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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Port in Liburnia, modern Senj in Croatia, a Roman oppidum (Plin. HN 3,140), but possibly a colonia (cf. Tac. Hist. 4,45: “colonia Sienensis”), there were Augustales [1] there. S. was a toll station “(portiorum publicum Illyrici”, CIL III 3016 f.). The officials of S. were from Italic families (Gavii, Gessii, Verridii); in the 2nd/3rd cent. AD families from eastern  provinces settled in S. (evidence of a Jew from Tiberias, a Greek from Nicomedia). Cabanes, Pierre (Clermont-Ferrand) Bibliography J. J. Wilkes, Dalmatia, …

[German version] (Τριβαλλοί; Triballoí). Illyrian (App. Ill. 2 f.; Steph. Byz. s. v. Τ.) or Thracian (Str. 7,3,13; 7,5,6) tribe between the lower Margus and present-day Iskar - right side-arms of the Istrus [2] (Danube). In the 5th cent. BC, the Athenian sources mention T. who mostly had been sold to Attica as slaves by the Odrysae (Hdt. 4,49; Thuc. 2,96); Aristoph. Av. 1529-1565 emphasizes their wildness (cf. later Isoc. Or. 8,50). Isocrates (Or. 12,227 f.), however, focused on their unity which h…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Thraci, Thracia | Christianity | | Coloniae | Legio | Limes | Moesi, Moesia (Σινγίδουνον/ Singídounon). City where the Savus flows into the Istrus [2] (Ptol. 3,9,3; It. Ant. 132,1) with a river port, modern Belgrade in Serbia. The site was settled from the Neolithic onwards, later occupied by the Romans, after AD 86 the headquarters of the legio IV Flavia Felix. S. was situated in the province of Moesia superior, after 169 it became a municipium, 238 a colonia. Inscriptions (CIL III 1660; 6307 f.; 6452; 145341) mention ordo, duovir…

[German version] (Τίμαυον/ Tímauon). River in the border region between Histria and Venetia. It flows through karst country, in parts of which it seeps away. It moved ancient authors to astonishment with its numerous springs of abundant water (according to Verg. Aen. 1,245 nine, according to Pol. in Str. 5,1,8 seven springs). According to Plin. HN 3,128, it was connected to the Istrus [2] (Danube) (cf. the return of the Argonauts, Mart. 4,25,5 f.; 8,28,7 f.). Today, from its source at the foot of t…

[German version] (Σπλαῦνον; Splaûnon). The location of the fortress conquered by Germanicus [2] in 9 AD (Cass. Dio 56,11-17) is debatable: near Šipovo (extended settlement from the Roman period: [1]) or farther east at Plevlje in Bosnia: [2]. Cabanes, Pierre (Clermont-Ferrand) Bibliography 1 G. Alföldy, Σπλαῦνον-S., in: Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 10, 1967, 3-18 2 J. J. Wilkes, Dalmatia, 1969, 74, 282.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Liburnian coastal city on the road from Aquileia [1] to Siscia (Plin. HN 3,140; Tab. Peut. 5,1 f.;  It. Ant. 273: Tharsatico), modern Trsat to the east of Rijeka. Oppidum, tribus Sergia ( duoviri, decuriones: CIL III, 3027-3029). Cabanes, Pierre (Clermont-Ferrand) Bibliography J. Šašel, s. v. Alpium Iuliarum Claustra, RE Suppl. 13, 11-14.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Venetic | | Coloniae | Moesi, Moesia | Pannonia | Regio, regiones (Τεργέστε/ Tergéste; modern Trieste). Village settlement, later a polis or fortress, port in the territory of the Illyrian Carni to the east of Aquileia [1] (Artemidorus [3] fr. 9, GGM I, 575; Caes. B Gall. 8,24; Str.  5,1,9; 7,5,2; Vell.  Pat. 2,110,4; in Ptol. 1,15,3; 3,1,27: Τέργεστον/ Térgeston; Steph. Byz. s. v. Τέγεστρα). Roman colonia, tribus Pupinia, probably from the Roman civil war in 42/1 BC onwards (Plin. HN 3,127). Parts of …

