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Nida

(364 words)

Marcomagus

(131 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Station (It. Ant. 373,2; Tab. Peut. 3,1) on the Roman road from Augusta [6] Treverorum to Colonia Agrippinensis, modern Nettersheim-Marmagen, district of Euskirchen. It was possibly associated with a vicus located in the Urft valley south of Nettersheim, which was probably abandoned in the 2nd half of the 3rd cent. AD (cf. [1; 2]; CIL XVII 2, 554 of AD 350-353). Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography 1 A.-B. Follmann-Schulz, Die römischen Tempelanlagen in der Provinz Germania inferior, in: ANRW II 18.1, 1986, 750-753 2 J. Hagen, Römerstraßen der Rheinprov., 21931, …

Tubantes

(173 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Germanic tribe to the west of the upper Amisia [1] (modern Ems). Germanicus [2] was attacked by the T. in AD 14 (Tac. Ann. 1,51,2); T. may then have also been paraded in Germanicus' triumphal procession (Str. 7,1,4: Σουβάττιοι/ Soubáttioi). Later than the Chamavi and earlier than the Usipetes, they settled predominantly between the Vecht and the Ijssel (Tac. Ann. 13,55,2). Then they migrated southwards together with the Usipetes, who besieged Mogontiacum in AD 69 (Tac. Hist. 4,37,3). According to Ptol. 2,11,23 (Τούβαντοι/ Toúbantoi), they were neighbours of the …

Nuit(h)ones

(82 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] The Nuit(h)ones were among the tribes worshipping the goddess Nerthus (Tac. Germ. 40,2); they are believed to have lived in Holstein and western Mecklenburg [1. 218; 2. 460-465]. The suggestion by [3] that Nuit(h)ones be read as Teutones is not convincing. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)…

Iversheim

(222 words)

Colonia Ulpia Traiana

(399 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Coloniae Roman colony on the left side of the Lower Rhine, modern Xanten, on a low terrace between two Rhine branches in an area only suited to a limited extent for cultivation. While early signs of settlement from the 4th or 3rd cents. BC indicate no continuity with the Roman period, a favoured central location of the  Cugerni already arose there at the turn of the millennium because of the proximity of the legion camp of  Vetera. According to Tac. Hist. 4,22,1, the settlement was set up in the 60s of the 1st cent. AD ‘in the style of a   mu…

Nava

(222 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] A left hand tributary of the Rhine. It flows into the Rhine near Bingium (Auson. Mos. 1: ‘the rushing N.’), present-day Nahe. In early Roman times the Celtic Treveri tribe lived in the area of the N., where there is evidence of some oppida. Under Augustus the Germanic Vangiones were settled along the middle and lower N. The area was then added to the upper Germanic army district. The region by the upper reaches of the N. was part of Belgica. In the middle of the 5th cent. AD the Franci settled mainly in the lower valley of…

Mattiaci

(416 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] A tribe that settled in Wetterau and Taunus during the Imperial period. The Celtic name is associated with Mattium, the main city of the Chatti (cf. Ptol. 2,11,14: Ματτικόν; Mattikón). It is debated whether the M. were a sub-tribe of the Germanic Chatti which had already separated from them during the Augustan period, and settled in the above-mentioned area with Roman permission (for earlier research, cf. [1; 2. 52-57; 3]), or whether the M. are those mentioned as having defected because of the destruction of Mattium in AD 15 (Tac. Ann. 1,56,4; not very convincing, cf. [4. 20-22]), or finally, whether the Chatti merely kept the original place-name Mattium when the M. withdr…

Laur(i)um

(131 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Station in the territory of the Batavi (Tab. Peut. 2,3) on one of two roads between Ulpia Noviomagus and Lugdunum Batavorum (modern Katwijk), modern Woerden. Roman finds from about 50 to the 3rd cent. AD, a fort only from the Flavian period onwards (AD 69-96). Initially garrison of the cohors XV voluntariorum, after the middle of the 2nd cent. AD of the cohors III Breucorum. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography H. Schönberger, Die röm. Truppenlager der frühen und mittleren Kaiserzeit zw. Nordsee und Inn, in: BRGK 66, 1985, 439 B 6 J. K. Haalebos, Ausgrabungen in Woer…

Rigodulum

(115 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Batavian Revolt Town located on the right shore of the Mosella, present-day Riol; its name is Celtic. In AD 70, during the Batavian Revolt, it was the location of the battle between the entrenched Treveri under Iulius [II 43] Civilis and the Romans who had been brought there from Mogontiacum (Mainz) by Petilius [II 1] Cerialis. During this battle, the most prominent of the Belgae were taken prisoner by the Romans (cf. Tac. Hist. 4,71,4 f.).…

Tabernae

(247 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] [1] Township in the territory of the Nemetes Township in the territory of the Nemetes on the Roman road on the west bank of the Rhenus [2] (It. Ant. 355; Amm. 16,2,12; Not. Dign. Occ. 41,16; Tab. Peut. 3,3), modern Rheinzabern. There is evidence  of brickworks of the legions of upper Germania from about AD 45 until c. AD 80; a fort, however, is not certain. A…

Kastel

(469 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Roman fort and vicus called Castellum Mattiacorum on the right bank of the Rhine, in the region of the Mattiaci, today Mainz-Kastel. A bridgehead of timber and earth had probably safeguarded the Rhine crossing from the time of Augustus. No later than the time of Tiberius (AD 14-37) a bridge on wooden piles spanned the river here ( c. 700 metres long). Its conversion to a stone bridge had perhaps already begun in…

Marsigni

(61 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] German tribe settling ‘in the back of’, i.e. to the north or north-east of the Marcomanni and Quadi (Tac. Germ. 43,1). Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography E. Schwarz, Germanische Stammeskunde, 1956, 164 G. Perl, Tacitus, Germania, in: J. Herrmann (Ed.), Griechische und lateinische Quellen zur Frühgeschichte Mitteleuropas bis zur Mitte des 1. Jahrtausends unserer Ze…

