115 no. 16]. With five (six) bouleutaí, medium-sized, but (through cult business?) prosperous [9. 160 n. 77, 163]. In 1888/9, the Dionysus sanctuary [9. 221] with one of the oldest theatres in Attica [2; 3; 8] and archaic cult image of Dionysus (IG I3 254, IG II2 2851 [5; 9. …

[German version] (Φάληρον; Phálēron). Shallow bay to the east of Piraeus before the latter's expansion as the chief port of Athens (Hdt. 5,63; 5,85; 6,116; 8,66f.; 8,91ff.; 9,32; Paus. 1,1,2), modern Kallithea/Moschato/Palaia Phaliro. Also a large Attic asty-deme of the Aeantis phyle with 9 (13) bouleutaí. The location of the ancient centre of the deme is disputed [1; 2. 25ff.; 3; 5], the question of the ancient coastline [5; 8. 340] can be clarified only with geoscientific methods. In the 5th cent. BC the 'Phaleric Wall' connected Athens …

[German version] (Δωδεκάπολις; Dōdekápolis, ‘Twelve Town’). Name of several, not always historically verifiable, Greek leagues of towns 1. Hdt. 1,145 mentions  Aegae [2],  Aegira,  Aegium,  Bura,  Dyme,  Helice [1],  Olenus,  Patrae,  Pharaea and  Tritaea [2] as members of the Achaean dodekapolis, which the Achaeans are said to have taken from the Iones when they drove them out. 2. On the Aeolian dodekapolis cf. Aeoles [2]. 3. According to Hdt. 1,142, in the 6th cent. BC the Ionian dodekapolis consisted of  Chios,  Ephesus,  Erythrae,  Clazomenae,  Colophon,  Lebedus,  M…

(Λαύρειον, Λαύριον; Laúreion, Laúrion). [German version] A. General L. refers to the Attic mining district in south-east Attica as a whole as well as to a specific mining complex within that district. As L. can be etymologically linked with λαύρα/ laúra (Hom. Od. 22,128; 22,137) from the Mycenaean ra-u-ra-ta, it seems that from very early on the region owed its name to the mine. The most important mining district of Greek antiquity, L. with its mines, ore-washeries, furnaces, settlements, graves and sanctuaries is a cultural monument of global importance. Se…

[German version] (Κωλιὰς ἄκρα; Kōlías ákra). Cape at the western coast of Attica [1] in the deme Halimus, modern Hagios Cosmas, with an Early Helladic settlement [3; 4]. This is where wreckage from the naval battle of Salamis (480 BC) was washed ashore (Hdt. 8,96). A sanctuary of Demeter Thesmophoros is attested by Plutarch (Solon 8,4), Pausanias (1,31,1), and Hesychius (s.v. Κ.) [2. 100]. The cult of Aphrodite Colias is localized by Str. 9,1,21 incorrectly in Anaphlystus. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J. Day, Cape Colias, Phalerum and the Phaleric Wall, in: AJA 36, 1932, 1-11 2 G. …

[German version] (Βατή; Batḗ). Attic asty(?)-demos (  asty ) of the phyle Aegeis; one (two) bouleutes/ai. Location unknown (near Ambelokipi?); the decree of the mesogeioi IG II2 1245, found near the Acharnaean Gate, i.e. at the street corner of Sophokleous and Aiolou, does not aid the localization of B. In IG II2 2776 Z. 53, an σχαστηρία is pawned in B. [1. 81] (further documentary evidence for σχαστηρίαι [1. 8123]). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 S. G. Miller, A Roman Monument in the Athenian Agora, in: Hesperia, 41, 1972, 50-95. Traill, Attica, 5, 7, 15f., 39, 69, 109 (n…

[German version] (Ἀνακαία; Anakaía). Attic deme of the phyle  Hippothontis (IG II2 2377), with its geographical centre around  Eleusis and in Thriasia. Three bouleutai. Trittys and location uncertain, possibly near Mygdaleza [2. 137] or in the Kundura valley with a deme centre at Hagios Giorgios [1. 61 ff.]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 H. Lohmann, Das Kastro von H. Giorgios (‘Ereneia’), in: MarbWPr 1988, 34-66 2 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986 3 Id., Attica, 52, 68, 109 (no. 11), table 8.

[German version] (Ξυπέτη; Xypétē). Attic asty deme of the Cecropis phyle, from 307/6 until 201 BC of the Demetrias [2] phyle, seven bouleutaí; with Peiraeus, Phalerum and Thymaetadae, X. formed the cult federation of the tetrákōmoi with a common Herakleion at Peiraeus. Its location between this sanctuary and Phalerum at modern Kallithea-Moschato is certain. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography E. Meyer, s. v. X., RE 9 A, 2178-2182  Traill, Attica, 11, 50, 67, 112 No. 142, Table 7, 12  J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 5, 13, 14, 24, 115, 134  Whitehead, Index s. v. X.

[German version] (Κοθωκίδαι; Kothōkídai). Attic paralia deme of the Oeneis phyle, from 307/6 to 200 BC of the Demetrias, with two bouleutaí. Probably c. 6 km north-east of Eleusis near Hagios Ioannis in Goritsa north of Aspropyrgos, the provenance of tomb inscription IG II2 6481 [1; 2. 49].  Aeschines [2] was from C. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 E. Honigmann, s.v. K., RE 11, 1516 2 Traill, Attica 9, 19, 49, 62, 68, 111 no. 76, table 6, 12.