[German version] (Ταυλάντιοι/ Taulántioi). Illyrian people, known already by Hecataeus (FGrH 1 F 99; 101; cf. Ael. NA 14,1; Str. 7,7,8; App. Ill. 16; App. B Civ. 2,39; Ptol. 3,13,3; 3,13,20; Liv. 45,26,13; Plin. HN 3,144; Mela 2,3). Galaurus, a king of the T. and an enemy of the Macedonians (Polyaenus Strat. 4,1), has been dated to as early as the end of the 7th cent. BC. At the founding of Epidamnos (Dyrrhachium) in 626/5 BC, the T. came to the aid of the colonists of Corcyra against Liburnian pir…

[German version] City in the territory of the Dalmatae (CIL XIII 6538; 14249,2: S. [1. 121]; Ptol. 2,17,9: Σαλουία/Salouía; It. Ant. 269,4: Salviae). After the Roman conquest in AD 6-9, it was in the province of Dalmatia on the Salona - Servitium road, modern Podgradina near Glamoc̆polje or Halapić (in Bosnia). Municipium from the time of Hadrianus onwards (CIL XIII 6538). Cult of Silvanus Silvestris (CIL XIII 13985; cf. [2]). Cabanes, Pierre (Clermont-Ferrand) Bibliography 1 C. Patsch, Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der römischen Provinz Dalmatia, in: Wissenschaftli…

[German version] (Νόης/ Nóēs, Lat. Novas, Noas). Right hand tributary of the Ister [1], which rises in eastern Thrace (Hdt. 4,49; Val. Fl. 4,719; 6,100) and flows through the territory of the Crobyzi. Possibly identical with the modern  Osâm. Cabanes, Pierre (Clermont-Ferrand) Bibliography E. Oberhummer, s.v. Noes, RE 17, 810  D. Detschew, Die thrakischen Sprachreste, 1957, 332.

[German version] (Τραγούριον/ Tragoúrion, Trogir, Trau; also modern Trogir). City on a small island off the coast of Illyria, to the northwest of Salona. Archaeological finds (primarily ceramics) provide evidence of an Illyrian settlement, before Greek colonists from Issa settled in T. and in Epetium neighbouring to the east around the turn of the 3rd and 2nd cents. BC (Str. 7,5,5); relations between Issa and its two daughter cities were very close (Pol. 32,9,2). C. 158 BC there were attacks by the Dalmatae. In 56 BC, Caesar awarded T. the status of a civitas libera et foederata ('free and…

[German version] (Ναράκου στόμα/ Narákou stóma, Latin Naracustoma). One of the delta branches of the Danube (Istrus [2]; Plin. HN 4,79; Apoll. Rhod. 4,310ff.; Arr. Peripl. p. eux. 24,1; Anon. Peripl. m. Eux. 67; Amm. Marc. 22,8,45; Solin. 13,1). Apollonius places it north of the delta branch called the Calostoma (καλὸν στόμα/ kalòn stóma), while Arrian and the anonymous source put it to the south; Pliny, Ammianus and Solinus, like Apollonius, locate the N. between the Calostoma and the Peuce. The N. today corresponds to the river branch known as I…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Moesi, Moesia (Σκάρδων/ Skárdōn). City of the Liburni (Str. 7,5,5: Λιβυρνὴ πόλις, cf. Plin. HN 3,141; Ptol. 2,17,3; Procop. Goth. 1,7) on the right bank of the river Titius (also Titus, Tityus, Catarbates, modern Krka), about 20 km from the sea in the hinterland of Šibenik, modern Skradin (Croatia). The river was navigable as far as there. A Roman soldier, whose grave (ILS 2258) provides us with evidence of his being in S., probably belonged to an outpost of Burnum, where the legio XI Claudia was stationed. There is also evid…