Segni

(78 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Germanic people, mentioned only by Caesar (Caes. Gall. 6,32,1 f.) together with the Condrusi, between the Treveri and the Eburones, who assured him by means of an embassy in 53 BC, that they would not make common cause with the Germani on the left bank of the Rhine. Their presumed place of settlement was in the Luxemburgish and Belgian Ardennes. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography J. B. Keune, s. v. S., RE 2 A, 1075 f. …

Kalkriese

(495 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Kalkriese In the course of systematic archaeological investigations since 1987 in K. near Bramsche, district of Osnabrück, several Roman period finds have come to light, attesting to an extensive battleground between the Romans and the Germani (see illustration). By the end of …

Teutoni

(592 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Germanic tribe, settled, according to Pytheas [4] (Plin. HN 37,35) on the western coast of Jutland, probably neighbouring the Cimbri (= C.), in conjunction with whom they are often named (cf. Vell. Pat. 2,8), most scholars (cf. e.g. [1. 232 note 71]) therefore supposing that the two tribes migrated southwards together to th…

Semnones

(252 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Tribe of the Suebi between Albis (Elbe) and Viadua (Oder; Str. 7,1,3; Tac. Germ. 39; Tac. Ann. 2,45,1; Ptol. 3,1,22; 51), known to the Romans mainly through Tiberius’ campaign in AD 5 (R. Gest. div. Aug. 26; Vell. Pat. 2,106 f.). Given their size and cultic tradition, they regarded themselves as the oldest and most notable of the Suebi (Tac. Germ. 39; cf. [2.473-479]). As allies of Maroboduus, they fel…

Lemovii

(79 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Tribe on the Baltic Sea between the Oder and the Vistula (Tac. Germ. 44,1), neighbouring the Rugii. The version of the name is uncertain, and identification with other tribal names, passed down to us, for instance in Ptolemy, is hypothetical. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography A. Franke, s.v. L., RE Suppl. 5, 549 G. Perl, in: J. Herrmann (ed.), Griech. und lat. Quellen zur Frühgesch. Mitteleuropas bis zur Mitte des 1. Jt. u.Z., Teil 2, 1990, 249.

Silva Marciana

(43 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Probably a term in late Antiquity (Tab. Peut. 2,4; 4,1; Amm. Marc. 21,8,2 referring to 361 AD) for the Black Forest, which elsewhere is called Abnoba mons . Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography A. Franke, s. v. Marciana silva, RE 14, 1504 f.

Lupia

(340 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] A. Geography and tradition Righthand tributary flowing into the Rhine a little above Vetera (Str. 7,1,3), modern Lippe. For Mela 3,30, Moenus (Main) and L. are the best-known tributaries of the Rhine ( Rhenus), and these names were used for the most important Roman invasion routes into Germania Magna. Mentioned on several occasions in the course of the Roman o…

Ubii

(479 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Germanic tribe (Caes. B Gall. 4,3,3; Tac. Germ. 28,4; Tac. Hist. 4,28,1; 4,64), settled in Caesar's time on the right bank of the Rhine (Rhenus [2]) between the lower La(u)gona (modern Lahn) and Taunus. Displaced by the Suebi, the U. allied with Caesar in 55 BC (Caes. B Gall. 4,8,3; 16,5-8). Caesar's Rhine crossings in 55 and 53 BC probably took place from the Neuwieder…

Sugambri

(231 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] People of the Germanic Istaevones (Plin. HN 4,100) on the right bank of the Rhenus [2] opposite the Eburones and between the Ubii and the Bructeri. To the east, they bordered on the Chatti and the Cherusci. In 55 BC they absorbed the the Usipetes and the Tencteri, whom Caesar had defe…

Nicer

(181 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Right-hand tributary of the Rhine, modern Neckar, whose course has changed many times, primarily around its mouth. From the La Tène period (La Tène culture) the region was inhabited by Celts. In the early Imperial period the lower courses were settled by Elbe-Germani, who gave their name to the civitas Ulpia Sueborum Nicrensium established around Lopodunum (modern Ladenburg) from the time of Trajan. The region around its headwaters and the area b…

Saalburg

(461 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Roman limes fort (Limes [III], with map) north of modern Bad Homburg, on a pass over the Taunus. The small redoubts A and B, generally associated with fortification measures undertaken under the emperor Domitian (AD 81-96) after the war with the Chatti (Chatti), have been hitherto successively regarded as the oldest installations [1; 2; 3; …

Palas

(93 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Region in which boundary markers separated the territories of the Burgundiones and the Romans, also called Capellatium; hither, Iulianus [11] led a campaign against the Alamanni on the right bank of the Rhine river in AD 359 (Amm. Marc. 18,2,15). P. should probably be localised around Öhringen northeast of Heilbronn. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography P. Goessler s.v. P., RE 18.2, 2516-2528  W. Dahlheim, Capellatium, in: RGA 4, …

Tencteri

(191 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Germanic tribe, driven in 58 BC from their homeland to the east of the Rhine by the Suebi. After three years as nomads, in 55 BC the T. crossed the Rhine (Rhenus [2]), defeated the west-bank Menapii, who had refused to accept them into their territory, and migrated up the Meuse (Mosa [1]) as far as the Eburones and the Condrusi. There, Caesar annihilated them; only some o…

Usipetes

(202 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] (also Usipi). Germanic tribe, presumably originally settled in the valley of the La(u)gona (modern Lahn), which was driven out by the Suebi in 58 BC. After crossing the Rhenus [2] (modern Rhine) they drove out the Menapii in 56/5 BC and subsequently advanced farther south. In 55 BC Caesar annihilated the U. and the Tencteri; previously he had unlawfully captured the leaders of the two tribes, and this led to to severe reactions in Rome (Ca…

