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(Ἀσκληπιάδης; Asklēpiádēs) [German version] [1] of Samos Epigrammatic poet Epigrammatic poet of the ‘Garland’ of Meleager, who addresses him in the preface by the dark pseudonym Σικελίδης (Anth. Pal. 4,1,46; cf. Hedylus, GA I 1, 101 6, 4; Theoc. 7,40); an outstanding representative of the Ionian-Alexandrianschool, he lived around the turn of the 4th/3rd cent. BC. A. was highly praised by Theocritus (7,39-41), but attacked by Callimachus (schol. Flor. Callim. Fr.1,1). From the latter he differed, among other things, through a diametrically opposed appraisal of the Lyde of Antimach…

[German version] [1] Poet of epigrams of unknown dating Epigram poet of an unknown period (with a peculiar, otherwise undocumented name), author of an insignificant distich on Hesiod (Anth. Pal. 7,52). Degani, Enzo (Bologna) Bibliography FGE 38. [German version] [2] Union of craftsmen and officials Dēmiourgoí (δημιουργοί, ‘public workers’) were occupied with public matters at various levels, depending on time and place. 1. In the Linear B tablets from Pylos dḗmos is found but not demiourgoi; it has been suggested [2] but not universally accepted that in the Mycenaean world demiourgoi…

[German version] Son of the sister of Chrysippus and his pupil; Chrysippus dedicated a number of works to him (Diog. Laert. 7,185; 196 f.; 202). After the death of his uncle (207 BC) A. honoured his memory with a text Χρυσίππου ταφαί (Ind. Stoic. Herc. 46,3) and -- according to the witness of Plutarch (De Stoicorum repugnantibus 2,1033e) -- with the erecting of a bronze statue: on this he had a distich (= Anth. Pal. append. 1,129 Cougny) engraved (ἐπέγραψε), in which Chrysippus is wittily called ‘…

(Ἀντίφιλος; Antíphilos). [German version] [1] Athenian strategos of hoplites (323/22 BC) The Athenian A. was elected Athenian strategos of hoplites ( Hoplites) after the death of Leosthenes 323/322 BC, whose successor he became. He took over the command of the land forces of the Hellenic League in the Lamian or Hellenic War and distinguished himself through military skills and courage (Plut. Phoc. 24,1-2; Diod. Sic. 18,13,6). He lifted the siege of  Antipater at  Lamia, in 322 defeated a Macedonian army under Le…

[German version] (Βησαντῖνος; Bēsantînos). Writer in Hadrian's era, possibly from Rhodes (according to the heading in Anth. Pal. 15,27, a poem that in any case belongs not to him but to Simias of Rhodes; also wrongly attributed to him: 9,118 = Thgn. 527f., cf. Stob. 4,50,44). MSS F and Y of the Bucolics attribute a βωμός ( bōmós) to him, a pattern poem in the shape of an altar: 26 verses in different metres forming the eulogizing acrostic Ὀλύμπιε πολλοῖς ἔτεσι θυσείας, that is certainly addressed to Hadrian (cf. ThGL 5,1924A). It is also transmitted a…

(Δοῦρις; Doûris) [German version] [1] Poet of epigrams Epigrammatic poet from Elea (in Aeolis); author of a remarkable poem on the flood that destroyed Ephesus c. 300 BC (Anth. Pal. 9,424, cf. Steph. Byz. 289,3-16), in all probability from the ‘Garland’ of Meleager. The city was rebuilt shortly afterwards by Lysimachos, who renamed it Arsinoeia after his wife: this happened before 289/8 (cf. Syll.3 368, 24), after the epigram had been written. Degani, Enzo (Bologna) Bibliography GA I,1, 97; 2, 280f. [German version] [2] Painter of Attic red-figure bowls, c. 505-465 BC One of the most p…

[German version] [4] Writer of epigrams Evodus (Εὔοδος; Eúodos) Epigrammatic poet of the Imperial age (1st or 3rd cent. AD), of whom Planudes preserved two short poems, of altogether three hexameters, in the form of riddles (Anth. Pal. 16,116 and 155): the first describes a centaur, the second the phenomenon of the echo, which is int. al. referred to as the ‘residue (τρύγα; trýga) of the voice’ and the ‘tail of the word’. Degani, Enzo (Bologna) [German version] [1] Imperial freedman under Tiberius Imperial freedman who had great influence over Tiberius in the last year of his life. PIR2 E 1…