[German version] (Κορυδαλλός, Korydallós). Attic asty deme of the Hippothontis phyle, from 200 BC of Attalis, the mountains of the same name (Str. 9,14; 23; Diod. Sic. 4,59,5; Ath. from 9,390ab; Ael. NA 3,25 [2]); one (?) bouleutḗs. The deme centre suspected [2] near Palaiokastro/Palaiochora. The so-called ‘heroa’ [1; 2. 10ff.] are farmsteads, not the sanctuary of the Kore Soteira attested by Ammonius ( Perì diapheroýsōn léxeōn 84, s.v. Κόρυδος valckenaer). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 E. Honigmann, s.v. Korydallos, RE 10, 1447 2 A. Milchhoefer, Erläuternder Text, …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Lycii, Lycia (Πίσιλις/ Písilis). Fortified settlement in southeastern Caria between Calynda and Caunus on Baba Dağ near Sarıgerme. The ruins on the bay below belong to the Byzantine town of Prepia. Only mention: Str. 14,2,2. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography H. Lohmann, Zw. Kaunos und Telmessos, in: Orbis Terrarum 5, 1999, 43-83.

[German version] (Ἁγνοῦς; Hagnoûs, originally Ἀγνοῦς; Agnoûs). Attic mesogeia deme of the Acamantis phyle, from 307/6 BC of Demetrias, from 200/199 BC of Attalis; it provided five   bouleutaí . Formerly located near Dankla east of Markopoulo [1. 48], now to the southwest near Dardiste [2. 132], on the basis of the finding-place of the deme decree IG II2 1083 attributed erroneously in this collection to Myrrhinus. Leon, who had betrayed to Theseus the ambush of the Pallantids at Gargettus, was accorded a cult in H. (Steph. Byz. s.v. Ἁ.) [3. 12]. The o…

[German version] (Σφηττός; Sphēttós). Attic mesogeia deme of the Acamantis phyle, with five (seven) bouleutaí, counted part of the Attic Dodekapolis (Str. 9,1,20), and located, on the basis of honorary inscriptions by the  Sphettii for Demetrius [4] (SEG 25, 206), in the northwest of Coropi; the Bronze Age fortress Kastro tou Christou is situated here [1]. The Sphēttía Hodós ('S. Road' ) connected S. with Athens [2]. The Sphettii were considered witty (Aristoph. Plut. 720). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 R. Hope Simpson, Mycenaean Greece, 1981, 50 B 33 2 Ch. Korres, Σφηττία…

[German version] (Παιονίδαι/ Paionídai). Attic mesogeia deme of the Leontis phyle on the Parnes, with three bouleutaí. According to Hdt. 5,62, the fortress of Leipsydrium (which has not yet been located), was above P. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 47, 62, 68, table 4  J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 55, 63, 130  Whitehead, Index s.v. P.

[German version] (Κεκροπίς; Kekropís). After the phyle reforms of  Cleisthenes [2] the seventh of the 10 phyles of Attica ( Attica with map); its eponymous hero:  Cecrops. At the time of the 10 phyles, C. comprised 11 (four asty, five mesogeia, and two paralia) demes. From 307/6 to 201/0 BC, Daedalidae, Melite and Xypete changed over to Demetrias. In line with the other Cleisthenian phyles, C. transferred one deme each to the phyles of Ptolemaïs (224/3 BC), Attalis (200 BC), and Hadrianis (AD 127/8). Instead of eight, only six demes appear in the list of prytanes IG II2 1782 of AD 177/8. …

[German version] (Ῥαμνοῦς; Rhamnoûs). Large Attic Paralia-Demos, phyle Aiantis, with eight (twelve) bouleutaí, in the northern section of the east coast of Attica (formerly Ovriokastro). The urban centre of Ῥαμνουσία/ Rhamnousía, strongly fortified during the 4th cent. BC and including a citadel from 413/2 BC [3. 77 f., 80 f.] for the garrison, first documented for 342/1 BC (SEG 43,71), lies on an isolated rocky plateau. Conquered in 295 BC by Demetrius [I 2] Poliorketes, R. soon fell to Athens again and was a base for the a…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Sparta | Achaeans, Achaea (Σελ(λ)ασία/ Sel(l)asía). Polis (Diod. 15,64,1) of Spartan períoikoi in the Oenus [1] valley about 10 km to the north of Sparta and 5 km to the east of the modern town of S., governing northern access into Laconica. There is evidence of a fortified settlement on the hill of Palaiogoulas with finds from the 5th-2nd cent. BC, and a phroúrion ('fortress') on Mt. Hagios Konstantinos at an elevation of 831 m [1; 3]. S. was destroyed in 389/8 BC by Chabrias, after the battle of Leuctr…

[German version] (Ἑστιαία; Hestiaía). Attic asty deme of the Aegis phyle, with one bouleutḗs, given the road connexion with Ancyle (Harpocr. s.v. τρικέφαλον) presumably northeast of Athens at Cholargus. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 39, 70, 110 no. 55, table 2 Id., Demos and Trittys, 1986, 127.

[German version] (Κηδοί; Kēdoí). Attic deme of the phyle Erechtheis, two   bouleutaí . Its location is uncertain, hardly near Kara (as in [3]), the finding place of the deme decree IG II2 1212, which apparently was released neither by C. nor by Themacus [4. 392]. Epitaphs point to a possible location east of the  Hymettus range, possibly near Koropi: [1. 100 no. 118, 103 no. 137; 2]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. Milchhoefer, Antikenbericht aus Attika, in: MDAI(A) 12, 1887, 81-104 2 Traill, Attica, 7; 38; 69; 110 no. 61, table 1 3 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 125 4 Whi…

[German version] (Τιτακίδαι; Titakídai). Kṓmē in the area of the 'constitutional' Attic deme of Aphidna, which moved with the latter from the phyle of Aeantis [1] (Harpocr. s. v. Τ.; EM s. v. Τ.; Steph. Byz. s. v. Τ.: Antiochis) to Ptolemaïs [10] (IG II2 2050 Z. 74; 2067 Z. 63; [1. 50 no. 18]) in 224/3 BC. T. was not an independent deme until the Roman period. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J. H. Oliver, Greek Inscriptions, in: Hesperia 11, 1942, 29-103. Traill, Attica, 30, 88, 122 No. 42  Whitehead, 24 n. 83; 329.