Suebi

(624 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] The Suebi, an association of Germanic tribes or groups of Germanic peoples, numerous and strong (Str. 4,3,4; 7,1,3), between the Rhenus [2] (Rhine), Istrus [2] (Danube), Albis (Elbe) and as far as the Mare Suebicum (Baltic Sea) area. The nucleus of their territory was Lusatia, later Saxony and Thuringia. Although first recorded in the 1st century BC (Caes. Gall. 1,37,3 f.;  cf. Tac. Germ. 2,2), their name had been coined …

Idistaviso

(99 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Site of a battle between Teutons under  Arminius and Romans under  Germanicus. The latter had led his troops over the sea to the river Ems and further on land via the river Weser in the summer of AD 16. The Romans won the battle in the I. plain ( campus) between the Weser and hilly terrain (Tac. Ann. 2,16,1) I. cannot be localized but is generally assumed to be in the surroundings of Porta Westfalica. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography B. Rappaport, s.v. I., RE 9, 903-905 E. Koestermann, Die Feldzüge des Germanicus, in: Historia 6, 1957, 429-479, esp. 425-455. …

Nabalia

(181 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] River in the territory of the Batavi; in AD 70, a bridge over the N. was broken, so that Julius [II 43] Civilis and Petilius Cerialis could each stand on his respective side and negotiate at an appropriate distance (Tac. Hist. 5,26,1). The N. may be identifiable with the modern Lee between Lienden and Maurik in the Netherlands [3]. However, Tacitus may not have meant the river flowing between the warring pair at all, but may be referring only to a navalis (i.e. pons

Tarodunum

(145 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Oppidum (Ταρόδουνον; Taródounon). Celtic township at the end of the Höllental valley (Ptol. 2,11,30), modern Zarten in the Black Forest. There is evidence of a fortified site (approximately 200 ha) with murus Gallicus (scarcely traces of settlement), with a 2nd/1st century BC settlement area outside it (approximately 12-16 ha) (Celtic coins, products of gold smelting, a planchet, amphora sherds, a glass bracelet, ring beads).…

Icorigium

(159 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Batavian Revolt Roman road-station (It. Ant. 373,1: Egorigio; Tab. Peut. 3,1) where the Trier - Cologne road crossed the Kyll, modern Jünkerath. From the 1st cent. AD long-houses were built close to each other on both sides of the road, with the narrow side facing the street. Destroyed during the German invasions of the 3rd cent., protected in th…

Marcodurum

(69 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Batavian Revolt Settlement in the western territory of the Ubii, possibly modern Düren or, more probably, Merken near Düren, where the cohortes Ubiorum were destroyed during the uprising of Iulius [II 43] Civilis in AD 69 (Tac. Hist. 4,28,2). Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography A. Franke, s.v. M., RE 14, 1680f. …

Promea

(62 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Modern Prüm (Rhineland-Palatinate), a water-abundant tributary of the Sauer (Sura), which it joins below Echternach; mentioned by Auson. Mos. 354 together with the Nims. The areas the P. flows through were densely populated in Roman times. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography J. Steinhausen, Archäologische Siedlungskunde des Trierer Landes, 1936, 324 f.  P. Goessler, s. …

Saravus

(196 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] River springing from Mont Donon in the Vosges (Vosegus) and flowing into the Mosella near Contoniacum; the present-day Saar river. Pier substructures testify to the existence of a bridge along the road Divodurum (Metz) - Augusta [6] Treverorum (Trier); the valley road running on the right of the Mosella converged to this bridge as well. There is evidence of other bridges upriver. The ‘winding S.’ (Auson. Mos. 91-93; cf. 367-369) was navigable up to Saarburg. A vicus S. is…

Munimentum

(304 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] [1] M. Traiani Emperor Iulianus [11] renewed the Munimentum Traiani, originally built at the behest of Trajan, during a campaign out of Mogontiacum in the autumn of AD 357 (Amm. Marc. 17,1,11). The Alamanni were compelled to provide food to the occupying troops when necessary. The identity of this Munimentum Traiani is disputed. Locations between the Main and the Neckar have been suggested, while recent scholarship has sought to present the Munimentum not as a fort but as a complete military installation, i.e. as the limes , with implications for the question of Roman continuity in the peripheries on the right bank of the Rhine [3]. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography 1 A. Franke, s.v. M. Traiani, RE 16, 639f. 2 L. Jacob, I. Ulmann, in: J. Herrmann (ed.), Griechische und lateinische Quellen zur Frühgeschichte Mitteleuropas..., vol. 4, 1992, 445 (comm.) 3 H. Castritius, E. Schallmayer, Kaiser Julian am obergermanischen Limes..., in: Beiträge zur Er…

Vada

(85 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Roman auxiliary fort, whose exact location is not known; probably on the left bank of the Vacalus (modern Waal). The name implies a ford. During the Batavian Revolt in AD 70/1, V. was attacked by Iulius [II 43] Civilis and successfully relieved by Q. Petillius [II 1] Cerialis. On alleged inscriptional mentions of V. cf. [1]. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography 1 H. Nesselhauf, Neue Inschriften aus dem römischen Germanien …

Scadinavia

(155 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Name of an island of enormous size (Mela 3,54: S. a conjectural reading for Codannovia; Plin. HN 4,96; 8,39: S., various MSS: Scati-), which became known to the Romans during a naval expedition involving circumnavigation of Jutland in AD 5 (R. Gest. div. Aug. 26; Vell. Pat. 2,106,3; Plin. HN 2,167). In addition, Plin. HN 4,104 (following unnamed informants) incorrectly locates the Scandiae Islands to the north of Britain (cf. Ptol. 2,11,33). Th…

