Search

[English version] [1] Pontikos christl. Schriftsteller und Mönchsvater, 4. Jh. Geistlicher Schriftsteller und Mönchsvater (345-399 n.Chr.). Der im pontischen Ibora geb. Schüler des Gregorios von Nazianz lebte nach Aufenthalten in Konstantinopel (Weihe zum Diakon) und Jerusalem ab 383 als gesuchter spiritueller Ratgeber in der ägypt. Anachoretengemeinschaft der Kellia (Nitrische Wüste). Postum als Origenist verurteilt (553 Konzil von Konstantinopel), sind die wenigen erh. Schriften häufig ps.-epigraphisch …

(Hebrew Mošæh, Greek Μω(υ)σῆς; Mō(y)sȇs). [1] Israelite religious founder [German version] I. Biblical tradition According to tradition, M. was a Levite who grew up as an Egyptian prince, was forced to flee to Midian, was called there by the god Yahweh to lead the enslaved Hebrew people out of Egypt; Biblical cultic and moral law were revealed to him on Mt. Sinai, and he led the Hebrew people through the desert to the edge of the Promised Land, where he died on Mount Nebo, across from Jericho (Ex 2 - Dt 34). …

(Οὐράνιος/ Ouránios). [German version] [0] Usurper, mid 3rd cent. L. Iulius Aurelius Sulpicius Severus U. Antoninus, usurper, who had coins minted in Emesa in 253/4; very likely identical with the priest of Aphrodite Sampsigeramus (Ioh. Mal. 12 p. 296 f.) who warded off an attack on Emesa by the Persian army in 253, in the course of which their leader (in the text Sapor [1] I himself) was killed. It may be that Or. Sib. 13,158-171 and IGLS 1799-1801 also refer to these events. When with Valerianus' [2] d…

(Εὐάγριος; Euágrios) [German version] [1] Ponticus Christian writer and monastic leader Religious writer and monastic spiritual leader (AD 345-399). Born in the Pontic Ibora, he was a pupil of  Gregorius of Nazianzus; after periods spent in Constantinople (ordination to deacon) and Jerusalem, he stayed in the Egyptian anchorite community of Kellia (Nitrian desert) from 383 as a much sought-after spiritual advisor. Posthumously condemned as an Origenist (553 Council of Constantinople), his few extant works …

[German version] [1] Bishop of Caesarea [2] Maritima/Palaestina Bishop of  Caesarea [2] Maritima/Palaestina (died before AD 400). The nephew of  Cyrillus of Jerusalem, installed as bishop around 365/367, took part in the Council of Constantinople in 381 and in the synod there in 394. At the wish of his uncle, G. wrote a continuation of the Church history by  Eusebius [7] of Caesarea, going as far as 395, which had a long-lasting effect (Gelasius of Cyzicus, hagiographic lives, etc.). Parts of the lost s…

(Εὐτύχης; Eutýchēs). [German version] [1] Gem-cutter of the 1st cent. AD Gem-cutter of the 1st cent. AD, signed as ‘son of  Dioscorides of Aegeae’ the rock crystal with a bust of Athena (Berlin, SM), in the style of the Athena of Velletri. Athena of  Velitrae;  Intaglio;  Gem and cameo cutters Michel, Simone (Hamburg) Bibliography Zazoff, AG, 31770, 331 pl. 92,3 AGD II, Berlin 169 pl. 80 and 81 no. 456. [German version] [2] Lat. grammarian of the 4th cent. AD (Eutyc(h)ius, MSS), Latin grammarian of the 4th cent. AD, a pupil of  Priscianus and author of an Ars de verbo, probably identical with…

(Ἑρμίας; Hermías). [German version] [1] Around 350 BC tyrant over Atarneus and Assos (or Hermeias) Around 350 BC successor of Eubulus as tyrant over  Atarneus and  Assos (Diog. Laert. 5,3), possibly pupil of Plato (Str. 13,1,57; Theopomp. FGrH 115 F 250; by contrast Pl. Ep. 6,322e). Along with other philosophers he brought Aristotle to the court and married him to his niece  Pythias. After the Persians had reconquered Egypt in 343/342, H. considered his region to be under threat and contacted  Philippus II (…