[German version] (Ἰουστινιανόπολις; Ioustinianópolis). Place on the peninsula of Miletus ( Milesia), first mentioned in an inscription of the time of Justinian from the Sacred Way in  Didyma (unpublished). Possibly identical with Didyma, which, however, in Byzantine sources always appears as Tò Hierón (Τὸ Ἱερόν, from this Turkish Jeronda), or with a deserted city discovered in 1995 on the Gulf of Akbük [1. 304f.]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 H. Lohmann, Survey in der Chora von Milet, in: AA 1997, 285-311.

[German version] (Πήληκες; Pḗlēkes). Attic deme in the mesogaia of the phyle Leontis, with two bouleutaí. Along with Cropidae and Eupyridae P. constituted a cultural trikōmía ("three village union"; Steph. Byz. s.v. Εὐπυρίδαι/ Eurypídai; [2. 185 with n. 46]) and was thus probably situated north of the Aegaleos (near modern Chassia? [1. 47]). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Traill, Attica, 47, 62, 69, 111 no. 104, Tab. 4 2 Whitehead, Index s.v. P.

[German version] (Φλύα; Phlýa). Large Attic Mesogeia deme belonging to the Cecropis phyle and from 224/3 BC on to the Ptolemaïs phyle, with five? (six?) bouleutaí; located at modern Chalandri northeast of Athens, bordering Athmonon (IG II2 2776,49). In addition to numerous cults (Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Zeus, Nymphs: Paus. 1,34,4; [1]), rural Dionysia are attested for P. (Isaius 8,15f.). After its destruction by the Persians Themistocles renewed the age-old sanctuary to the 'Great Goddess' attended by the Lycomidae (Plut. Themist…

[German version] (Ἰφιστιάδαι; Iphistiádai). Attic asty deme of the phyle Acamantis, providing one bouleutes. A plot of land owned by Plato was immediately adjacent in the south to the Herakleion of I. (Diog. Laert. 3,41), which according to a horos-inscription (IG II2 2611) is to be located 4 km southwest of Cephisia on the southwestern edge of the modern Iraklion (formerly Arakli) and which has retained its ancient name [1; 2; 3. 47]. An eponymous hero Iphistius is confirmed in Hesychius s.v. Ἰ. [4. 210]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 G. Klaffenbach, Zwei neue Horosstein…

[German version] (Ὑβάνδα; Hybánda). Former island in the  Icarian Sea (Plin. HN 2,91), modern Özbaşı 13.5 km south of Söke, which rises about 70 m above the  Maiandrou pedion. The Maeander [2], 1 km southeast of Özbaşı, today follows the ancient coast line. The extent of Hybandis, the chṓra of H., is uncertain. In the east it extended to the river Hybandus (modern Kargın Çayı), which a peace agreement fixed in 185/80 BC as the boundary between Miletus [2] and Magnesia [2] [1; 2]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 P. Herrmann, Neue Urkunden zur Geschichte von Milet im 2. Jh. …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Lycii, Lycia (Λύδαι; Lýdai). Place in Lycia (see map) on the south-west coast of Asia Minor on the Gulf of Telmessus, 2,4 km west of Fethiye (Ptol. 5,3,2; GGM 1, 494f. no. 259f., Κλύδαι; Klýdai). The identification has been secured by inscriptions (TAM 2,1 no. 41, 49). Extended Imperial and early Byzantine ruins on the cape Kapı Dağ (possibly the ancient Cape Artemisium: Str. 14,2,2) as well as the nearby Tersane Adası. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography G. E. Bean, s.v. L., PE, 536 Id., Kleinasien 4, 1980, 43-45 P. Roos, Topograp…

[German version] (Φηγοῦς; Phēgoûs). Attic mesogeia (?) deme of the Erechtheis phyle, with one bouleutḗs. Demotikon Φηγούσιος/ Phēgoúsios (Steph. Byz. s.v. Φ.). Location unknown. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 38, 62, 70, 112 Nr. 110, Tab. 1  J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 126.

[German version] (Πίθος). Attic Mesogeia deme of the Cecropis phyle with three (four or five) bouleutaí, probably in the northeast of Chalandri. There is evidence of Thesmophória in P. (Isaeus 8,19f.). P formed an association with the neighbouring demes of Gargettus and Pallene [3] for the cult of Athena Pallenis. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 51, 59, 62, 68, 112 Nr. 115, Tab. 7  J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 4, 11, 13f., 21f., 24f., 13534  Whitehead, Index s.v. P.

[German version] (Λουσία; Lousía). Attic deme of the asty trittys of the phyle Oineis and its eponymous heroine (Steph. Byz. s.v. Λ.) [1], one bouleutḗs. Presumably located in the Kephissos valley west of Athens. Funerary inscriptions of a ‘ Lousieus’ in Hag. Theodoroi in Nea Liossia (IG II2 6756); earth for the building of the Eleusinion of Athens came from L. (IG II2 1672 l. 195). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Whitehead, 210. Traill, Attica, 49, 69, 111 no. 86 table 6 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 133 P. Siewert, Die Trittyen Attikas und die Heeresreform des Kleisth…

[German version] (Πρόσπαλτα/ Próspalta). Attic mesogeia deme, phyle Akamantis, from 224/3 BC Ptolemaïs, with five bouleutaí, located at Enneapyrgi northwest of Kalivia Kuvaras, the site where several funerary inscriptions of Prospáltioi were found (IG II2 7306; 7311; [2. 129, 1292]). Pausanias mentions a sanctuary of Demeter and Kore at P. (Paus. 1,31,1). IG II2 4817 (site: Hagios Petros) was probably transported here from Myrrhinus, where the cult of Artemis Kolainis is attested [1. 9 ff.]. Eupolis criticizes Pericles' war policy in the comedy Prospáltioi (the inhabitants o…