Tolbiacum

(140 words)

Sumelocenna

(229 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre Celtic settlement on the Nicer/Neckar (Tab. Peut. 4,1; [1. 199-271, 693 f.], cf. [3. 357-382]), modern Rottenburg. Settled in the Roman period, probably after AD 90 [3. 399-402]; there is no evidence of a fort [2. 469 f. D 89], but there is evidence of an ala Vallensium (CIL XIII 6361). Inscriptions attest to a procurator (administrator of the imperial saltus S., ILS 8855, probably at the beginning of the 2nd cent. AD), an ordo and magistri of the saltus (ILS 7100, mid…

Visurgis

(306 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] River which, according to Ptol. 2,11,1 (Οὐισούργιος/ Ouisoúrgios) in combination with 2,11,5, rises on Mons Melibocus [2. 560], modern river Weser; for the etymology cf. [1. 366 f.]. In 12 BC, Nero Claudius [II 24] (Drusus the Elder) arrived by sea in the land of the Chauci between the Amisia [1] (modern Ems) and the V. (Cass. Dio 54,32,2). In 11 BC, he advanced by land agains…

Mogontiacum

(986 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | | Gallia/Gaul | Commerce | Legio | Legio | Limes | Limes | Rome | Rome | Batavian Revolt Roman Mainz. An indigenous settlement near Mainz-Weisenau, named after a Celtic deity, seems to have given it the name. In the middle of the 2nd decade BC a Roman double legion camp was constructed on a high terrace on the left bank of the Rhine opposite the mouth of the Main. From this strategically favourable position between 10 BC and AD 16 there were repeatedly successful Roman advances into the territory of  Germania Magna. Together w…

Novaesium

(395 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Legio | Limes | Batavian Revolt Modern Neuss, on the left bank of the Rhine at the Erft estuary, where a significant Roman military base had been established from about 16 BC. Several encampments, some of which survived only briefly, followed one another during the Augustan-Tiberian period (1st half of the 1st cent. AD), including large encampments with space for two legions and auxiliary troops. From the 30s of the 1st cent. AD, N. was the home-base initially of the legio XX Valeria Victrix, which was deployed to Britannia i…

La(u)gona

(52 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Name of the River Lahn, first attested in the 6th cent. AD in Venantius Fortunatus c. 7,7,58 (also Logona in manuscript). Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography J. B. Keune, s.v. L., RE 12, 999 L. Weisgerber, Erläuterung zur Karte der römerzeitlich bezeugten rheinischen Namen, in: Rheinische Vierteljahresblätter 23, 1958, 15.

Taunus

(302 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] One of the highest mountain ranges in Germania (Mela 3,30; name possibly Celtic). In AD 15 Germanicus [2] had a fort built in monte Tauno on the ruins of a fortress designed by Claudius [II 24] Drusus (Tac. Ann. 1,56,1). This fortress has often been identified with a fort established by Drusus 'among the Chatti immediately on the Rhine' in 11 BC (Cass. Dio 54,33,4). Since the latter is now presumed rather to be in the area of the Neuwieder Basin, the identification of Drusus' two fortresses is as uncertain as the connection with Ἄρταυνον/ Ártaunon in Ptol. 2,11,29. The T…

Vangiones

(191 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] A presumably Germanic, later Celticised people, whose original homeland on the right bank of the Rhenus [2] (modern Rhine) is unknown. They marched across the Rhine with Ariovistus, who was defeated by Caesar in 58 BC (Caes. B Gall. 1,51,2). The V. were initially for the most part driven back over the Rhine. In the time of Augustus, but no later than before the middle of the 1st cent. AD (Tac. Ann. 12,27,2), they were settled on the left bank of the Rhine to the north of the Triboci and the Nemetes, and to the south of Mogontiacum; the capital of their civitas was Borbetomagus…

Nemetes

(311 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] (Νέμητες; Némētes). Germanic tribe, which - judging by the Celtic name - probably settled  in the area of contact between Celts and Germani before the Roman period, but is hardly likely to belong to the Suebi. The N. were first mentioned alongside Triboci and Vangiones and later were also repeatedly referred to in conjunction with them (Plin. HN. 4,106; Tac. Germ. 28,4; Ptol. 2,9,17), among the seven tribes which Ariovistus had led across the Rhine (Caes. B Gall. 1,51,2). However, …

Tougeni

(137 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] (Τωϋγενοί/ Tōÿgenoí). Sub-tribe of the Helvetii, affiliated with the Cimbri on the westward migration (Poseid. FGrH 87 F 31,2). According to Str. 4,1,8 Marius [I 1] fought against the T. and the Ambrones; but since, besides the Cimbri and the Ambrones, Plut. Marius 15,6 mentions the Teutoni as opponents of Marius at Aquae [III 5] Sextiae in 102 BC, Strabo may have confused the T. with the Teutoni [1. 145-157]. Identification of the T. with the Teutoni [1; 3. 356 f.; 4. 300-309, 455-459], however, is fundamentally unlikely [2; 5; 6. 20810]. Wiegels, Rainer (Osna…

Mons Melibocus

(91 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] (Μηλίβοκον ὄρος/ Mēlíbokon όros). According to Ptol. (2,11,7), the most northerly and important mountain range in Germania, which stretched over several degrees of longitude; the southern frontier of the Cherusci and the Chamavi. Its precise identification is disputed. Recently the Thuringian Forest and the Erzgebirge mountains have been put forwards. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography A. Franke, s.v. Melibocus mons, RE 15, 509  G.Chr. Hansen, in: J. Herrmann (ed.), Griechische und lateinische Quellen zur Frühgeschichte Mitteleuropas bis z…

Vacalus

(63 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] (modern Waal). A slow-flowing (Tac. Ann. 2,6,3 f.) left bank distributary of the Rhenus [2] (modern Rhine); it incorporates the Mosa [1] (modern Maas) to form the Insula Batavorum (Caes. Gall. 4,10,2; Tac. Ann. 2,6: Vahalis; Serv. Aen. 8,727: Vahal) and the Rhenus Bicornis ('with two horns';  cf. Verg. Aen. 8,727). Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography P. Goessler, s. v. V., RE 7 A, 2018-2024.