[German version] A. General Αἱ χρονικαὶ, τὰ χρονικά; Hai chronikaì, tà chroniká, chronicon; Latin according to Isid. Orig. 5,37 series temporum. No antique or medieval description of the genre [1; 2]. Chronicles are written histories structured on a yearly basis. They vary from mere lists of dates to miniature narratives for individual years: it is then, as  annals -- retrospective in the Roman period, ongoing and contemporaneous in the Carolingian -- that they enter the realm of real  historiography. This progres…

I. Greek [German version] [I 1] Christian apologist and theologian, 2nd cent. (Τατιανός; Tatianós). Christian apologist and theologian (born c. AD 120). By his own account, T. was from the East Syrian/North Mesopotamian region (Or. 42). His work betrays a knowledge of classical authors relying upon Hellenistic scholarly tradition. His travels brought T. into contact with a variety of the philosophical and religious systems of his period ( i.a. participation in mystery cults, which he fails to define more precisely). In Rome, study of the Bible finally brought hi…

(hebr. Mošæh, griech. Μω(υ)σῆς). [1] israelit. Religionsstifter [English version] I. Biblische Überlieferung Nach der Überl. war M. ein Levit, der als äg. Prinz aufwuchs, nach Midian fliehen mußte, dort vom Gott Jahwe berufen wurde, die versklavten Hebräer aus Ägypten führte, am Sinai die Offenbarung des biblischen Kult- wie Sittengesetzes empfing und die Hebräer durch die Wüste bis an den Rand des verheißenen Landes führte, wo er auf dem Berg Nebo gegenüber von Jericho starb (Ex 2 - Dt 34). An diesem Bild …

(Δίδυμος). [1] Aus Alexandreia griech. Grammatiker und Musiktheoretiker, 2. H. 1. Jh. v. Chr. [English version] A. Philogische Tätigkeit Der bedeutendste griech. Grammatiker der 2.H. des 1. Jh. v.Chr. Die biographische Notiz in der Suda (δ 872) besagt, daß er bis in die Zeit des Augustus lebte, und erwähnt den Beinamen “Chalkénteros” (Χαλκέντερος, “der Mann mit dem ehernen Gedärm”, vgl. Suda ι 399, χ 29). Ihn verdankte er seiner unermüdlichen Aktivität, die sich auf verschiedene Gebiete der Philol. erstreckte. Dur…

(Εὐτύχης). [English version] [1] Steinschneider, 1. Jh. Steinschneider des 1. Jh. n.Chr., signierte als “Sohn des Dioskurides aus Aigeai” den Bergkristall mit Athenabüste (Berlin, SM), nach einer Statue der Athena von Velletri. Athena von Velletri; Gemmen- u. Kameenschneider Michel, Simone (Hamburg) Bibliography Zazoff, AG, 31770, 331 Taf. 92,3 AGD II, Berlin 169 Taf. 80 und 81 Nr. 456. [English version] [2] lat. Grammatiker, 4. Jh. (Eutyc(h)ius, Hss.), lat. Grammatiker des 4. Jh. n.Chr., Schüler des Priscianus und Verf. einer Ars de verbo, wahrscheinlich identisch mit dem…

(Ἑρμίας). [English version] [1] Um 350 v. Chr. Tyrann über Atarneus und Assos Um 350 v.Chr. Nachfolger des Eubulos als Tyrann über Atarneus und Assos (Diog. Laert. 5,3), vielleicht Schüler Platons (Strab. 13,1,57; Theop. FGrH 115 F 250; aber dagegen Plat. epist. 6,322e). Neben anderen Philosophen holte er Aristoteles an den Hof und verheiratete ihn mit seiner Nichte Pythias. Nachdem die Perser 343/2 Ägypten zurückerobert hatten, hielt H. auch sein Gebiet für bedroht und nahm Kontakt mit Philippos II. auf (De…

