Search

[German version] (Κάσσανδρος; Kássandros). Son of  Antipater [1], born before 353 BC (Ath. 1,18a), sent by his father in 324 in his place to  Alexander [4] in Babylon but was mistreated by the king, which caused lifelong hatred (Plut. Alexander 74). The slander spread by the circle around  Olympias that C. and his brother  Iolaus [3] poisoned Alexander is repeated in several sources and also in the  Alexander Romance (however, see Arr. Anab. 7,27; Plut. Alexander 74). After Alexander's death (323) …

(Τελεσφόρος, 'he/she who fulfills, accomplishes'). [German version] [1] God of healing in the form of a boy God of healing in the form of a boy and characteristic dress (capuchin: [2]), whose origin is unclear and whose worship from the 2nd cent. BC until the 1st cent. AD is recorded only by terracottas from various regions of the Greek world. T. is first mentioned by name in a Pergamene votive inscription from  98-102 AD [3. 135 no. 125]. Paus. 2,11,7 gives an account of his cult in Pergamum based on an oracle.…

[German version] [1] Egyptian ruler of the 1st Dynasty From the 19th Dynasty on (13th cent. BC), the Egyptian king lists mention a king M. (Egyptuan Mnj; Manetho: Μήνης/ Mḗnēs) as the first ruler of the 1st Dynasty, and the authors of classical antiquity simply shaped his image into that of the founder par excellence. The construction of the residential city of Memphis and its temple (Hdt. 2,99; Jos. Ant. Iud. 8,155), the invention of writing (Plin. HN 7,56), the laying down of laws in writing (Diod. 1,94) and generally the…

(Ἀρραβαῖος; Arrhabaîos). [German version] [1] King of Lyncestis (2nd half 5th cent. AD) Son of Bromerus and king of Lyncestis, who in 424-423 BC fought against  Brasidas and the Macedonian king Perdiccas II (Thuc. 4.79.2; 83; 124ff.). His independence was established in an agreement between Athens and Perdiccas (IG I3 1,89; date debated). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography HM Vol. 2, 14-19, 129-136 Borza, 150-154. [German version] [2] From the royal house of Lyncestis (middle 4th cent. AD) From the royal house of  Lyncestis. After  Alexander's [4] accession to the thron…

[German version] (βασιλικοὶ παῖδες; basilikoì paîdes). Lat. pueri regii, pages of the Macedonian king: boys recruited from aristocracy as hostages and as a ‘nursery for army leaders and officers’ (Curt. 8,6,6).  Alexander [4] kept more than 50 of them. They accompanied and guarded the king, rendered personal services, and were kept under strict discipline (Curt. 8,6,2-6), hence the Greeks often referred to them as slaves. It is not certain whether the older ones fought at the king's side.  Philippus II …

[German version] [1] Dynast of Larisa, conqueror of Pharsalus 395 BC (Μήδιος/ Mḗdios in MSS; better Μήδειος/ Mḗdeios, in epigraphy). Dynast of Larisa [3], of the Aleuadae family, successor of Aristippus; in 395 BC he joined the newly formed anti-Spartan alliance in the fight against the tyrant Lycophron [2] of Pherae and captured Pharsalus, which housed a Spartan garrison (Diod. Sic. 14,82,5f.; cf. Aristot. Hist. an. 618b). Beck, Hans (Cologne) Bibliography H.-J. Gehrke, Stasis, 1985, 191. [German version] [2] Hetairos of Alexander the Great and author of a work about him Son of Oxyth…

(Ἡφαιστίων; Hēphaistíōn). [German version] [1] Commander under Alexander the Great, 4th cent. BC H. of Pella, friend and probably lover of  Alexander [4]. Their relationship was soon likened to that of  Patroclus and  Achilles [1] and correspondingly embellished. It is doubtful whether he was a childhood friend of Alexander (Curt. 3,12,16), as he was not banished by  Philippus II in 337 BC. The wreath offered to Patroclus at Troy and the scene described in the vulgate version ( Alexander historians) of the c…

(Παρμενίων/ Parmeníōn). [German version] [1] General under Philippus [4] II Son of Philotas from Upper Macedonia, born in 400 BC, successful general under Philippus[4] II (cf. Plut. Mor. 177c); involved in 346 in the peace treaty with Athens (Dem. Or. 19,69; Philocrates [2]). After Philippus' marriage to Cleopatra [II 2], the niece of Attalus [1], P. gave him his daughter, shared with him command of the troops in Asia in 336 and then had him killed at the command of Alexander [4] the Great (Curt. 7,1,3). Thus he established his Hausmacht. Under Alexander he was the leader of the w…

[German version] Indian prince named after his tribe (the Abhisari), who was allied with  Poros. His territory reached from the southern chain of the Karakorum to Kashmir in the east and Hazera (near Rawalpindi) in the west. He supported the resistance to  Alexander [4] in Swat (Arr. Anab. 4,27,7; 30,7), but then sent him presents at Taxila (loc. cit. 5,8,3; in Curt. 8,13,1 false: homage). He was absent from the battle of the Hydaspes ( Hydaspes) even though it was expected that he would support P…

[German version] (Σιβύρτιος; Sibýrtios). Friend of Peucestas [2]. He was installed as satrap of Carmania by Alexander [4] in 325 BC, but was soon redeployed to Gedrosia with Arachosia and Oreitae (Arr. Anab. 6,27,1) and was confirmed in office by Perdiccas [4] and Antipater [1]; after 323, however, only Arachosia is mentioned (Diod. 18,3,3; Arr. FGrH 156 F 9,36). He allied himself to Eumenes [1] (Diod. 19,14,6), but had to flee when the latter accused him of high treason (Diod. 19,23,4; 19,27,4). A…