Lopodunum

(464 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] modern Ladenburg in the lower reaches of the Nicer (Neckar). The Celtic place name, earlier also interpreted as ‘stronghold of Lo(u)pos’, means something like ‘swamp fortress’ [1]. Few archaeological traces of the former Celtic population are preserved. From about the Tiberian period (AD 14-37), Suebi from the Germanic Elbe area settled in the region of the lower river. It is assumed that the Romans themselves settled them, or at least tolerated their settlement, in order to secure the territory on the eas…

Lesura

(92 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Left-hand tributary of the Moselle (Auson. Mos. 365), which flows into the Moselle near Bernkastel, modern Lieser. L. or Lesora is the name of a mountain in the Cevennes, modern Lozère (Sid. Apoll. Carm. 24,44; cf. Plin. HN 11, 240), Lesuros (Hecat. FGrH 1 F 48) a river on the east coast of Spain. There is also a Lieser in Carinthia (Austria). Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography F. Cramer, s.v. L., RE 12, 2138 L. Weisgerber, Erläuterungen zur Karte der römerzeitlich bezeugten rheinischen N…

Iuliacum

(169 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Roman posting station (It. Ant. 375,8; 378,7; Tab. Peut. 2,5) in Germania…

Saxones

(589 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] (Σάξονες/ Sáxones, the Saxons). Association of Germanic tribes, first mentioned at Ptol. 2,11,11. According to him, they settled in Holstein to the northeast of the lower Elbe; in the west their territory bordered the sea (Ptol. 2,11,31: three Saxon islands). Presumably the S. originated from the Reudigni and the Aviones (Tac. Germ. 40,2) [1]. They may have become known to the Romans earlier, possibly in 5 AD when a fleet sailed to the Cimbrian peninsula, yet Tacitus does not menti…

Cugerni

(311 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] (Cuberni). Presumably a part of a tribe, certainly one of the groups succeeding the  Sugambri resettled by the Romans in 8 BC on the lefthand side of the Rhine (on the motives [1]). According to Pliny (HN 4,106: Cuberni) they lived between the  Ubii in the south and the  Batavi in the north and probably already created in the 1st cent. AD a   civitas

Vetera

(975 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Gallia/Gaul | Legio | Legio | Limes | Limes | Batavian Revolt Roman camp on the Rhine at the 60th milestone downstream from Colonia Agrippinensis (modern Cologne; Tac. Ann. 1,45,1) between the modern towns of Birten and Xanten. The camp originated from the early Imperial period. The name, probably indigenous, refers to an archaeologically unattested earlier settlement nearby (cf. Tac. Hist. 4,18,3: castra quibus Veterum nomen est, 'camp with the name V.', quite often in accounts of the Batavian Revolt; Ptol.…

Sitones

(65 words)

Salmona

(26 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] Left tributary of the Moselle (Auson. Mos. 366), present-day Salm. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography J. B. Keune, s. v. S., RE 1 A, 1986.…

Saltus Teutoburgiensis

(401 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] The only reference to the ‘Teutoburg Forest’ in ancient sources is Tac. Ann. 1,60,3, mentioning it as the scene of Varus' battle in AD 9 (P. Quinctilius [II 7]; Arminius). On his foray into Germania east of the Rhine in AD 15, Germanicus [2] entered the region between Amisia and Lupia, “... haud procul Teutoburgiensi saltu, in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur” (“not far from the forest of Teutoburg, in which the remains of Varus and the legions were said to lie unburied”). The battle site was then reconnoitred and the fallen buried. In the absence of c…

Mogontiacum

(861 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Bataveraufstand | Gallia | Handel | Legio | Legio | Limes | Limes | Roma | Roma | Theater | Straßen …

Saltus Teutoburgiensis

(355 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Der “Teutoburger Wald” wird in den ant. Quellen nur Tac. ann. 1,60,3 als Stätte der Varusschlacht 9 n. Chr. (P. Quinctilius [II 7]; Arminius) genannt. Auf seinem Kriegszug in das rechtsrheinische Germanien gelangte Germanicus [2] 15 n. Chr. in das Gebiet zw. Amisia und Lupia, ... haud procul Teutoburgiensi saltu, in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur (‘nicht weit vom Teutoburger Wald, in dem die Gebeine des Varus und der Legionen unbestattet lagen, wie man sagte’). Sodann wurden der Kampfplatz aufgesucht und die Gefallenen bestattet. Jahrhunder…

Reudigni

(48 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] German. Volksstamm im Kultverband der Nerthus-Stämme (Nerthus) nördl. der Langobardi (Tac. Germ. 40,2) im Gebiet von Holstein und West-Mecklenburg. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography B. Rappaport, s. v. R., RE 1 A, 700 f.  A. Genrich, Der Siedlungsraum der Nerthusstämme, in: Die Kunde 26/7, 1975/6, 103-146. …

La(u)gona

(46 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Name der Lahn, erst im 6. Jh. n.Chr. bei Venantius Fortunatus c. 7,7,58 (hsl. auch Logona) bezeugt. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)…

Laur(i)um

(113 words)

Marsigni

(56 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] German. Stamm, der ‘im Rücken’, d.h. im N bzw. NO der Marcomanni und Quadi siedelte (Tac. Germ. 43,1). Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography E. Schwarz, German. Stammeskunde, 1956, 164  G. Perl, Tacitus, Germania, in: J. Herrmann (Hrsg.), Griech. und lat. Quellen zur Frühgesch. Mitteleuropas bis zur Mitte des 1. Jt. u.Z., 2. Teil, 1990, 245.