(Πέτρος). [1] der Apostel (Apostel) s. Petrus [1] Rist, Josef (Würzburg) [English version] [2] Bf. von Alexandreia, gest. 311 Bischof von Alexandreia [1] († 311). Der in Verbindung mit der dortigen Katechetenschule stehende P. wurde um 300 als Nachfolger des Theonas Bischof. In der diocletianischen Verfolgung (Diocletianus) floh er 304-305/6 [2. 36] aus Alexandreia. Nach seiner Rückkehr schloß P. 305/6 Bischof Melitios von Lykopolis, der eigenmächtig Weihen außerhalb seines Sprengels vorgenommen hatte und die milde Haltung des P. den lapsi gegenüber …

[English version] A. Allgemein Αἱ χρονικαὶ, τὰ χρονικά, chronicon; lat. nach Isid. orig. 5,37 series temporum. Keine ant. oder ma. [1; 2] Gattungsbezeichnung. Ch. sind Vertextungstypen von Gesch., die jahrweise strukturiert sind. Sie reichen von bloßen Datenlisten bis zur Füllung einzelner Jahre mit narrativen Kleinformen und gehen dann als Annalistik, in röm. Zeit retrospektiv, in karolingischer Zeit als fortlaufende, zeitgenössische Aufzeichnung, in den Bereich eigentlicher Geschichtsschreibung über - oft i…

[German version] I Greek (Τίτος/ Títos). [German version] [I 1] Companion of Paul Important 'assistant' and 'partner' of Paul (Paulus [II 2]; 2 Cor 8,23), of unknown origin. Taken by Paul to the Apostles' Convent in Jerusalem as a 'Gentile Christian', he was not compelled to be circumcised there, in spite of the demands of the Judaists (Gal 2:1-3). Paul sent T. to Corinth on several occasions as his negotiator (2 Cor 7:6 f.; 7:13 f.; he also appeared as an independent co-organizer of the collects: 8:6; 8:16 …

(Δωσίθεος; Dōsítheos). [German version] [1] Jewish apostate Son of Drimylos, Jewish apostate. He is supposed to have saved the life of Ptolemy IV Philopator before the battle at Raphia (217 BC)(3 Macc. 1,3). Around 240 BC he was one of the two leaders of the royal secretariat and accompanied Ptolemy III in 225-24 on a trip in Egypt; he held the highest priestly office in Hellenistic Egypt around 222 as the priest of Alexander [4] the Great and the deified Ptolemies. PP 1/8,8; 3/9,5100. Schwemer, Anna Maria (Tübingen) Bibliography V. Tcherikover, A. Fuks, Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum…

[German version] [1] Bishop of Laodicea Bishop of  Laodicea (died c. AD 360). The Alexandrine presbyter G., dismissed by his local bishop Alexander in c. 320 because of his radical  Arianism, became bishop of Syrian Laodicea c. 330 following his stay in Antioch. In persistent animosity to  Athanasius, he and Basilius of Ancyra gathered the Trinitarian Church Party of the Homoeousians (slogan: ‘The father resembles the son in essence’ ὅμοιος κατ' οὐσίαν) in 358/9. Also, he played a role in drafting the 4th Sirman Creed (22 May 359)…

I Greek [German version] [I 1] Author of a collection of 'gnomes' The name 'Sextus' is associated with a Greek collection of 610 maxims (Gnome) in all, known from two Greek MSS (Patm. 263, Vat. Gr. 742; Pap. Palau Rib. 225v, c. AD 400 offers 21 'gnomes'); they probably originated c. AD 200. Origenes [2] is the first to mention the title Σέξτου γνῶμαι ( Séxtou gnômai), remarking among other things that 'most Christians read them' (Orig. Contra Celsum 8,30). In about 399, Rufinus [II 6] Tyrannius translated a collection of 451 maxims into Latin, naming as author…

(Σεραπίων; Serapíōn). [German version] [1] S. of Antioch Mathematical geographer, 1st cent. BC Mathematical geographer to whom Plin. HN 1,2 referred to as gnomonicus ('measurer of shadows'). In 59 BC, Cicero (who was his contemporary) received S.'s geographical treatise from Atticus as the newest source for his planned Geographica but was hardly able to understand the content (Cic. Att. 2,4,1). In the treatise, Cicero encountered S.'s fierce criticism of Eratosthenes [2] (ibid. 2,6,1). S. estimated the circumference of the sun to be 18 times t…