(Ἀριστόβουλος; Aristóboulos). [German version] [1] Judas A. I., High Priest 104-103 BC Judas A. I, son and successor of John  Hyrcanus, High Priest in 104-103 BC, had his mother and brother incarcerated or killed to secure his rule. This and his philhellenic leanings determined his negative image in Jewish tradition. The claim of Josephus that he took on the title of king is thrown into doubt by (rare) coins with the Hebrew legend: ‘Judas the High Priest and the Council of Elders of the Jews’. During his ca…

(Φίλα; Phíla). [German version] [1] One of the wives of Philip [4] II. According to Satyrus in Ath. 13,557c, one of the wives of Philippus [4] II, sister of Derdas [3] and Machatas [1]. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) [German version] [2] Wife of Alexander [7] Oldest daughter of Antipater [1] and probably the wife of Alexander [7], born therefore around 355 BC. She later married Balacrus [1] and, in 322 BC, Craterus [1] by whom she had a son Craterus [2]. In 321/320 BC her father married her to Demetrius [2], the father of her children Antig…

[German version] (Φαρνούχης; Pharnoúchēs), a Lycian interpreter (though, as his name shows, from a Persian colonist family), was assigned in 329 BC by Alexander [4]  the Great to a task force under the leadership of three hetaíroi that was to relieve the fortress of Marakanda from siege by Spitamenes. By means of the incompetence of the officers the troops were almost completely annihilated. It is impossible that a P. had three hetaíroi under his command (as Arr. Anab. 4,3,7 reports on the authority of Ptolemaeus and Aristobulus [7]): it is certain that he was, as …

[German version] (Λεόννατος; Leónnatos). L., who was born around 356 BC to the royal house of Lyncestis ( Lyncus), may have been the son of a certain Anteas. In 336 he took part in the prosecution of the murderer of Philippus II. As one of his hetairoi, L. was sent by Alexander [4] the Great with a message of solace to the family of Darius [3] (Arr. Anab. 2,12,5; also Curt.; Diod. Sic.). Appointed to the somatophylakes (‘bodyguards’) (Arr. Anab. 3,5,5), L. took part in the coup against Philotas (Curt. 6,8,17) and attempted to prevent the killing of Cleitus [6]. L. confounded the plan to introduce pr…

[German version] [1] Macedonian commander (320-319 BC) Son of Iolaus,  399/398 BC, was certainly already active militarily and diplomatically under  Philippus and under his father  Amyntas and brothers. He was especially connected with  Alexander [4] and secured his throne after the murder of Philippus. During Alexander's invasion in Asia he remained with half of the Macedonian army as governor of Europe. He monitored Greece and sent mercenaries and Macedonian contingents during the first year of the …

(Ἀσάνδρος; Asándros) [German version] [1] Macedonian satrap of Lydia (334-331 BC) Son of a certain Philotas, probably related to  Parmenion, under Alexander [4] the Great the commander of the  Prodromoi and  Paeones (so in Diod. Sic. 17,17,4), in 334-331 BC satrap of  Lydia; he participated in the conquest of  Caria. In the winter of 329/28 he led troops to Alexander and then is no longer mentioned. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve, 2, no. 165 Heckel, 385. [German version] [2] Macedonian satrap of Caria (around 320 BC) Son of Agathon, after the death of  Alexander…

(Εὐρυδίκη; Eurydíkē). [German version] [1] Frequently occurring name of Greek heroines Frequently occurring name of Greek heroines, initially that of the wife of Aeneas in the  Cypria (Paus. 10,26,1; catalogue [1. 193]). The best-known is the wife of  Orpheus; the myth is told by  Vergilius (Georg. 4,453-527) and  Ovidius (Met. 10,1-147; 11,1-66) in the form that has since become canonical: E. died of a snakebite on the day of her marriage; through the power of his songs Orpheus was able to persuade the ru…

[German version] (Μυλλέας; Mylléas). Son of  Zoilus from Beroea [1]. In 326 BC he was one of the trierarchs of  Alexander  [4] the Great's Indus fleet (Arr. Ind. 18,6). M.'s son Alexander was granted citizenship in Athens  (IG II/III2 710). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)

[German version] (Δρωπίδης; Drōpídēs). From an aristocratic Athenian family (an ancestor with the same name was an archon in 645/4 BC and related to  Solon); according to Curtius 3,13,15, he was one of the three Athenian emissaries to  Darius [3] captured by  Parmenion after the battle of  Issus (in 333). The account in Arrian An. 3,24,4, needs to be corrected in some details where it deviates from Curtius [1. 1, 233f.] but reports credibly that  Alexander [4] had him arrested. His fate is unknown. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography 1 Bosworth, Commentary.

(Μελέαγρος/ Meléagros, Lat. Meleager). [German version] [1] Hero from the pre-Trojan period, Argonaut Mythological hero. Hero from the generation before the Trojan War, from Calydon [3], the capital city of the Aetolians. As one the Argonauts ( Argonautae) M. participated in the funereal games for Pelias (Stesich. PMG 179; Diod. 4,48,4). As the brother of Deianeira he is also linked with the Hercules cycle (Bacchyl. 5,170-175; Pind. fr. 70b). First and foremost, however, he is associated with the local legend of Calydon. In the archaic period there were two variations of the …