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Medius

(333 words)

Author(s): Beck, Hans (Cologne) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Inwood, Brad (Toronto)
[German version] [1] Dynast of Larisa, conqueror of Pharsalus 395 BC (Μήδιος/ Mḗdios in MSS; better Μήδειος/ Mḗdeios, in epigraphy). Dynast of Larisa [3], of the Aleuadae family, successor of Aristippus; in 395 BC he joined the newly formed anti-Spartan alliance in the fight against the tyrant Lycophron [2] of Pherae and captured Pharsalus, which housed a Spartan garrison (Diod. Sic. 14,82,5f.; cf. Aristot. Hist. an. 618b). Beck, Hans (Cologne) Bibliography H.-J. Gehrke, Stasis, 1985, 191. [German version] [2] Hetairos of Alexander the Great and author of a work about him Son of Oxyth…

Eurydice

(660 words)

Author(s): Graf, Fritz (Columbus, OH) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)
(Εὐρυδίκη; Eurydíkē). [German version] [1] Frequently occurring name of Greek heroines Frequently occurring name of Greek heroines, initially that of the wife of Aeneas in the  Cypria (Paus. 10,26,1; catalogue [1. 193]). The best-known is the wife of  Orpheus; the myth is told by  Vergilius (Georg. 4,453-527) and  Ovidius (Met. 10,1-147; 11,1-66) in the form that has since become canonical: E. died of a snakebite on the day of her marriage; through the power of his songs Orpheus was able to persuade the ru…

Tlepolemus

(811 words)

Author(s): Heinze, Theodor (Geneva) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Ameling, Walter (Jena)
(Τληπόλεμος/ Tlēpólemos, Doric Τλαπόλεμος/ Tlāpólemos). [German version] [1] Son of Heracles and Astyochia Son of Heracles [1] and Astyochia. After the Heraclidae retreated from the Peloponnese, T. settled in Argos along with Licymnius [1] and killed him there in the midst of an argument (Diod. 4,58,5-8; in Tiryns: Pind. Ol. 7,20-38; unintentionally: Zenon of Rhodos FGrH 523 F 1). As a result, T. fled to Rhodos, where he followed the Doric tradition and "settled three times according to phyle " (Hom. Il. 2,668), that is, he created a new political fo…

Phthia

(341 words)

Author(s): Kramolisch, Herwig (Eppelheim) | Meyer, Ernst (Zürich) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)
[German version] [1] Kingdom of Peleus and Achilles (Φθία/ Phthía, Φθίη/ Phthíē). The kingdom of Peleus and Achilles [1], home of the Myrmidones (Hom. Il. 1,155; 2,683f.; 762-767; 19,323; Hom. Od. 11,496), extending over the valley of the Spercheius and the adjacent north shore of the Thermaios Kolpos (Str. 9,5,8). The Spercheius was regarded as the home river of Achilles (Hom. Il. 23,140-144) and Phthios as the son of Spercheus (schol. Hom. Il. 23,142). The Dolopes lived 'in the most remote part of P.' (H…

Archon

(211 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich)
[German version] [1] Macedonian officer, Satrap of Babylonia (2nd half 4th cent. BC) Macedonian officer in the army of  Alexander [4], in 326 BC one of the triarchoi of the fleet on the  Hydaspes, prior to Alexander's death satrap of Babylonia, where he stayed on after the reorganization of Babylon (Diod. Sic. 18,3,3). Soon after, however,  Perdiccas sent  Docimus as his successor. A. was killed in the fight against him (Arr. succ. FGrH 156 F 10). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 103. [German version] [2] Achaean strategos (1st half of the 2nd cent. BC) Of Aegira, br…

Mentor

(446 words)

Author(s): Frey, Alexandra (Basle) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Neudecker, Richard (Rome)
(Μέντωρ; Méntōr). [German version] [1] Father of Imbrios of Pedaion Father of Imbrius of Pedaeum (Hom. Il. 13,171). Frey, Alexandra (Basle) [German version] [2] Son of Alkimos, companion of Odysseus M. of Ithaca, son of Alcimus (Hom. Od. 22,235), companion of Odysseus, who on his departure to Troy hands over to M. the supervision of his household (ibid. 2,225ff.). In the People's Assembly M. firmly opposes the behaviour of the suitors (ibid. 2,224ff.). The goddess Athena often takes on his form in order to help Telemachus wi…

Cleitus

(556 words)

Author(s): Michel, Raphael (Basle) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg)
(Κλειτός, Κλεῖτος, Κλῖτος; Kleitós, Kleîtos, Klîtos, ‘The Famous One’). [German version] [1] Nephew of the seer Melampus Nephew of the famous seer  Melampus, son of Mantius, father of Coeranus. He was abducted by Eos because of his beauty (Hom. Od. 15,249f.; Pherecydes FGrH 3 F 115a). Michel, Raphael (Basle) [German version] [2] Great nephew of C. [1] Great nephew of C. [1], son of Polyidus and Eurydameia. He and his brother Euchenor marched with the Epigones ( Epigoni [2]) against Thebes and then joined Agamemnon (Pherecydes ibid.). Michel, Raphael (Basle) [German version] [3] Son of…

