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[German version] Roman cognomen (meaning 'Etruscan') describing origin. Used in the Republican period by Aquillius [I 2], Siccius, in the Imperial period by Dasumius [4], Nummius [5], and Tullius. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Degrassi, FCap., 149  Id., FCIR, 271  Kajanto, Cognomina, 51; 188.

[German version] Roman cognomen (diminutive of rex, 'king'); in the Republican era, a byname of the family of the Aemilii (Aemilius [I 35-36]); in the Imperial era, also in other families. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Degrassi, FCIR, 265 2 Kajanto, Cognomina, 316.

[German version] Widespread Roman cognomen (‘large-nosed’), which does not, however, occur in distinguished families of the Republican period; the family of some of its bearers cannot be determined. The most prominent figure to bear the name was the poet P. Ovidius Naso. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Kajanto, Cognomina, 237 2 Walde/Hofmann 2, 146.

[German version] Roman cognomen (connected with tuber, 'swelling'), Postumius [I 17]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 246.

[German version] Daughter of an (Atilius) Serranus, first wife of M.  Porcius Cato (Uticensis), who separated from her in the early 60s BC (Plut. Cat. Min. 7,3; 24,6; family tree in [1. 333]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Münzer.

[German version] Cognomen of P. Sulpicius Q. ( cos. 12 AD). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen in the family of the Papirii, probably denoting origins in Mugilla. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 182.

Latin family name (Schulze 424), possibly originally denoting descent from a Gallus. [German version] [1] G., M. Supporter of M. Antonius 43 BC Praetor in 44 BC or earlier, served under M. Antonius at Mutina in 43 [I 9] and also fought against Octavian; in his will he adopted the later emperor Tiberius (Cic. Phil. 13,26; Suet. Tib. 6,3). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] G., Q. Defended by Cicero for bribing voters Aedilis plebis in 67 BC, held magnificent games in 66, as praetor he chaired the trial against C. Cornelius [I 2] in 65 and was probably s…

Roman plebeian gentile name (occupational designation, derived from the priestly office of the flamen [1]). Bearers of the name have emerged from the 3rd cent. BC. But the family is probably older, as can be seen from the place names campus Flaminius and prata Flaminia (Varro, Ling. 5,154; Liv. 3,54,15; 3,58,7) that can, however, also be interpreted as ‘property of the flamines’ (Oros. 5,18,27; [2]). Via Flaminia  F. [1]. [German version] [1] F., C. Cos. 217 BC in the 2nd Punic War Homo novus who was successful in his career despite the resistance of a large part of the nobili…

[German version] Roman cognomen in the family of the Cluentii ( Cluentius [2]) and others. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Uncommon Roman family name. Its best-known representative, Q.P., and L. Cornificius brought a successful action against T. Annius [I 14] Milo in 52 BC for 'use of force' ( de vi) (Ascon. 54 C.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Schulze, 142.

[German version] (T., D. according to coin legends; T., P. according to Cass. Dio 51,8,2). Quaestor in 44 BC and one of Caesar's assassins. He then went with L. Tillius [2] Cimber to Bithynia and supported him in equipping a fleet. After the Battle of Philippi in 42 he remained with the still unbeaten fleet, then crossed to the side of M. Antonius [I 9]. To build the latter's fleet he (probably with the rank of praef.) had some of the trees of the Grove of Asclepius on Cos lumbered and in 31 he minted coins for him (RRC 545). After Antonius' defeat in 30 he was deliv…

[German version] Roman cognomen of presumably Etruscan origin (Schulze, 290, 322; ThlL, Onom. 120-122), in its meaning probably linked with camillus ‘noble-born, not yet mature youth’, then‘ assistant at sacrifices’ (Fest. 38; 82L; Varro, Ling. 7,34 et al.) In the Republican Age, C. is the family cognomen of the Furii; its most famous bearer was M.  Furius C., conqueror of Veii in 396 BC and saviour of Rome after the Gallic invasion. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Walde/Hofmann 1, 147.

Family name, also Galonius, Calonius (Schulze 171); bearers of this name are attested several times but are of little historical significance. [German version] [1] G., C. City leader of Gades 49 BC Roman eques, was sent by L. Domitius [I 8] Ahenobarbus to Gades to administer an inheritance in 49 BC, became city leader in the Civil War there, but withdrew in favour of Caesar (Caes. B Civ. 2,18,2; 20,2f.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] G., P. Gourmet by Lucilius 1238 M. Made proverbial by Lucilius (1238 M.) as a gourmet and glutton. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Term referring to the nine extant sarcophagus inscriptions of the so-called 'Tomb of the Scipios', the burial place of the Cornelii Scipiones from c. the mid 3rd cent. to the end of the 2nd cent. BC (CIL I2 6-16, ILLRP 309-317). The earliest texts are the eulogies for L. Cornelius [I 76] Scipio Barbatus ( cos. 298) and his son L. Cornelius [I 65] Scipio ( cos. 259), each consisting of a painted name followed by a chiseled poem in saturnian metre (most scholars date the eulogy to the father later than the one to the son; for a contemporaneous creation [7]). Other than…

[German version] Nickname (‘lower leg’) referring to a peculiarity of the legs; cognomen in the family of the Cornelii ( Cornelius [I 50]) Lentuli. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography A. Hug, s.v. Spitznamen, RE 3A, 1828 Kajanto, Cognomina 225.

[German version] Roman cognomen ('small-eyed'). It appeared first in the family of the Livii, from the time of the Late Republic, and then also in the families of the Servii and the Sulpicii (the emperor Galba [2] for instance). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Degrassi, FCIR, 260 2 Kajanto, Cognomina, 239.

[German version] A Roman lady, who entered into a relationship with an ugly slave by the name of Clesippus and eventually made him her heir (probably in the 2nd half of the 1st cent. BC). After her death he called himself Clesippus Geganius and had built for himself an expensive tomb of which the inscription is still preserved (Plin. HN 34,11f.; ILLRP 696). This widespread story may underlie the character of Trimalchio in  Petronius. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] B. 123 BC at Nursia (Samnium), of an equestrian family. He gained military experience in 105/4 under Q. Servilius [I 12] Caepio and C. Marius [I 1] in the wars against the Cimbri and Teutoni, and in 98-93 under T. Didius [I 4] in Spain, where he particularly distinguished himself and acquired intimate knowledge of the country. In 91, S. was quaestor in Gallia Cisalpina, after which he fought in the Social War [3]. In 89 or 88, his candidature for the people's tribunate was thwarte…

[German version] Together with  Spartacus a leader of the great slave rebellion in 73 BC. After C. left the main army in early 72, his troops were defeated and he was killed in Apulia by the consul L. Gellius [4] and the propraetor Q. Arrius [I 4] (Sall. Hist. 3,96 M.; Liv. Per. 95f.; App. B Civ. 1,540-543 et al.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)