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Natural Religion

(1,284 words)

Author(s): Byrne, Peter | Holmes, Stephen R.
[German Version] …

Deism

(4,554 words)

Author(s): Byrne, Peter | Hornig, Gottfried | Pailin, David Arthur | Walters, Kerry S.
[German Version] I. Philosophy of Religion – II. Dogmatics – III. Europe – IV. North America I. Philosophy of Religion

Empiricism

(863 words)

Author(s): Engfer, Jürgen | Byrne, Peter | Peters, Karl E.
[German Version] I. Philosophy – II. Philosophy of Religion – III. Science and Religion I. Philosophy The contrasting positions held by empiricists and rationalists (Rationalism…

Agnosticism

(1,006 words)

Author(s): Löhr, Gebhard | Byrne, Peter | Ven, Johannes van der | Ustorf, Werner
[German Version] I. History of Religions – II. Philosophy of Religion – III. Practical Theology – IV. Missiology I. History of Religions The term “agnosticism” originally referred to the impossibility of attaining certain metaphysical knowledge or, with reference to transcendent questions, to gain grounded judgments. The term stems from T.H. Huxley (1869; see also II). While for Huxley, agnosticism was epistemologically justified, the use of the term today is usually motivated in a variety of ways. The Sophist Protagoras of Abdera (

Clarke, Samuel

(158 words)

Author(s): Byrne, Peter
[German Version] Oct 11, 1675, Norwich – May 17, 1729, Leicestershire), an exponent of rationalist and liberal theology in the 18th century. Clarke studied in Cambridge …

Butler, Joseph

(362 words)

Author(s): Byrne, Peter
[German Version] (May 18, 1692, Wantage, Berkshire – Jun 16, 1752, Bath) studied at Oriel College in Oxford and held many appointments in the Church of England (including bishop of Bristol, dean of St. Paul's, and bishop of Durham). His main works are: Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel (1726) and The Analogy of Religion (1736). The latter became particularly important for the history of English theology, as it contained a – for its time – successful defense of Christian revelation and was used as a primer in the ¶ education of English ordinands for decades after his death. The Sermon…