[German version] Terracing is used worldwide in settlement areas with considerably variable surface relief to extend the usable agricultural area and increase yields, and to this day it characterizes the appearance of many Greek landscapes. By reshaping steep slopes into a number of gently sloping or horizontal steps, water retention is improved, root formation is promoted, soil erosion is retarded and working the land is made easier. Most terraces in the Mediterranean may have their origin in the…

[German version] (Ἐρχία; Erchía). Attic mesogeia deme of the Aegeis phyle; the modern Spata. Seven (six)  bouleutai, eleven after 307/6 BC. Xenophon (Diog. Laert. 2,48) and Isocrates (Steph. Byz. s.v. E.) were demótai of E.; Alcibiades possessed 300 plethra ( c. 26.5 ha.) of land in E. The lex sacra of E. from Pussiri south of Spata (SEG 21, 541; [1-7]) lists 59 annual sacrifices at a total cost of 547 drachmas. 21 of the 46 cults are generally situated in the territory of E. (Ἐρχι, Ἐρχιᾶ, Ἐρχιᾶσιν): one on the agora of E.; nine of them ἐμ Πάγῳ, i.e. on a hill at E., which Vanderpool…

[German version] (Ἁλιμοῦς; Halimoûs). Attic asty-deme of the phyle Leontis, with three   bouleutaí (for population size [4. 286]), according to Str. 9,1,21 located on the west coast of Attica between Phalerum and Aexone 35 stadia (= 6.2 km) from the city (Dem. Or. 57,10). H., which bordered Euonymon in the east, lay near the modern Halimos and Hagios Kosmas, the ancient cape  Colias with the sanctuary of Demeter Thesmophoros and Kore (Paus. 1,31,1; Hsch. s.v. Κωλιάς; [1-3]; prehistorical s…

(Εἰτέα; Eitéa). [German version] [1] Attic asty (?) deme of the phyle Acamantis Attic asty(?) deme of the phyle Acamantis, from 307/6 to 201/0 BC of Antigonis, from AD 126/7 that of Hadrianis. Two bouleutai. The location is unknown (north-east Attica? [3. 140-142]). The fact that it belonged to the city trittys of Acamantis is deduced from the inscriptions [1] and IG II2 2363 ([2. 101]). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 B. D. Meritt, J. S. Traill, in: Agora 15, 50ff. no. 42 2 J. S. Traill, Diakris, the Inland Trittys of Leontis, in: Hesperia 47, 1978, 89-109 3 Id., Demos and Trit…

[German version] (Πλώθεια/ Plṓtheia; demoticon Πλωθεεύς/ Plōtheeús, Πλωθειεύς/ Plōtheieús, from the 4th century BC Πλωθεύς/ Plōtheús). A small Attic asty-deme, phyle of Aigeis, one bouleutḗs (later two). Its site to the southwest of modern Stamata on the northeastern slopes of Mount  Pentelicon is certain from votive inscriptions (IG II2 4607, 4885, 4916). The deme decree IG I3 258 (425/413 BC, ex IG II2 1172) governs finances, and attests to a dḗmarchos [3], tamíai ( tamías ) and cults of Apollo, Aphrodite and the Dioscuri (Anaces). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attic…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Attica (Θυμαιτάδαι; Thymaitádai). Attic asty deme of the Hippothontis phyle, two bouleutaí, probably to the northwest of Piraeus on the Bay of Keratsini, modern Ormos Erakleus. With Piraeus, Phaleron and Xypete, T. formed the tetrákōmoi cult federation (Poll. 4,105; IG II2 3102 f.) with a central sanctuary to Heracles (Steph. Byz. s. v. Ἐχελίδαι). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica 21, 52, 69, 112 No. 138, Tab. 8.

[German version] (Φηγαία/ Phēgaía, Φηγαιά/ Phēgaiá; demotikon Φηγαιεύς/ Phēgaieús). Attic p aralia deme of the phyle of Aigeis, from AD 127/8 of Hadrianis, with three (four) bouleutaí on the east coast of Attica (near what is today Draphi [3. 335] or Ierotsakuli? [1. 82 with note 12]). It was not an independent dêmos, but a kṓmē ('village community'; of Stiria?) that was established by the people of Phegaea, as included in the list of demes IG II2 2362 as one of the demes of Pandionis (cf. Steph. Byz. s.v. Φ.) [2. 55, 57ff.]. IG II2 1932,14f. shows evidence of cults of Hercules and th…

[German version] (Κεραμεῖς; Kerameîs). Attic asty deme of the phyle Acamantis, six   bouleutaí . Provenance from this deme is expressed by ἐκ Κεραμέων ( ek Keraméōn). Sources [1. LXXf.] consistently refer to the place as  Kerameikos. This was called the most beautiful of Athenian suburbs (Thuc. 2,34,5;  Athens, map), and was located inside -- and to the northwest outside -- the Dipylon Gate between Sacred Way to Eleusis and the road to the Academy. The hóroi Kerameíkou alongside the latter (IG II2 2617-2619) probably marked the deme border, contrary to [2. 167; 5. 300; 6. 29109; 7] (for…

[German version] (Ἀτήνη; Atḗnē). Attic paralia deme of average size (three   bouleutai ) of the phyle Antiochis on the south-west tip of Attica; name pre-Greek. Thus far the only deme which has been examined completely within its ancient borders. A. borders Anaphlystus in the north,  Amphitrope in the east (border inscription on the Megalo Baphi). The area of the deme covers, with the valleys of Charaka, Hagia Photini and Thimari, as well as the island Gaidouronisi, around 20 km2, of which only 22% (= 440 ha.) is agriculturally useful. In prehistoric times still not settl…

