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[German version] (Τέρινα; Térina). City in Bruttium (Bruttii;  Thuc. 6,104,2; Plin.  HN 3,72) on the “Gulf of T.” (Thuc. loc.cit.: Τεριναῖος κόλπος/ Terinaíos kólpos; Plin. HN loc.cit.), presumably at Santa Eufemia Vetere (ancient remains). Founded by Croton  in the 6th cent. BC (Ps.-Scymn. 306-308; Steph. Byz. s. v. T.); after 444 BC besieged by the Thurii (Polyaenus, Strat. 2,10,1),…

(Μεγάλη Ἑλλάς/ Megálē Hellás, ‘Great Greece’). I. Geography and history [German version] A. Definition From a geographical point of view, the concept of Magna Graecia (MG) is superimposed on Italia without being identical with it. In the 5th cent. BC, it referred to the outermost part of Italia, surrounded by the Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas from Laus [2] to Metapontium. Later MG was used for the whole part of Southern Italy that had been settled by Greeks, from Taras to Cyme [2]. The term Megálē Hellás was already widespread around the middle of the 5th cent. BC. There seem to be two traditions: one of them (Athenaeus) linked MG to the fertility of the soil, the favourable climate and the wealth of the póleis…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Italy, languages | Colonization | Punic Wars (Κρότων, Krótōn, Lat. Croto[n]). City founded in around 733 BC by Achaean colonists under  Myscellus from Rhypae, in response to a Delphic oracle, on the eastern coast of  Bruttium in southern Italy (Antiochus, FGrH 555 F 10). In the 6th cent. BC, C. expanded at the expense of its neighbouring colonies: important milestones were the capture and destruction of Siris in the middle of the 6th cent, the defeat against Locri on the Sagra in 548 and the destruction of Sybaris in 510 BC (Hdt. 5,44; 6,21).…

('promontory', 'cape'). [German version] [1] Promontorium Cantium Headland in the far south-east of Britannia, opposite the mouth of the Rhine (τὸ Κάντιον). Headland in the far south-east of Britannia, opposite the mouth of the Rhine; a landmark for seamen and geographers, modern South Foreland/Kent ( cf. Caes. B Gall. 5,13,1; 14,1; 22,1; Diod. Sic. 5,21,3; Str. 1,4,3; 4,3,3; 5,1). Cantium probably means 'corner' in Celtic [1]. The exposed location in the far south-east of the island gave its name to the Cantiaci, and the name was also applied to the kingdom of Kent, which arose here in the 6th cent. Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bibliography…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | | Coloniae | Coloniae | Punic Wars (Θούριοι/ Thoúrioi, Latin Thurii). Greek city on the Ionios Kolpos where Sybaris [4] stood until its destruction in 510 BC, c. 134 km south-west of Tarentum (Taras[2]); today the field of ruins at the Parco di Cava…

This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | | Coloniae | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Italy, languages | Colonization | Regio, regiones …

[German version] (Τεμέση/ Temésē). City in Bruttium (Bruttii), in the Roman period Tempsa (Str. 6,1,5; Plin. HN 3,72); its location is uncertain, but it was somewhere in the valley of the Sabutus (modern Savuto). T. was founded by the Ausones; these were followed by the Aetolians under Thoas [3], then the Bruttii. In 194 BC a Roman colonia (Str. loc.cit.; Liv. 34,45) was establi…

(Σύβαρις; Sýbaris). [German version] [1] Monster on the mountain Cirphis near Crisa Monster on the mountain Cirphis near Crisa, also called Lamia (Lamia [1]). In order to keep the area free of S.' regular visitations, a youth called Alcyoneus was to be sacrificed. Out of love for him, however, Eurybatus spontaneously took his place. He managed to overcome S. and throw it from a rock. On the site of its fall the spring S. arises (Antoninus Liberalis 8, according to Nicander).…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Etrusci, Etruria | Italy, languages | Colonization | Regio, regiones (Μεταπόντιον, Metapóntion; Lat. Metapontum). A lower Italian city in Lucania, on the Gulf of Taras/Tarentum, said to have first been founded by the Pylians under Nestor upon their return from Troy (Strab. 6,1,15). The continuity of the Achaean substrate between the Mycenaean period and the great colonisation seems to have continued in the cultic domain (Artemision by the Venella an…