Amyntas

(921 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Karttunen, Klaus (Helsinki) | Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
(Ἀμύντας; Amýntas). [German version] [1] Macedonian king (end of 6th cent. BC) First historically verifiable king of Macedonia, friend of the  Peisistratids. Upon Darius' appearance in Europe he became his vassal-satrap and was rewarded with an expansion of his territory and the marriage of his daughter to a member of the  Achaemenids. His son  Alexander [2] invented a novelistic history (Hdt. 5,17 ff.), in order to make this credible for the Greeks. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Borza, 98 ff. E. Badian, Herodotus on Alexander I of Macedon, in: S. Hornblower (ed.), G…

Callisthenes

(547 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Nadig, Peter C. (Duisburg)
(Καλλισθένης; Kallisthénēs). [German version] [1] Of Olynthus, Alexander historian, related to Aristotle Callisthenes of  Olynthus,  Alexander historian, son of a female cousin of  Aristotle [6], who raised him (Plut. Alexander 55,8) and whom he accompanied to  Assos, Macedonia and then perhaps to Athens. After the death of  Hermias [1] he wrote in praise of him (quoted by Didymus, In Demosthenem 5-6). Together with Aristotle he composed a list of Pythionikai ( Pythia) and agonothetai ( Agonothetes) of the Pythian Games for which the two were honoured in Delphi (Syll.3 275). The…

Hegesistratus

(274 words)

Author(s): Beck, Hans (Cologne) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Ameling, Walter (Jena)
(Ἡγησίστρατος; Hēgēsístratos). [German version] [1] Tyrant of Sigeum, around 530 BC Son of  Peisistratus and the Argive Timonassa (Hdt. 5,94; Aristot. Ath. Pol. 17,3). Installed as tyrant of Sigeum by his father around 530 BC, he defended the city as a colony of the Peisistratids against the Mytilenaeans (Hdt. loc. cit.).  Tyrannis Beck, Hans (Cologne) Bibliography Davies 11793,VI (B) M. Stahl, Aristokraten und Tyrannen, 1987, 220f. Traill, PAA 481600. [German version] [2] Seer in the army of Mardonius, 5th cent. BC H. of Elis, son of Tellias. Fled from Spartan captivity an…

Chaeron

(334 words)

Author(s): Bloch, René (Berne) | Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)
(Χαίρων; Chaírōn). [German version] [1] Mythical son of Apollo and Thero Mythical son of Apollo and Thero (in Plut. Sulla 17: Thuro); founder of the city named after him,  Chaeronea (Hes. Cat. fr. 252 M-W = Paus. 9,40,5f.; Hellanicus FGrH 379 F3). Plutarch names a son dead in childhood after him (Consolatio ad uxorem 5 p. 609d). Bloch, René (Berne) [German version] [2] Spartan polemarch, late 5th cent. BC Spartan polemarch who died in 403 BC in  Pausanias' assault on Piraeus. He was buried on the Cerameicus (Xen. Hell. 2,4,33; Lys. epit. 63). His grave has been p…

Craterus

(667 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Meister, Klaus (Berlin) | Nutton, Vivian (London)
(Κράτερος, Κρατερός; Kráteros, Kraterós). [German version] [1] Son of Alexander of Orestis, commander under Alexander the Great Son of Alexander of Orestis. Under Alexander [4], he commanded a   táxis of the   pezétairoi at the  Granicus (334 BC), and near  Issus (333) and  Gaugamela (331), he commanded the entire regiment. C. held a leading command against the  Uxii and the Ariobarzanes [2], as he also did in the wars in  Hyrcania and Areia [1] after Darius' death [3]. He played an important role in the …

Cleander

(290 words)

Author(s): Meister, Klaus (Berlin) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)
(Κλέανδρος; Kléandros). [German version] [1] C. of Gela Founded tyrannis in Gela in 505 BC Son of Pantares. C. founded c. 505 BC the tyrannis in  Gela and was assassinated after governing for seven years. C. created the preconditions for the rise of Gela under his brother and successor Hippocrates [4] (Hdt. 7,154; Aristot. Pol. 1316a 37f.). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) Bibliography D. Asheri, in: CAH 42, 1988, 758 H. Berve, Die Tyrannis bei den Griechen, 1967, 137. [German version] [2] Spartan commander in Byzantium c. 400 BC Spartan commander ( harmostḗs) in Byzantium. After the Greek…

Kleandros

(275 words)

Author(s): Meister, Klaus (Berlin) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)
(Κλέανδρος). [English version] [1] K. aus Gela Begründete 505 v. Chr. die Tyrannis in Gela Sohn des Pantares. K. begründete ca. 505 v.Chr. die Tyrannis in Gela und fiel nach siebenjähriger Regierung einem Mordanschlag zum Opfer. K. schuf die Voraussetzungen für den Aufstieg Gelas unter seinem Bruder und Nachfolger Hippokrates [4] (Hdt. 7,154; Aristot. pol. 1316a 37f.). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) Bibliography D. Asheri, in: CAH 42, 1988, 758  H. Berve, Die Tyrannis bei den Griechen, 1967, 137. [English version] [2] Spartanischer Befehlshaber in Byzantion um 400 v. Chr. Spartanischer B…