[German version] (Ἐπικηφισία; Epikēphisía). Attic asty deme of the phyle Oeneis. One (or two) bouleut(ai). The approximate location of E. in the Cephissus valley at  Laciadae is evident from the name and the site where the decree on deme was found IG II2 1205 at Dipylon, see [1. 40]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 P. Siewert, Die Trittyen Attikas und die Heeresreform des Kleisthenes, 1982. Traill, Attica 19, 49, 69, 110 no. 40, table 6 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 133 Whitehead, Index s.v. E.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Mycenaean culture and archaeology | Attica (Βραυρών; Braurṓn), now Vraona. Prehistoric settlement and sanctuary of Artemis on the east coast of Attica at the mouth of the Erasinus that became marshy owing to land subsidence. According to Philochorus in Str. 9,1,22 (FGrH 328 F 94), one of the 12 poleis of the Attic Dodecapolis. Home of Peisistratus, probably therefore it did not become an independent demos in the Cleisthenian reforms but part of Philai…

[German version] (Κοίλη, also Κοιλή; Koílē, Koilḗ). Attic asty Deme of the phyle Hippothontis, from 307/6 to 201/0 BC of the Demetrias, with three bouleutaí, in the originally densely populated ‘rocky Athens’, which was, however, abandoned already in the 4th cent. BC [5], south-west of the Pnyx between the hill of nymphs and the Mouseion, near the Melitian gate [2. 168f.] at the koilḕ hodós [2. 180], where the tombs of  Cimon [1] (Hdt. 6,103) and the historian Thucydides (Marcellinus, Vita Thucydidis 17,55; Paus. 1,23,9) lay. C. offers one of the best pres…

(ἡ Μιλησίη/ hē Milēsíē, Str. 14,1,8; ἡ Μιλησίη χώρα/ hē Milēsíē chōra, Hdt. 5,29). [German version] A. Geography Peninsula of Miletus [2] between the Latmian Gulf in the north and the Gulf of Akbük ( basilicus sinus, Mela 1,16-17; Plin. HN 5,112) in the south, not identical with the entire polis territory of Miletus, which changed repeatedly [2. 13ff.]. After its exploration had been initiated by Th. Wiegand [13; 14], M. and the development of its landscape have been systematically investigated since 1992 [1; 4; 5; 6]. Sections of the eastern upland settled by Cares (Carians), Milesia Hyper…

[German version] (Ἀναγυροῦς; Anagyroûs). Attic   paralia deme of the phyle  Erechtheis. Six (eight) bouleutai. Etymologically, A. is derived from the stinking bean-trefoil (Anagyris foetida L.) which favours sand and deserted plains. Localized by Str. 9,1,21 between Halae Aixonides and Thorae on the south-western coast of Attica. Fish from A. are mentioned in Ath. 7,329c; 8,344e. The votive inscription of Archeneus (IG II2 2825) of A. (IG II2 4906), apart from a Pan grotto in  Hymettus (= nymph grotto of Vari? [7. 447]) mentioned by Synes. Epist. 136 (to this […

[German version] (Διόμεια; Diómeia). Attic paralia(?) deme of the Aegeis phyle, from 307/6 until 201/0 BC of the Demetrias phyle. One  bouleutes. D. was located outside the walls of Athens and south of the Ilissus between Alopece to the South and Ancyle to the East [1], where, not far from the Diomeic Gate (Alci. 3,51,4; Hsch. s.v. Δημίαισι πύλαις; [2. 83, 112, 160 fig. 219 ‘X’), the Hercules sanctuary and gymnasium were situated in  Cynosarges (Diog. Laert. 6,13; [2. 340f.]). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 W. Judeich, Top. von Athen, 21932, 169f. fig. 14 2 Travlos, Athen. Trail…

[German version] (Γαργηττός; Gargēttós). Attic Mesogea deme in the Aegeis phyle, after 307/6 BC in the Antigonis. It provided four (already in IG I3 1040), later seven   bouleutaí . Name pre-Greek [1. 1336]. A decree on the demes of Hagios Giorgios near Ieraka locates it in the marching order between Hymettus and Pentelicum east of Pallene and attests a Dionysus sanctuary as the mustering ground [2. 41; 3. 127]. G. was with Acharnae, Paeania and Pallene a member of the cultic federation of Athena Pallenis (Ath. 234f-235c; [4. 18546]), the hero G. was considered the father of Ion…

[German version] (Κονθύλη; Konthýlē). Attic mesogeia deme of the phyle Pandionis, from 224/3 BC of Ptolemaïs; one   bouleutḗs ; the location is uncertain (Mazareïka? [2; 3. 43]). According to [1. 601ff.], C. formed the cultural association of Tricomi together with Erchia and Cytherus. Sources: Aristoph. Vesp. 233; Phot. s.v. Κοθύλη. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 P. J. Bicknell, Clisthène et Kytherros, in: REG 89, 1976, 599-603 2 M. Petropolakou, E. Pentazos, Ancient Greek Cities 21. Attiki, 1973, 157 no. 25 3 Traill, Attica 43, 62, 69, 111 no. 73, table 3, 13.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Attica (Πάνακτον, Πάνακτος; Pánakton, Pánaktos). Attic border fortress on the southern edge of the Plain of Scurta near modern Prasino (once Kavasala) [2; 3; 4; 5. 224f.; 6], sometimes incorrectly identified with the Gyphtokastro (Eleutherai) in the Kaza Pass. Built before the  Peloponnesian War, in 422 BC P. fell to the Boeotians through treachery (Thuc. 5,3,5), who, in violation of a treaty, demolished it before returning it (Thuc. 5,18,7; 39,2f.;…