[German version] (Λευκόπετρα; Leukópetra, ‘white rock’). Promontory on the Adriatic coast south of Rhegium (Str. 5,1,3; 6,1,7), modern Capo dell'Armi near Motta S. Giovanni. Together with other ‘white rocks’ (Capo Leucata, Phalaron Akron, Leucopetrae Tarentinorum) it marks the sea route from Greece to lower Italy and Sicily. The light-coloured rocks helped the sailors navigate. Muggia, Anna (Pavia) Bibliography C. Turano, Leucopetra, in: Calabria antica, 1977, 34-44 BTCGI 4, 420f. M. Giangiulio, Tra mare e terra, in: F. Prontera (ed.), La Magna Grecia e il mare, 1996, 261-263.

(Τάρας/ Táras). [German version] [1] Son of Poseidon and a South-Italian nymph …

[German version] [1] Ligurian city in the valley of the upper Chero (Βελεία, Βελία/ Bel(e)ía; Οὐελεία/ Oueleía…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | | Etrusci, Etruria | Commerce | Italy, languages | Colonization | Natural catastrophes | Punic Wars | Regio, regiones | Rome | Rome (Ῥήγιον/ Rhḗgion, Lat. Regiu…

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[German version] (Σκυλλήτιον/ Skyllḗtion, Σκυλλάκιον/ Skyllákion, Latin Scolacium). City on the east coast of Bruttia on the gulf named after it ( kólpos Skyllētikós; [1. 63]; today still Golfo di Squillace); ground plan of the Roman city and building foundations from  the 1st/2nd cent. AD near modern Roccelletta di Borgia. In ancient tradition S. was seen as the northernmost place in Italía (Antiochos FGrH 555 F 5; Aristot. Pol. 1329b 13 f.; Str. 6,1,4). S. (founded in the second half of the 6th cent. BC) was at first dependent on Croton, then on Locri [2] (Str. 6,1,10). In 123/2 BC C. Sempronius [I 11] Gracchus established the colonia Scolacium Minervia at S. (Vell. Pat. 1,15,4), and the emperor Nerva expanded it (CIL X 103). S. was abandoned at the end of the 6th/beginning of the 7th cent. AD. Cassiodorus was from S. Muggia, Anna (Pavia)…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Colonization (Καυλωνία; Kaulōnía, Lat. Caulonia, Caulonea…

[German version] [1] Colony (Λᾶος; Lâos). The colony, localized on the hill of San Bartolo di Marcellina, along the river Lao in the bay of Scalea, was founded by survivors from Sybaris after the destruction of the city in 510 BC. Nearby was the heroon of Dracon, a companion of Odysseus (Str. 6,1,1). At the end of the 5th cent. BC L. was conquered by the Lucani. Here the bloody battle between the Italiot League and the Lucani took place in 389 BC. A city with remains of buildings and graves surrounded by a wall is from the 4th cent. BC. No traces of the archaic period. Muggia, Anna (Pavia) Bibliography…

(Κύμη; Kýmē). [German version] [1] Settlement on Euboea This item can be found on the following maps: Aegean Koine C. on  Euboea. The exact location of the ancient settlement is unknown; it should be looked for near what is today the town of C., commonly Kumi, on the east coa…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Coloniae (Οὐιβῶνα Οὐαλεντία/ Ouibôna Oualentía). City in Bruttium on the Mare Tyrrhenum in the south of the gulf of S. Eufémia, inland north of the foothills of Tropea at a height of 560 m near modern VV (the name was Monteleone di Calabria until 1928). Founded by Locri [2] in the 2nd half of the 6th cent. BC with the place name of Hipponium (Ἱππώνιον/ Hippṓnion) along wit…

(Νέα πόλις/ Néa pólis, Νεάπολις/ Neápolis, ‘New City’). [German version] [1] Town on the northern coast of the Aegean This item can be found on the following maps: | Macedonia, Macedones | Moesi, Moesia Town on the northern coast of the Aegean to the west of the mouth of the Nestus river, across from the island of Thasos, modern Kavalla (Str. 7a,1,36; Ps.-Scyl. 67), probably a Thasian colony but the exact period of foundation is unknown. Early in the 6th cent. BC, autonomous silver coinage modelled…