Promea

(64 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Zusammen mit der Nims als wasserreicher Nebenfluß der Sauer (Sura), in die sie unterhalb von Echternach mündet, von Auson. Mos. 354 erwähnt, h. die Prüm (Rheinland-Pfalz). Die Gebiete, welche der P. durchläuft, waren in röm. Zeit dicht besiedelt. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography J. Steinhausen, Arch. Siedlungskunde des Trierer Landes, 1936, 324 f.  P. Goessler, s. v. P., RE 23, 650 f.

Saalburg

(403 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Röm. Limes-Kastell (Limes III., mit Karte) nördlich vom h. Bad Homburg an einem Paß über den Taunus. Als älteste Anlagen galten bislang aufeinanderfolgend die kleinen Schanzen A und B, welche meist mit fortifikatorischen Maßnahmen unter Kaiser Domitianus (81-96 n. Chr.) nach dem Chatten-Krieg (Chatti) in Verbindung gebracht wurden [1; 2; 3; 4]. Dabei wird Schanze A mit Eingang nach Süden als kurzfristig besetztes Marsch- oder Baulager evtl. schon in die Zeit des Vespasianus (69-7…

Nicer

(141 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Rechter Nebenfluß des Rheins, h. Neckar, dessen Lauf sich v.a. im Mündungsgebiet mehrfach geändert hat. Seit der Latènezeit (Latène-Kultur) war das Gebiet von Kelten bewohnt. In der frühen röm. Kaiserzeit siedelten Elbgermanen am Unterlauf, welche für die seit Traianus um Lopodunum (h. Ladenburg) eingerichtete civitas Ulpia Sueborum Nicrensium namengebend wurden. Das Quellgebiet und der Bereich zw. Odenwald und Rhein waren seit Vespasianus durch Kastelle gesichert, der mittlere N. evtl. erst seit Traianus (Limes III. Germania…

Mons Melibocus

(82 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] (Μηλίβοκον ὄρος). Nach Ptol. (2,11,7) das nördlichste und bedeutendste Gebirge in Germania, das sich über mehrere Längengrade erstreckt; die Südgrenze der Cherusci und Chamavi. Die genaue Identifizierung ist umstritten. Zuletzt hat man hierfür den Thüringer Wald und das Erzgebirge in Anspruch genommen. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography A. Franke, s.v. Melibocus mons, RE 15, 509  G.Chr. Hansen, in: J. Herrmann (Hrsg.), Griech. und lat. Quellen zur Frühgesch. Mitteleuropas bis zur Mitte des 1. Jt. u.Z., 3. Teil, 1991, 564, 572f.

Lemovii

(67 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Stamm an der Ostsee zw. Oder und Weichsel (Tac. Germ. 44,1), den Rugii benachbart. Die Lesart des Namens ist unsicher, Gleichsetzung mit anderen, etwa bei Ptolemaios überlieferten Stammesnamen hypothetisch. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography A. Franke, s.v. L., RE Suppl. 5, 549  G. Perl, in: J. Herrmann (Hrsg.), Griech. und lat. Quellen zur Frühgesch. Mitteleuropas bis zur Mitte des 1. Jt. u.Z., Teil 2, 1990, 249.

Iversheim

(191 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Röm. Kalkgewinnungszentrum der Germania Inferior, h. Bad Münstereifel-I. an der Erft. Älteste Funde reichen bis ins 1. Jh.n.Chr. zurück. Ausgegraben wurde eine vollständige Kalkbrennerei. Um 270 n.Chr. wurden die Anlagen von Franken stark zerstört, doch bald danach wiedererrichtet. Im 4. Jh. wurde der Betrieb der Brennerei aufgegeben. Das Gebiet war großenteils dem Militär unterstellt. Ab Mitte des 2. bis 3. Jh. stand hier eine vexillatio der Bonner legio I Minervia (CIL XIII 7943-7948). Aus dem 3. Jh. sind Weihesteine von Angehörigen der Xantener legio XXX…

Lupia

(291 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] A. Geographie und Überlieferung Etwas oberhalb von Vetera mündender rechter Nebenfluß des Rheins (Strab. 7,1,3), h. Lippe. Für Mela 3,30 sind Moenus (Main) und L. die bekanntesten Nebenflüsse des Rhenus (Rhein), womit die wicht…

Lesura

(84 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Linker Nebenfluß der Mosel (Auson. Mos. 365), der nahe Bernkastel in die Mosel mündet, h. Lieser. L. bzw. Lesora heißt ein Berg in den Cevennen, h. Lozère (Sidon. carm. 24,44; vgl. Plin. nat. 11, 240), Lesuros (Hekat. FGrH 1 F 48) ein Fluß an der spanischen Ostküste. Eine Lieser gibt es auch in Kärnten. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography F. Cramer, s.v. L., RE 12, 2138  L. Weisgerber, Erläuterungen zur Karte der römerzeitlich bez…

Idistaviso

(89 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Ort einer Schlacht zw. Germanen unter Arminius und Römern unter Germanicus. Dieser hatte im Sommer 16 n.Chr. die Truppen über See zur Ems und weiter zu Land über die Weser geführt. In der I. gen. Ebene (

Rigodulum

(95 words)