[German version] (Κύθηρος; Kýthēros). Attic paralia(?) deme of the Pandionis phyle, from 307/6 to 201 BC of the Antigonis; supplied two bouleutaí. According to Str. 9,1,20, one of the locations belonging to the Attic dodecapolis. Its localisation near Poussi Kalojerou by Traill [3] is methodologically unsustainable; Dem. Or. 42 suggests a site near a city, in a wooded area. In IG II2 2496 three houses belonging to the deme of C. in Piraeus are leased by otherwise unattested Meritai [4. 383 no. 72]. A cult association between Trikomoi, Erchia and C. can scarcely be deduced from IG II2 1213…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Ionic | Oracles | Attica | Athenian League (Second) | Education / Culture | Boeotia, Boeotians (Ὀρωπός/ Orōpós). Coastal town in northwest Attica opposite Eretria, present-day Skala Oropou (for classical remains [1; 5; 6. 304 fig. 378, 379]) and suburb of Oropia, which was a disputed territory between Athens and Boeotia. The principal shrine of Amphiaraus, and site of his oracle, is situated 6 km to the southeast in a narrow wooded valley. Excavations s…

[German version] (Ἀναία; Anaía). Coastal town in Ionia to the north of the Mycale mountains at and near the Byzantine fortress (12th/13th century AD; [3. 65-74]), now called Kadıkale, where [2] found pottery from the 10th-3rd cent. BC. When the Athenians conquered Samos in 365 BC, A., as part of the peraia of Samos [3], was used by the Samians as a place of refuge [1. 44 f.]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Ch. Habicht, Athen, 1995 2 Z. Mercangöz, Kuşadası, Kadıkalesi Kazısı, in: 24. Kazı, Araştırma ve Arkeometri Sempozyumu, 2003 3 W. Müller- Wiener, Mittelalterliche Befest…

[German version] (ἡ/ὁ Πάρνης; hē/ho Párnēs). A mountain range, rich in forests and springs, on the border between Attica and Boeotia, stretching west of the Aegaleos, with the name Pastra, as far as Cithaeron; the modern Parnitha (elevation 1413 m). A number of demes were located at the foot of the P., including Acharnae, Aphidna, Decelea, Paeonidae, Peleces and Phyle. Several fortresses secured the passes to Boeotia in the area of the P.: Decelea with the fort at Katsimidi Pass, Phyle, and Panactum,…

[German version] (Δαιδαλίδαι; Daidalídai). Attic asty deme of the Cecropis phyle, from 307/6 to 201/0 BC of the Demetrias phyle, from AD 126/7 of the Hadrianis. One   bouleutes . With the Daedalion, mentioned only in the poletai inscription [1] and probably the sanctuary of the eponymous hero of D., it bordered to the south with the Alopece deme. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J. Young, Greek Inscriptions, in: Hesperia 10, 1941, 14ff., esp. 20f. no. 1, l. 10f. Traill, Attica 10f., 50, 70, 109 no. 30, table 7, 12, 15 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 14, 135.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Attica (Θημακός; Thēmakós). Attic mesogeia (?) deme, Erechtheis phyle, from 224/3 BC Ptolemaïs, one bouleutḗs; location unknown. IG II2 1212 (finding site: in vico Kara, modern Ilioupoli) is probably not a decree from T., cf. [1]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Whitehead, 392 No. 135. Traill, Attica 15, 38, 62, 69, 75, 112 No. 134, Tab. 1, 13  J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 126.

[German version] (Κέρατα; Kérata). Peaks, named after their peculiar shape (‘horns’) (modern Trikeraton; Trikeri, 470 m), in the mountains on the border between Attica and Megaris east of Eleusis (Diod. Sic. 11,65,1; Plut. Themistocles 13,1; Str. 9,1,11). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography F. Bölte, s.v. K., RE 11, 265f. Philippson/Kirsten, vol. 1, 760; 973.

[German version] (Σαμικόν; Samikón). The biggest fort of Triphylia (western Peloponnese) on the western foothills of Mount Kaiapha, between the modern Agoulinitsa lagoon in the north and lake Kaiapha in the south. This is the location of a cave of the Anigriades [4], spring nymphs of the former river Anigrus ( cf. [2]) with sulphur springs (Str. 8,3,19; Paus. 5,5,11; Schol. Hom. Il. 11,721). Sources: Paus. 5,6,1-3; Pol. 4,77,9; 80,12; Str. 8,3,13; 19 f.; 27. The form Sámos is only attested in Str. 8,3,20 and Schol. Hom. Il. 13,13. S. was probably built by the Eleans in …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Attica (Θοραί; Thoraí). Attic paralia deme, phyle Antiochis, 307/6 - 200 BC Demetrias, four bouleutaí. According to Str. 9,1,21 on the Attic southwest coast between Aegilia (modern Finikia?) and Lamptrae, probably therefore between Lagonisi and Agios Dimitrios ([2. 243 note 10; 3], differently [1]). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 C. W. J. Eliot, Coastal Demes of Attika, 1962, 65-68 2 H. Lauter, Ein ländliches Heiligtum hellenistischer Zeit in Trapuria (Attika), in: AA 1980, 242-255 3 J. S. Traill, Demos…

[German version] (Διακρία; Diakría), also Hyperacria and Epacria. Term for the mountainous northeast of Attica [2], probably also the Attic east coast as far as Brauron, the ancestral home of the  Peisistratids (Pl. Hipparch. 228b; Plut. Solon 10,3; [4. 224]). Supported by a group of Hyperakrioi (Hdt. 1,59) or Diakrioi (Aristot. Ath. Pol. 13,4; [1; 2; 3. 184-188]), Peisistratus [4] established his tyrannis in Athens in 561 BC. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 K. H. Kinzl, Regionalism in Classical Athens?, in: Ancient History Bull. 3, 1989, 5-9 2 R. J. Hopper, 'Plain', 'S…

[German version] (Ἁλίπεδον, Ἁλαί; Halípedon, Halaí). Swampy plain (Hsch. s.v. Ἁ.) North of the main harbour of the Piraeus [1; 2], in 403 BC scene of a defeat of Thrasybulus by the Spartan king Pausanias (Xen. Hell. 2,4,30-34). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 W. Judeich, Top. von Athen, 21931, 425, 426 n. 1 2 W. Kolbe, s.v. H., RE 7, 2268 3 Travlos, Athen 3, 164 fig. 213 (Neophaliron).