(Διοσκουρίδης; Dioskourídēs). [German version] [1] Son of Polemaeus, naval commander in 314-313 BC Son of Polemaeus, nephew of  Antigonus [1] Monophthalmus. Led the fleet to a few victories as naval commander in 314-13 BC. Nothing further is known about his life. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography R. A. Billows, Antigonus the One-Eyed, 1990, 381f. [German version] [2] Polyhistor of the 4th and 3rd cents. BC Polyhistor of the 4th and 3rd cents. BC, pupil of Isocrates (Ath. 1,18,11 A). Of his works, the following titles are known (cf. FGrH 3 B 594): 1. Apomnēmoneúmata (‘Memorabil…

(Ἀρτέμων; Artémōn). [German version] [1] Greek grammarian From Cassandreia. Greek  grammarian. As he makes mention of  Dionysius Scytobrachion, he is dated to the 2nd half of the 2nd cent. BC. Of his works Athenaeus cites: Περὶ βιβλίων συναγωγῆς, Περὶ βιβλίων χρήσεως, Περὶ τοῦ Διονυσιακοῦ συστήματος as being his. An almost contemporary namesake from Pergamum, the commentator on Pindar (FGrH 569), possibly is the same person; A. from Clazomenae (FGrH 443), on the other hand, is older. A., the editor of the Aristotelian letters (Demetrius, elocutiones 223), is difficult to identify. …

[German version] A. Greek (Ἀντώνιος; Antṓnios). [German version] [1] Thallus Epigrammatic poet, 2nd half of the 1st cent. BC Epigrammatic poet from Miletus (according to [2] he had received Roman citizenship, through the patronage of Antonia Minor) lived in the 2nd half of the 1st cent. BC (in Anth. Pal. 6,235 the birth of a Καῖσαρ [ Kaîsar] is celebrated, who is to be equated with either C. Julius Caesar, the grandson of Augustus, or with Germanicus). His five epigrams, which derive from the ‘Garland’ of Philippus, are certainly conventional in their…

[German version] (Ἀμμωνίδης; Ammōnídēs). Undatable author of a short Greek epigram mocking an unknown Antipatra (Anth. Pal. 11,201): "If Antipatra had been shown to the Parthians naked, they would have fled through the Pillars of Heracles"‘.’ As little is known of the poet as of the addressee. An attempt by Brunck to amend Ἀμμωνίδου (-ον: Planudes) to Ἀμμωνίου, in order to ascribe the couplet to Ammonius [10], the equally unknown author of the epigram Anth. Pal. 9,827, has no basis. Degani, Enzo (Bologna) Bibliography 1 R. F. Ph. Brunck, Analecta veterum poetarum Graecorum, vol.…

(Ἀδαῖος; Adaîos). [German version] [1] Dynast in south-eastern Thrace, (middle of the 3rd cent. BC) Dynast in south-eastern Thrace, middle of the 3rd cent. BC, probably offspring of a Macedonian governor appointed by  Philip II. He minted several emissions of bronze coins. Probably identical to A., who reigned in Cypsela (Athen. 11,468 f.) and A., who was executed by  Ptolemaeus III (Pomp. Trog. prol. 27; SEG 34, 1984, 878). Peter, Ulrike (Berlin) Bibliography K. Buraselis, Das hell. Makedonien und die Ägäis, 1982, 122-123, 139. [German version] [2] Macedonian epigrammatist Maced…

[German version] Unknown poet of epigrams, two of whose satirical poems survive: one pillories a poetaster (Anth. Pal. 11,129), the other is an interesting literary manifesto against the affectations of the Attic orators, regarded by C. as being as empty as they were abstruse (Anth. Pal. 11,144, cf. Lucillius, Anth. Pal. 11,142). At least chronologically plausible is his identification with Iulius Cerialis, the friend of Martial (Mart. Epigr. 11,52,1). Degani, Enzo (Bologna)

