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Manifesto of the 93
(963 words)
Manifesto of the 93 Published on October 4, 1914, an appeal addressed “to the civilized world” (
An die Kulturwelt! Ein Aufruf ) and endorsed by 93 German men of letters, scientists, scholars and artists, rejected as “untrue” allegations made by the Entente against the German “militarism” and atrocities verifiably committed by the German Army in neutral Belgium. The Manifesto followed numerous other, similar declarations made especially by well-known cultural figures on both sides in the “war of the minds” (
Krieg der Geister, the title of a 1915 collection of international essays published by Hermann Kellermann). These appeals were mainly intended to influence public opinion in neutral countries. However, at the time of its publication the Manifesto was already seen as an ominous key display of disdainful, but certainly also naive, German arrogance. One point of origin for the Manifesto was the article “Die Wirkung der Englischen Lüge” (“The Impact of the English Lie”), which appeared in the
Berliner Tageblatt on September 9, 1914, and motivated the businessman Erich Buchwald to reques…
Muckermann, Hermann
(231 words)
[German Version] (Aug 30, 1877, Bückeburg – Oct 27, 1962, Berlin), Jesuit theologian and eugenicist. After studying theology and the natural sciences, he taught in several Jesuit colleges, specializing in zoology. Under the influence of Alfred Ploetz, during World War I he began to work on eugenics (see also Racism). His
Kind und Volk (1919) became popular. Capitalizing on his influence, Muckermann campaigned among the Catholic population for eugenics grounded in the family and aligned with Catholic social teaching, i…
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Universitäten
(4,886 words)
[English Version]
I. Geschichtlich
1.
Mittelalter und Reformation Die bis heute wichtigste Institution wiss. Bildung und Forschung ist eine Schöpfung des ma. Abendlands. Ihre Entstehung bedeutete einen tiefen Einschnitt in der Gesch. der Wissenschaft, bes. auch in der Theologiegeschichte. Die bis ins 12.Jh. hinein herrschende Vielfalt an Institutionen der Wissensgewinnung und -vermittlung (Klöster, Domschulen, Stiftsschulen, Schulen freier Lehrer) wurde zusammengefaßt, der Reichtum ihrer Arbeitswe…