[German version] (Κυδαντίδαι; Kydantídai). Attic mesogeia(?)-deme of the phyle Aegeis, from 224/3 BC of Ptolemaïs; placed one (two) bouleutaí. Location unknown; Vurva [1. 173; 4. 24ff.], Kato Charvati [2], Mendeli [3 have been suggested. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 P. Siewert, Die Trittyen Attikas und die Heeresreform des Kleisthenes, 1982 2 Traill, Attica 15f., 41, 62, 69, 111 no. 79, pl. 2, 13 3 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 128 with n. 17 4 E. Vanderpool, The Location of the Attic Deme Erchia, in: BCH 89, 1965, 21-26.

[German version] (Μυρρινοῦς/ Murrhinoûs). Attic paralia deme of the phyle of Pandionis, six (eight) bouleutaí, near modern Merenda. Significant archaeological finds [1; 2; 4]; an incomplete ancient fortification on the Merenda [3]. Two decrees on demes from Myrrhinus (IG II2 1182, 1183) are significant for research on the internal organization of dḗmoi. Apart from a theatre (IG II2 1182, Z. 2-4), they attest to cults of Zeus (IG II2 1183, Z. 32-36), Artemis Colaenis (IG II2 1182 ,Z. 19-21; Paus. 1,31,4; schol. Aristoph. Av. 873) and rural Dionysia (IG II2 1183, l. 36-37). Aristion [2] Loh…

[German version] (Συβρίδαι; Sybrídai). Attic Paralia(?) deme of the Erechtheis phyle, before 307/6 BC with one bouleutḗs in alternation with Pambotadae, near which S. may have been. There is speculation on a connexion with the River Syverus (Siberus) in Plin. HN 37,114. The sculptor Cephisodotus [5] was from S. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography E. Meyer, s.v. S., RE Suppl. 10, 925-927  Traill, Attica, 6, 14, 59, 62, 69, 112 No. 131, Table. 1  J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 126.

[German version] (Κριώα). Attic asty (?) deme of the Antiochis phyle. With one bouleutaí, after 307/6 BC two bouleutaí. Location uncertain, but the genealogical links between the eponymous hero Crius (schol. Aristoph. Av. 645) and Pallas suggest proximity to Pallene [1; 2. 3732]. The funerary inscription IG II2 6108 of the wife of a Κριωεύς is from Kypseli. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 E. Honigmann, s.v. K., RE 11, 1866 2 P. J. Bicknell, Akamantid Eitea, in: Historia 27, 1978, 369-374. Traill, Attica 23, 54 with n. 27, 59, 69, 111 no. 77, tab. 10 J. S. Traill, Demos and Tritt…

[German version] (Αἰγιλιά; Aigiliá). Attic   paralia (coastal) deme of the phyle Antiochis, later Ptolemais. Six   bouleutai [5. 23, 53, Table 10], located on the south-western coast of Attica (according to Str. 9,1,21 between Thorae and Anaphlystus), though not north-east of the Olympus [1. 69 ff.] near Hagios Panteleimon [5. 53; 3. 50 ff.], but to the west, probably near Phoinikia [2. 243 annotation 10; 4. 829]. Famous for its figs (Ath. 14,652E; Theoc. 1,147). A., together with a large part of the southern paralia, was probably depopulated quite early. ( Atene) [3]. Lohmann, …

[German version] (Ἀραφήν; Araphḗn). Attic   paralia deme of the  Aigeis phyle (IG II2 1747; two bouleutai), on the east coast west of Raphina, which has retained the name. Ancient remains (cf. [1. 39]) built over by modern development. A fortified proto-urban centre in Askitario (early Helladic II) [2; 3]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. Milchhoefer, explanatory text, in: E. Curtius, J. A. Kaupert (ed.), Karten von Attika 3-6, 1889 2 D. Theocharis, Ανασκαφη εν Αραφηι, in: Praktika 1951, 77-92; 1952, 129-151; 1953, 105-118; 1954,104-113; 1955, 109-117 3 Id., Ασκητα…

[German version] (Σημαχίδαι; Sēmachídai). Attic asty(?) deme of the Antiochis phyle, with one bouleutḗs . According to Philochorus in Steph. Byz. s. v. Σ., situated in Epacria, the mountainous north of Attica, (at modern Vredou [2]?). A second S., attested at the end of the 2nd/beginning of the 3rd cent. AD, was not a regular Attic deme [1. 13, 94 f., 121 no. 37]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Traill, Attica, 13, 54, 69, 94 f., 112 No. 126, 121, No. 37, Table 10 2 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 139, 149.

[German version] (Ἀπολλωνιείς; Apollōnieís). Attic deme of the  Attalis phyle (IG II2 1794 ff.), created in 200 BC in honour of Apollonis, wife of  Attalos I [4]. Five bouleutai. Site unknown. 14 demotai attested by name. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 30, 109 no.18, table 14 Whitehead, 20 note 66.

[German version] Listed amongst the asty demes of the Leontis phyle epigraphically [2. 99f.], but not in IG II2 2362 (200 BC); with four (?) bouleutai. Location debatable, probably neighbouring Acharnae, see Aristoph. Ach. 406. Archedemus, who had decorated the grotto of the Nymphs near Vari ( Anagyrus), was naturalized in C. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Traill, 18ff., 109 (no. 29), table 4 2 Id., Diakris, the inland trittys of Leontis, in: Hesperia 47, 1978, 89-109 3 Whitehead, 332 with fn. 35, 425.

