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JAʿFAR B. MOḤAMMAD B. ḤARB

(1,410 words)

Author(s): Ess, Josef van
(d. 850), ABU’L-FAŻL AL-HAMDĀNI, also called al-Ašajj ("scar-face" or "skull-broken"), Muʿtazilite theologian who lived in Baghdad.A version of this article is available in printVolume XIV, Fascicle 4, pp. 347-348 JAʿFAR B. MOḤAMMAD B. ḤARB, ABU’L-FAŻL AL-HAMDĀNI (d. 236/850 at the age of 59), also called al-Ašajj (‘scar-face’ or ‘skull-broken’), Muʿtazilite theologian who lived in Baghdad. His family was of Yemeni descent, as is shown by the nesba (cf. Masʿudi, Moruj, ed. Pellat, V, p. 21), and the reading Hamaḏāni, which would turn him into a Persian (Nader, p. 373; Sezgin, GAS I, …
Date: 2022-09-14

Šahrastānı̄

(167 words)

Author(s): Ess, Josef van
[English Version] Šahrastānı̄, Muḥammad ibn ʿ Abdalkarı̄m (1086 Šahristān, kleiner Ort am Rande der Wüste Qara Qum [heute Turkmenistan] – 1153 ebd.). Ausgebildet in šāfiʿitischem Recht und ašʿaritischer Theol., blieb er bekannt v.a. durch ein doxographisches Werk, in dem er neben den isl. »Sekten« auch die Glaubensrichtungen der übrigen orientalischen Rel. sowie die Ansichten der antiken und modernen Philosophen beschrieb. Das Buch beeindruckt bis heute durch seine Transparenz; jedoch ist der Quellen…

Namen Gottes

(1,463 words)

Author(s): Rebiger, Bill | Assel, Heinrich | Ess, Josef van
[English Version] I. JudentumAls bibl. N.G. gelten v.a. das Tetragramm JHWH sowie die Wendung אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה/'æh ejæh 'asˇær 'æh ejæh (wörtl. »Ich bin, der ich bin«) bzw. auch 'æh ejæh allein (Ex 3,14), wobei das Tetragramm z.Z. des Zweiten Tempels nur am Versöhnungstag (Feste/Feiern: III.) vom Hohepriester ausgesprochen werden durfte. Bibl. Attribute und Epitheta Gottes werden als weitere N.G. verstanden. Die rabb. Lit. kennt einige Umschreibungen für Gott (: IX), darunter auch ha-shem (»der Name«), die v.a. als …

Atomism

(1,058 words)

Author(s): Meyer-Abich, Klaus M. | Ess, Josef van
[German Version] I. Philosophy – II. Islamic Theology I. Philosophy Atomism is the epistemological paradigm maintaining that all things (including living creatures) are composed of tiny indivisible units, which account for their qualities (Gk ἄτομον/ átomon, “indivisible”). Atomism contrasts with holism, which understands all objects and phenomena not as composites but as divisible wholes. Both theories seek to explain the nature of things. This a…

Anthropomorphism

(2,629 words)

Author(s): Löhr, Gebhard | Podella, Thomas | Veltri, Giuseppe | Ess, Josef van | Körtner, Ulrich H.J. | Et al.
[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Bible – III. Judaism – IV. Islam –V. Philosophy of Religion – VI. Dogmatics – VII. Practical Theology I. Religious Studies Anthropomorphism denotes the conception of God or gods in human form. It derives from the personification of spiritual events (animatism), the idea of attributing a soul to stones, trees or places (Animism) or the idea of a power indwelling objects or persons (dyna-mism). In r…