Archon

(190 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Günther, Linda-Marie (München)
[English version] [1] Maked. Offizier, Satrap von Babylonien (2.H. 4. Jh. v. Chr.) Maked. Offizier im Heer Alexandros' [4], 326 v. Chr. einer der Trierarchen der Flotte auf dem Hydaspes, vor Alexandros' Tod Satrap von Babylonien, was er nach der Neuordnung von Babylon blieb (Diod. 18,3,3). Bald aber sandte ihm Perdikkas Dokimos als Nachfolger. Im Kampf gegen ihn fiel A. (Arr. succ. FGrH 156 F 10). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, Nr. 103. [English version] [2] Achaiischer Bundesstratege (1.H. 2. Jh. v. Chr) Aus Aigeira, Bruder des Xenarchos, wie Philopoimen u…

Herakles

(3,080 words)

Author(s): Graf, Fritz (Princeton) | Ley, Anne (Xanten) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)
(Ἡρακλῆς). [English version] [1] griech. Heros In Mythos und Kult der prominenteste griech. Heros (Heroenkult). In seinen Mythen, die sich zu keinem auf ihn fokussierten überragenden Werk der Dichtung niedergeschlagen haben, ist er bes. mit Theben, Argos und der Landschaft um Trachis verbunden, im Kult wird er fast panhellenisch verehrt, ohne daß aber ein Ort ein Heroengrab vorzeigen könnte. Graf, Fritz (Princeton) I. Kult und Mythos [English version] A. Name Sein Name ist schon in der Ant. mit dem der Hera verbunden worden: er fügt sich zur geläufigen Bildung gr…

Mentor

(395 words)

Author(s): Frey, Alexandra (Basel) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Neudecker, Richard (Rom)
(Μέντωρ). [English version] [1] Vater des Imbrios aus Pedaion Vater des Imbrios aus Pedaion (Hom. Il. 13,171). Frey, Alexandra (Basel) [English version] [2] Sohn des Alkimos, Gefährte des Odysseus M. aus Ithaka, Sohn des Alkimos (Hom. Od. 22,235), Gefährte des Odysseus; dieser überträgt M. bei seiner Abfahrt nach Troia die Aufsicht über sein Haus (ebd. 2,225ff.). M. tritt in der Volksversammlung energisch gegen das Verhalten der Freier auf (ebd. 2,224ff.). Die Göttin Athena nimmt oft seine Gestalt an, um Telemachos mit ihre…

Lykiskos

(296 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Günther, Linda-Marie (München)
(Λυκίσκος). [English version] [1] Statthalter von Epeiros, Ende 4. Jh. v. Chr. Wurde 316 v.Chr. von Kassandros, nachdem die Epeirotai (Epeiros) ihren König Aiakides [2] verbannt und sich Kassandros angeschlossen hatten, dort als Statthalter eingesetzt. Nach dem Synoikismos der östl. Akarnanes bekam er den Auftrag, die Akarnanes gegen die Aitoloi zu schützen. Aiakides kehrte zurück und machte Epeiros dem Kassandros abtrünnig, dessen Bruder Philippos ihn jedoch überwand und tötete. Als Alketas [3] Aiakides' P…

Chairon

(322 words)

Author(s): Bloch, René (Princeton) | Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)
(Χαίρων). [English version] [1] Sohn des Apollon und der Thero Mythischer Sohn des Apollon und der Thero (bei Plut. Sulla 17: Thuro), Gründer der nach ihm benannten Stadt Chaironeia (Hes. cat. fr. 252 M-W = Paus. 9,40,5f.; Hellanikos FGrH 379 F3). Plutarch nennt einen früh verstorbenen Sohn nach ihm (consolatio ad uxorem 5 p. 609d). Bloch, René (Princeton) [English version] [2] Spartanischer Polemarch, Ende 5. Jh. v.Chr. Spartanischer Polemarch, der 403 v.Chr. beim Sturm des Pausanias auf den Piräus fiel. Er wurde auf dem Kerameikos bestattet (Xen. hell. 2,4,33…

Kallisthenes

(517 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Nadig, Peter C. (Duisburg)
(Καλλισθένης). [English version] [1] von Olynthos, Alexanderhistoriker, mit Aristoteles verwandt K. von Olynthos, Alexanderhistoriker, Sohn einer Kusine von Aristoteles [6], bei dem er aufwuchs (Plut. Alexander 55,8) und den er nach Assos, nach Makedonien und vielleicht dann nach Athen begleitete. Nach dem Tod des Hermias [1] verfaßte er eine Lobschrift auf diesen (Zitat bei Didymos, In Demosthenem 5-6). Gemeinsam mit Aristoteles stellte er eine Liste der Pythionikai (Pythia) und Agonothetai (Agonothetes)…
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