(Πανδιονίς; Pandionís). [German version] [1] See Procne see Procne Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) [German version] [2] Third of the ten phyles of Attica The third of the ten phyles of Attica from the time of the phyle reform of Cleisthenes [2] in 508/7 BC (IG II2 1138-1140; 1144; 1148; 1152; 1157; 1160; 1167; Attica, with map); eponymous hero Pandion [1] (Πανδίων/ Pandí ōn, Paus. 1,5,3). In the 4th cent. BC, P. comprised eleven dḗmoi, of which (at least) one was in the asty trittys of Cydathenaeon, four in the mesogeia trittys of Paeanea and five in the paralia trittys of Myrrhinus. Three dḗmoi (Cydath…

(Ἐροιάδαι; Eroiádai). [German version] [1] Attic asty(?)-deme of the phyle Hippothontis Attic asty(?)-deme (IG II2, 1927) of the phyle Hippothontis, one bouleutes (after 307/6 BC: two). Only this E. (not E. [2]) is mentioned by Harpocr., Hsch. and Steph. Byz. s.v. E. Presumably located near Chaidari (there is the finding place of IG II2, 1867, 6090). Ὀρε(ι)άδαι; Ore(i)ádai (SEG 13,115; SEG 17, 98; IG II2, 2776 l. 52 [1. 82]) is possibly a variant of E. based on vowel metathesis [2. 171f.]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 S. G. Miller, A Roman Monument in the Athenian Agora…

[German version] (Ἀνάφλυστος; Anáphlystos). Attic   paralia deme of the phyle  Antiochis (10 bouleutai) in the coastal region of Anavysso in south-western Attica between  Aegilia in the west,  Atene in the south-east, and  Amphitrope in the east; the astike hodos, the arterial highway from Athens to  Sounion, and respectively the Rhevma Maresas/Ari formed the border to  Phrearrhii in the north-west. Traces of habitation from the neolithic period onwards; the peninsula of Hagios Nikolaos (Astypalaea: Str. 9,1,21) housed an important m…

[German version] (τὸ Πεντελικὸν ὄρος; tò Pentelikòn óros). Mountain in the northeast of Athens (1108 m). The name P. (modern Penteli) is derived from the post-Cleisthenic deme of Pentele [1] at the southwest foot and in Antiquity attested only in Paus. 1,32,1f. (cf. Vitr. 2,8,49: mons Pentelensis), otherwise (pre-Greek) Brilettus (Brilessus, Βριληττός; brilēttos). P. was famous for its marble (Thuc. 2,23,1; Str. 9,1,23; Theophr. De signis 3,6,43; S. Emp. Adv. math. 1,257), which was increasingly quarried from the middle of the 6th cent. BC and i…

[German version] (Περιθοῖδαι; Perithoîdai). Attic asty deme of the phyle Oineïs with three bouleutaí. On the basis of the site of the funeral inscription IG II2 7219 and mythological speculation P. is mostly located to the west of Athens in the Cephisus valley along the Sacred Road (present day Aigaleo)(Athenai II.7.). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 49, 68, 111 Nr. 107, Tab. 6  Whitehead, 84, 210, 371.

[German version] (Μυρρινοῦττα/ Murrhinoûtta). Small Attic (paralia?) deme of the phyle of Aigeis, one bouleutḗs; tentatively located at Nea Makri [1] or Vourva [2. 24ff.]. Strab. 9.1.22 should be read as M., and not Myrrhinús [1]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 128, 146f. 2 E. Vanderpool, The Location of the Attic Deme Erchia, in: BCH 89, 1965, 21-26. Traill, Attica, 16f., 41, 69, 111 nr. 90, table 2  Whitehead, 23, 73, 84, 370.

[German version] (Ποταμός/ Potamós). Name borne by three Attic demes of the phyle Leontis: (1) and (2) were asty demes in the upper Ilissus valley, divided into Upper P. (Π. καθύπερθεν/ P. kathýperthen) at the Kaisariani monastery with two bouleutaí and Lower P. (Π. ὑπένερθεν/ P. hypénerthen) in modern Panepistemioupolis with one or two bouleutaí, from 307/6 to 201/200 BC in  Demetrias [2]. Boundary-rock inscriptions on  Alepovouni [1; 2] presumably marked the border between Upper and Lower P. [3. 117]. (3) P. Deiradiôtai (Π. Δειραδιῶται). Paralia deme, from 307/6 to 201/0 BC a…

[German version] (Modern Greek Δέμα). Incomplete (?) towerless, polygonal wall, 4.3 km in length with numerous sally gates and two watchtowers that, at Ano Liosia, sealed the northern access between Parnes and Aigaleos from Thriasia into the Pedion. Constructed either in 404 BC after the banishment of the Thirty [2] or in 378/375 BC in the Boeotian War [1]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 M. H. Munn, The Defense of Attica, 1993 2 A. Skias, Τὸ λεγόμενον Δέμα καὶ ἄλλα ἐρείπια [ Tò legómenon Déma kaì álla ereípia], in: ArchE 1919, 35-36. J. P. Adam, L'architecture militaire grec…

[German version] (Περγασή/ Pergasḗ; Demoticon Περγασῆθεν/ Pergasêthen). Attic Mesogeia deme of the Erechtheis phyle, divided into upper and lower P. (Π. καθύπερθεν/ P. kathýperthen, Π. ὑπένερθεν/ P. hypénerthen) each with two bouleutaí, one part of which went over to the Antigonis phyle in 307/6 BC. According to Aristoph. Equ. 321, P. was on the road from Athens to Aphidna (near modern Chelidonou?). The burial inscription IG II2 7205 is from Varibopi near Tatoï. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 6, 38, 59, 69, 111 Nr. 105f., 126, Tab. 1, 11  Whitehead, Index s.v. P.