Mattiaci

(362 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Ein in der röm. Kaiserzeit in Wetterau und Taunus siedelnder Stamm. Der kelt. Name wird mit Mattium, dem Hauptort der Chatti (vgl. Ptol. 2,11,14: Ματτικόν), in Verbindung gebracht. Diskutiert wird, ob die M. ein Teilstamm der german. Chatti waren, der sich schon in augusteischer Zeit von diesen gelöst und mit röm. Zustimmung im gen. Siedlungsgebiet niedergelassen hatte (ältere Forschung, vgl. [1; 2. 52-57; 3], ob es sich bei den M. um die aus Anlaß der Zerstörung von Mattium 15 n.Chr. gen. (Tac.…

Lopodunum

(393 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] h. Ladenburg am Unterlauf des Nicer (Neckar). Der kelt. ON, früher noch als “Feste des Lo(u)pos” gedeutet, bedeutet “Sumpfburg” o.ä. [1]. Wenige arch. Spuren der kelt. Vorbevölkerung sind erh. Etwa seit tiberischer Zeit (14-37 n.Chr.) wurden im unteren Flußgebiet Suebi aus dem elbgerman. Raum seßhaft. Man vermutet, daß die Römer selbst diese zur Sicherung des rechtsrheinischen Vorfeldes ansiedelten, zumindest tolerierten. Schon in der 1. H. des 1. Jh.n.Chr. hatte die Bevölkerung durch enge Ko…

Munimentum

(260 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] [1] M. Traiani Kaiser Iulianus [11] erneuerte bei einem Feldzug von Mogontiacum aus im Herbst 357 n.Chr. M.T., welches einst Traianus errichtet hatte (Amm. 17,1,11). Den Alamanni wurde auferlegt, im Bedarfsfall der Besatzung Nahrungsmittel zu liefern. Die Identität dieses M. Traiani ist umstritten. Vorgeschlagen wurden Orte zw. Main und Neckar; neuerdings will man M. nicht als Kastell, sondern als mil. Gesamtanlage verstehen, d.h. als den Limes, mit Konsequenzen auch für die Frage nach der röm. Kontinuität im rechtsrheinischen Vorfeld [3]. Wiegels, Rainer (O…

Novaesium

(340 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Bataveraufstand | Legio | Limes H. Neuss am linken Ufer des Rheins bei der Erftmündung, wo seit etwa 16 v.Chr. ein bed…

Marcomagus

(120 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Station (Itin. Anton. 373,2; Tab. Peut. 3,1) an der röm. Straße von Augusta [6] Treverorum nach Colonia Agrippinensis, h. Nettersheim-Marmagen, Kreis Euskirchen. Evtl. knüpft sie an einen im Urfttal südl. von Nettersheim gelegenen vicus an, der wohl in der 2. H. des 3. Jh.n.Chr. aufgelassen wurde (vgl. [1; 2]; CIL XVII 2, 554 von 350-353 n.Chr.).…

Nida

(293 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Theater Röm. vicus, h. Frankfurt a.M.-Heddernheim. Seit flavischer Zeit (2. H. 1. Jh.n.Chr.) sind zw. Heddernheim und dem angrenzenden Praunheim mindestens 10 Lager nachgewiesen. Längerfristig belegt war nur ein etwa 5 ha umfassendes Alenkastell, das in frühflavischer Zeit als Holz-Erde-Kastell errichtet und gegen E. des 1. Jh. in Stein ausgebaut wurde. Als Besatzung ist die ala I Flavia Gemina anzunehmen. Ferner sind durch Inschr. die cohors IV Vindelicorum un…

Palas

(82 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Gegend, in der Grenzsteine die Gebiete der Burgundiones und Römer schieden, auch Capellatium genannt; hierher unternahm Iulianus [11] 359 n.Chr. einen rechtsrheinischen Feldzug gegen die Alamanni (Amm. 18,2,15). P. ist verm. bei Öhringen im NO von Heilbronn zu suchen. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography P. Goessler s.v. P., RE 18.2, 2516-2528  W. Dahlheim, Capellatium, in: RGA 4, 1980, 338f. …

Nabalia

(155 words)

Laciburgium

(61 words)

Nuit(h)ones

(78 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Die N. gehörten zu den Stämmen im Kultverband der Göttin Nerthus (Tac. Germ. 40,2); sie werden in Holstein und im westl. Mecklenburg lokalisiert [1. 218; 2. 460-465]. Die von [3] vorgeschlagene Lesart Teutones für N. ist nicht überzeugend. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography 1 A. Lund (Hrsg.), P. Cornelius Tacitus: Germania, 1988 2 D. Timpe, Tacitus' Germania als religionsgesch. Quelle, in: German. Religionsgesch. (Ergbd. RGA 5), 1992, 434-485 3 A. Genrich, Der Siedlungsraum der Nerthusstämme, in: Die Kunde 26/7, 1975…

Icorigium

(137 words)

Iuliacum

(149 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Röm. Straßenstation (Itin. Anton. 375,8; 378,7; Tab. Peut. 2,5) der Germania Inferior an der Straße Köln - Tongeren am Übergang der Rur, h. Jülich. Inschr. belegt sind [vic]ani [Iuliac]enses auf dem Sockel einer Iuppitersäule des frühen 2. Jh.n.Chr. [1. 195 Nr. 196]. Ziegel der legio VI Victrix, die Weihinschr. eines ihrer Soldaten (CIL XIII 7869) und ein Totenmahlrelief bezeugen die Anwesenheit des Militärs. I. war Zentralort einer fruchtbaren Siedlungslandschaft mit vielen villae rusticae. Anf. des 4. Jh. wurde I. mit einer vierzehneckigen Mauer umgeben. Erwähnt noch bei Amm. 17,2,1 zum J. 357 n.Chr. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography 1 H. Nesselhauf, H. Lieb, Dritter Nachtrag zu CIL XIII, in: BRGK 40, 1959. G. Alföldy, Ein neuer Matronenaltar aus Jülich, in: Epigraphische Stud. 4, 1967, 1-25  P.J. Tholen, I.-Jülich. Eine top. Stud., in: BJ 175, 1975, 231-255  C.B. Rüger, P. Noelke, K. Grewe, Jülich, in: H.G. Horn (Hrsg.), Die Römer in Nordrhein-Westfalen, 1987, 447-452.