(Ἀρχέστρατος; Archéstratos). [German version] [1] Actor and Tragedian With his tragedy Antaios, an unknown actor triumphed at the Soteria in Delphi between 267 and 219 BC (DID B 11, 5). He is probably not to be identified with the A. mentioned in Plut. Aristides 1,3 (318e). Pressler, Frank (Heidelberg) Bibliography Mette, 198 TrGF 75. [German version] [2] Author of a gastronomic poem from Gela, 4th cent. BC Citizen of Gela who lived in the 2nd half of the 4th cent. BC. 62 fragments (more than 300 verses) of his gastronomic poem, written c. AD 330, have been preserved by Athenaeus. Its …

(Διογένης; Diogénēs). Known personalities: the Cynic D. [14] of Sinope, the philosophical historian D. [17] Laertius. I. Politically active personalities [German version] [1] Macedonian troop commander in Attica since 233 BC Athenian (?) [1. 341,1], Macedonian troop commander in Attica since 233 BC, who is supposed to have demanded Corinth from the Achaeans (Plut. Arat. 34,1-4) [2. 168,63] at the rumour of the death of  Aratus [2]; after the death of  Demetrius [3] II in 229, he facilitated the liberation of Athens from Maced…

[German version] Author of an artistically refined epigram on a fisher that is rich in effective antitheses: his boat helped him to survive yesterday but today it serves as his funeral pyre (Anth. Pal. 7,381, cf. Antiphilus, Anth. Pal. 7,635). It is part of the ‘Garland’ of Philippus. All that is known of its poet is that he was a ‘Messenian’ (Μεσσήνιος; Messḗnios) but it is unclear in the lemma whether he was from Messenia or Messina. Degani, Enzo (Bologna) Bibliography GA II,1, 254f.; 2, 288.

(Διότιμος; Diótimos). [German version] [1] Strategos in Corcyra 433/2 BC Athenian, son of Strombichides, from Euonymon (his family is known into the 3rd cent.). Strategos in Corcyra in 433/32 BC (Thuc. 1,45,2; IG I3 364,9); 439-32 nauarchos at Neapolis (Timaeus FGrH 566 F 98); he may have led a legation to Susa (Str. 1,3,1). Perhaps identical with D. in Ath. 10,436e. Kinzl, Konrad (Peterborough) Bibliography Fraser/Matthews (1) Davies, 4386. [German version] [2] Athenian strategos c. 390 BC Athenian strategos. Commander of the Athenian mercenary force near Corinth in 390/…

[German version] (Δαμοχάρις; Damocháris). Epigrammatic poet of the Justinianic period, grammatikós, friend and student of Agathias (according to the lemma of Anth. Pal. 7,206, a tomb epigram on the partridge loved by the master, cf. Agathias 7,204f.). Born on Cos, as can be seen from the epitaph of Paulus Silentiarius (7,588), he was proconsul and governor of Asia and was especially venerated both in Smyrna (cf. the anonymous poem 16,43) and in Ephesus (cf. SEG 18,474). Four epigrams of average standard from the ‘Cycle’ of Agathias are extant. Degani, Enzo (Bologna) Bibliography Av. un…

I. Greek [German version] A. Beginnings The epigram was a part of Greek literature throughout its entire history (the oldest documents coincide with the first examples of alphabetic script) and originally consisted of a short verse inscription or label on vases, cups, votive gifts, funeral steles, herms, etc. The occasion was always real and could be public or private in nature. The metre of the epigram was the epic hexameter, sporadically in combination with a dactylic pentameter, an iambic trimeter,…

[German version] (Εὐτόλμιος Ἰλλούστριος; Eutólmios Illoústrios). Epigrammatic poet, honoured with the titles vir illustris and scholastikós. Five of his poems are extant, probably originating from Palladas' Syllogḗ: the epigrammatic epitaphs Anth. Pal. 7,608 and 611 (elegant imitations of Bianor 7,644 and Parmenion 7,184), the anathematic epigram 6,86 (whose lapidary brevity was seemingly parodied by Palladas), and the epideictic epigram 9,587, a single distich, describing a θερμοχύτης; thermochýtēs (‘a vessel, out of which warm beverages were poured’). Degani, Enzo (Bo…