[German version] Chief town of the Dalmatae, about 45 km west of Salona and 10 km southeast of Scardona, near modern Danilo Kraljice in Croatia. Originally built on an elevation, in the Roman Period R. was relocated to the  plain (Danilsko polje). Initially a simple vicus under magistri, in the early Imperial Period R. was given  a vexillatio from the Legio VII Claudia (CIL III 2772) to protect the road between Salona and Scardona. Not later than under the Flavians (end of the 1st century AD) R. became a municipium, whose duoviri were given Roman citizenship (CIL III 2026; 2774; 128…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Moesi, Moesia | Punic Wars City and river on the Dalmatian coast in the territory of the Ardiaei (Ps.-Scyl. 24 f.: Ῥιζοῦς/ Rhizoûs; Pol. 2,11,16: Ῥίζων/ Rhízōn, city and river; Str.  7,5,7: ὁ Ῥιζονικὸς κόλπος/ ho Rhizonikòs kólpos and Ῥίζων πόλις/ Rhízōn pólis; Plin.  HN 3,144: Rhizinium, mentioned among the oppida civium Romanorum; Ptol. 2,17,5: Ῥίσινον/ Rhísinon on the Ῥιζόνικος κόλπος/ Rhizónikos kólpos; Ptol. 2,17,12: Ῥιζάνα/ Rhizána; Tab. Peut. 7,1: Resinum; Geogr. Rav. 5,379: Rucinium; Steph. Byz. s.v. Βουθόη,…

[German version] (Πρωμόνα; Prōmóna). City in Dalmatia (App. Ill. 34; 72-77; Str. 7,5,5: Πρώμονα/ Prṓmona; Tab. Peut. 6,1; Geogr. Rav. 211; CIL III 149692: pagani Promonenses), near modern Tepljuh, about 40 km to the northwest of Šibenik on the road to Knin, at the foot of Mount Promina (1148 m). The Dalmatae and other Illyrii conquered the Liburnian fortress of P. in 51 BC. Caesar intervened to return P. to the Liburni but in vain. In 34 BC Agrippa [1] and the future Augustus ultimately took P. from the Dalmatae under t…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Coloniae | Commerce | Moesi, Moesia | Punic Wars | Balkans, languages Illyrian city (Liv. 44,31; Vibius Sequester 148; It. Ant. 339,4; Tab. Peut. 7,1 f.; Pol. 28,8,4: Σκόδρα/ Skódra; Ptol. 2,17,12; Hierocles, Synekdemos 656,4; Liv. 45,26: Scodrenses) southeast of Lacus Labeatis (modern Liqeni Shkodres), 17 Roman miles ( c. 28 km; Plin. HN 3,144; Geogr. Rav. 5,14) from the coast of the Ionios Kolpos, in the area of the mouths of the Drilon and the Barbanna (modern Bojanna), modern Shkodra (i…

[German version] ( Partini, Partheni, Παρθῖνοι/ Parthînoi, Παρθεηνᾶται/ Partheēnâtai). Illyrian tribe (Str. 7,7,8; App. Ill. 2) near Dyrrhachium (App. B Civ. 5,320). It is likely that they lived in the Shkumbi valley (in modern Albania) and controlled the important link between Ionios Kolpos and Macedonia, equivalent to the later via Egnatia . Their neighbours to the east were the Dassaretae (Dassaretia) in the region of the modern Ohrid, and to the west the Taulantii (Thuc. 1,24; Diod. Sic. 12,30-40). The earliest written ref…

[German version] (Οὐαρουαρία/ Ouarouaría). City in the south of Liburnia (Liburni; Ptol. 2,17,9; Plin. HN 3,130; 3,139), to the north of modern Šibenik, to the southwest of Burnum at modern Bribir. Under Tiberius V. was a municipium in the conventus of Scardona ( quattuorviri). Cabanes, Pierre (Clermont-Ferrand) Bibliography J. J. Wilkes, Dalmatia, 1969, 205, 216 f., 487-492 B. Saria, s. v. V., RE 8 A, 418-420.

[German version] (Πυρετός/ Pyretós). The easternmost left-bank tributary of the Ister [2] (Danube), thus corresponding to the modern  River Prut. Herodotus, the only ancient author to mention the P., considers it the most important of the Danube's tributaries because of its enormous flow (Hdt. 4,48). Some 830 km long, it rises in the Carpathian mountains and flows across regions that in Antiquity were counted as parts of Scythia (there called Πόρατα/ Pórata; Scythae). Cabanes, Pierre (Clermont-Ferrand) Bibliography H. Treidler, s. v. P. (3), RE 24, 19-22  TIR L 35 Romula, 1969, 60.