Nava

(177 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Bei Bingium mündender linker Nebenfluß des Rheins (Auson. Mos. 1: ‘die schnelle N.’), h. Nahe. In frühröm. Zeit lebten im Bereich der N., wo auch einige oppida nachgewiesen sind, kelt. Treveri. Unter Augustus …

Salmona

(25 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Linker Nebenfluß der Mosella (Auson. Mos. 366), h. Salm. Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography J. B. Keune, s. v. S., RE 1 A, 1986.

Kastel

(388 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Röm. Kastell und Vicus Castellum Mattiacorum rechts des Rheins im Gebiet der Mattiaci, h. Mainz-Kastel. Als Brückenkopf sicherte wohl schon seit Augustus ein Holz-Erde-Kastell den Rheinübergang. Spätestens ab Tiberius (14-37 n.Chr.) überspannte hier eine hölzerne Pfahlrostbrücke (ca. 700 m L) den Fluß. Ihr Ausbau in Stein begann vielleicht schon in claudisch-neronischer Zeit (41-68 n.Chr.). Die Wehranlage wurde wohl im Vierkaiserjahr (69 n.Chr.) zerstört, aber bald wieder als kleines …

Nemetes

(270 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] (Νέμητες). German. Stamm, der - nach dem kelt. Namen zu schließen - vor der Römerzeit verm. im Kontaktraum zw. Kelten und Germanen siedelte, jedoch kaum zu den Suebi zu zählen ist. Erstmals erwähnt werden die N. neben Triboci und Vangiones, mit denen sie auch später wiederholt zusammen genannt werden (Plin. nat. 4,106; Tac. Germ. 28,4; Ptol. 2,9,17), unter den sieben Stämmen, die Ariovistus über den Rhein geführt hatte (Caes. Gall. 1,51,2). Sie verblieben jedoch nicht dort, sonde…

Kalkriese

(423 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Kalkriese Seit 1987 kommen im Zuge systematischer arch. Unt. in K. bei Bramsche, Landkreis Osnabrück, zahlreiche römerzeitliche Funde zutage, welche einen ausgedehnten Kampfplatz zw. Römern und Germanen belegen. Bis E. 1997 wurden einschließlich Altfunden nahezu 3000 Objekte geborgen, darunter etwa 1300 Mz. und 1600 im weiten Sinne den Römern zuzuschreibende “Militaria”. Hinzu kommen organische Überreste u.a. von Kulturpflanzen, aber auch …

Marcodurum

(58 words)

Author(s): Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Bataveraufstand Ort im westl. Gebiet der Ubii, evtl. h. Düren oder eher Merken bei Düren, wo cohortes Ubiorum beim Aufstand des Iulius [II 43] Civilis 69 n.Chr. vernichtet wurden (Tac. hist. 4,28,2). Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) Bibliography A. Franke, s.v. M., RE 14, 1680f.  C.B. Rüger, Germania Inferior, 1968, 82.

Rhenus

(1,104 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) | Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] [1] River in upper-Italy, present-day Reno in Emilia-Romagna River in Upper Italy, present-day Reno in Emilia-Romagna, right-hand feeding river of the Padus (Po), which rises in the Apennines above Pistoriae (Pistoia) and flows past Marzabotto through the region of Felsina (Bononia [1]). In Etruscan times it flowed into the Padus near Voghiera to the southeast of Ferrara, in Roman times somewhat more to the west. Nowadays it flows via an artificial canal directly into the Adriatic Sea. In…

Marsi

(456 words)

Author(s): de Vido, Stefania (Venice) | Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[German version] [1] Tribe in the Central Italian Appenninus Tribe in the Central Italian Appenninus near Lacus Fucinus (Str. 5,2,1; Ptol. 3,1,57), regarded as brave and warlike (Str. 5,4,2; Plin. HN 3,106; Liv. 8,29,4; Verg. G. 2,167; cf. the etymological derivation from ‘Mars’). As descendants of a son of Circe they…

Rhenus

(907 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florenz) | Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] [1] Fluß in Ober-Italien, h. Reno in der Emilia-Romagna Fluß in Ober-It., h. Reno in der Emilia-Romagna, rechter Zufluß des Padus (Po), der im Appenninus oberhalb von Pistoriae entspringt und an Marzabotto vorbei durch das Gebiet von Felsina (Bononia [1]) fließt. In etr. Zeit mündete er bei Voghiera im SO von Ferrara in den Padus, in röm. Zeit etwas westl. davon. Er mündet h. über einen künstlichen Kanal direkt in die Adria. Sein Flußtal diente z.Z. der Villanova-Kultur und in etr. Zeit als natürliche Verbindung zw. Italia und der Ebene des Padus; so…

Marsi

(416 words)

Author(s): de Vido, Stefania (Venedig) | Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück)
[English version] [1] Volksstamm im mittelitalienischen Appenninus Volksstamm im mittelitalienischen Appenninus im Gebiet des Lacus Fucinus (Strab. 5,2,1; Ptol. 3,1,57), galt als tapfer und kriegerisch (Strab. 5,4,2; Plin. nat. 3,106; Liv. 8,29,4; Verg. georg. 2,167; vgl. die etym. Ableitung von “Mars”). Als Nachkommen eines Sohnes der Kirke sollen sie gegen Schlangengift immun gewesen sein (Plin. nat. 7,15; 21,78; 25,11; 28,30; Gell. 16,11,1; vgl. auch Cic. div. 1,132; 2,70; Hor. epod. 17,29; Hor. car…
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