Search

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Lycii, Lycia (Λάγβη; Lágbē). Town in north-east Lycia, near modern Alifahrettin; it dominated the small, high plain north of Lake Cabalitis (the former Söğüt Gölü, today dried up) and belonged to the territory of Cibyra. Part of the Roman province of Asia (Caria province from Diocletian on), plundered by Manlius Vulso during his campaign of 189 BC (Liv. 38,15,2). Epigraphical evidence attests a cult of Artemis Lagbene and the existence of a private estate. Drew-Bear, Thomas (Lyon) Bibliography Chr. Naour, Tyriaion en Caba…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Christianity | Xenophon | Education / Culture (Κολοσσαί; Kolossaí). City in south-west Phrygia, 4 km north-north-west of Honaz, significant already in the 5th cent. BC (Xen. An. 1,2,6; cf. Plin. HN 5,145), 15 km east-south-east of Laodicea, on the road through the Lycus valley between Sardeis and Celaenae. Coins have been attested from the late Hell…

[German version] [1] River in Lydia River in Lydia (Καΰστριος; Kaÿ́strios: Hom. Il. 2,461; Hdt. 5,100; Κάϋστρος; Káÿstros: Str. 13,3,2; Arr. Anab. 5,6,4; Mela 1,88), modern Küçük Menderes (‘Little Maeander’); it rises on the southern slopes of Mount Tmolus above Coloë (modern Keles near Kiraz); it flows through the plain of Kilbis, then through the  Caystrou pedion [1], absorbs from the right tributaries from Mount Tmolus, from the left those from the Mesogis mountains (modern Cevizli dağı) (Plin. HN 5,115), and discharge…

(Ἀπάμεια; Apámeia). [German version] [1] City in  Bithynia This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Pergamum | Education / Culture City in  Bithynia, 1 km south-east of present-day Mudanya on the Sea of Marmara; founded by Colophon; originally Brylleion; from shortly after 330 BC Myrleia. From 433/32 BC attested as belonging to the  Delian League; at the end of the 4th cent. BC under the rule of Mithridates II of Cius; for a time in the 3rd cent. BC a member of the koinon of Athena Ilias. In 202 BC conquered by Philip V and delivered to Prusias I; newly founded as A…

(Κίβυρα; Kíbyra). [German version] [1] Town in Phrygia This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Lycii, Lycia Important town in southern Phrygia (modern Gölhisar, formerly Horzum) on the border with Lycia. C. belonged to a tetrapolis with Bubon, Balbura, and Oeno…

…

(Μέλισσα/ …

…

(Λύκος; Lýkos). Mythology and religion: L. [1-9], historical persons: L. [10-13], rivers: L. [14-19].…

[German version] Mythical tribe from the region inhabited by the Phryges in Greek and Roman times, including the area known as Galatia in Hellenistic times ( Berecyntos, ‘a castellum in Phrygia on the Sangarius’: Serv. Aen. 6,784). Used as a synonym for ‘Phrygian’ by poets of classical (e.g. Aeschyl. Niobe), Hellenistic (Callim. H. 3, 246), and Roman times (e.g. Hor. Carm. 1,18; 3,19; Ov. Met. 11,106), and also by prose writers (from Stesimbrotus, Str. 10,3,20, to Aug. Civ. 2,5,7). However, Str. 12,8,21, maintains: ‘There …

(Ἱεράπολις; Hierápolis). [German version] [1] Important town in south-west Phrygia This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Christianity | Natural catastrophes | Oracles | Pergamum Important town in south-west Phrygia (as opposed to the town of same name in the ‘Pentapolis’ of central Phrygia) at the edge of the Lycus valley on the road in the Hermus valley from Sardis to Apamea, famous for its thermal springs whose water leaves white limestone terraces when evaporating; they gave the place its modern name Pa…

[German version] (Καβαλίς; Kabalís, Lat. Cabalia). Landscape in Northern Lycia, north-west of the Milyas mountains, south of the Cibyratis, and bordered by the Taurus (Str. 13,15,1) where Lake Cabalitis could be found between Lagbe and Tyraeon (Söğüt Gölü; dry today; here, the inscription documenting the ethnicon Kabaleús…

(μητρόπολις/ mētrópolis, literally ‘mother city’). [German version] [1] Mother city of colonies in the era of the ‘Great’ Colonisation (c. 750-500 BC) …

…

…

[German version] [1] Continent see  Asia Minor Drew-Bear, Thomas (Lyon) Christol, Michel (Paris) [German version] [2] Roman province The   provincia A. was established in 129 BC when Rome took possession of the kingdom of  Pergamum, which was bequeathed to the Roman people by its last king  Attalus III (died 133 BC) (Liv. Per. 58f.). The Romans first had to assert themselves against  Aristonicus, the illegitimate brother of the departed king. But the majority of the Greek cities had remained loyal, which earned them their ‘freedom’ (AE 1991, 1500).  Ephesus was named the capital city of the province. The province earne…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Writing | Xenophon | Alexander | Celts | Asia Minor | Asia Minor | Pergamum | Pompeius Pre-classical city near Yassıhüyük west-south-west of Ankara on the eastern bank of the Sangarius, located at a ford of the road from Pessinus to Ancyra (ruins visible). Apparently founded as a residence by its eponym, Gordius, the first Phrygian king. Excavations uncovered rich royal tombs in wooden chambers under tumuli (cf. map), furth…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Xenophon (Κεράμων ἀγορά; Kerámōn agorá). A ‘populated town’ between Peltae and  Caystrou pedion, ‘the last town (in Phrygia) in the direction of Mysia’, only mentioned in Xen. An. 1,2,11; localization impossible.…

(Δασκύλειον, Δασκύλιον; Daskýleion, Daskýlion). [German version] [1] City in Bithynia City in Bithynia, member of the  Delian League, whose name is thought to be contained in the place name Eşkel Liman (today Esence) on the co…

(Εὐμένεια; Euméneia). [German version] [1] Town in the south of Phrygia This item can be found on the following maps: Christianity | Pergamum Town in the south of Phrygia (modern Işıklı), founded by Attalus II in the name of his brother Eumenes…