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[English version] Fluß im Gebiet der Carpetani (Plut. Sertorius 17,2), h. Tajuña. Er entspringt im äußersten Osten der Sierra de Guadalajara bei Maranchón, fließt an Caracca vorbei und mündet rechtsseits in den Tagus (Tajo). Barceló, Pedro Bibliography TIR K 30 Madrid, 1993, 216.

[English version] Linker Nebenfluß des Iberus [2] (Ebro) in der Hispania Tarraconensis (Caes. civ. 1,40,1; 48,3; 61,1; 63,1; Plin. nat. 3,24), h. Segre. Er entspringt im Gebiet der Cerretani und berührt auf seinem Lauf Ilerda (Lérida). Barceló, Pedro Bibliography TIR K/J 31 Tarraco 146 f.

[English version] Iberischer Volksstamm (Liv. 25,34,6; 28,24,4; 34,20,1 zu Ereignissen der J. 210 bis 184 v. Chr.; Plin. nat. 3,24: Suessetania) zw. Iberus [1] (Ebro) und der Pyrene [2] (Pyrenäen), zw. Vascones im Westen, Sedetani im Süden und Lacetani im Osten; Corbio [2] (Lage unbekannt) war eines seiner Siedlungszentren (Liv. 39,42,1). S. waren evtl. mit den Cessetani identisch. Barceló, Pedro Bibliography TIR K 30 Madrid, 1993, 215.

[English version] Station der Straße von Tarraco nach Asturica beim h. Sasamón (Strab. 3,4,13; Plin. nat. 3,26; Ptol. 2,6,50; CIL II Suppl. p. 932 f.). Barceló, Pedro Bibliography P. Barceló, Das kantabrische Gebirge im Alt., in: E. Olshausen, H. Sonnabend (Hrsg.), Gebirgsland als Lebensraum (Geographica Historica 8), 1996, 53-61, Taf. XIX  F. J. Lomas Salmonte, Asturia prerromana y altoimperial, 1989, 87  TIR K 30 Madrid, 1993, 207 f.

[English version] [1] Ibero-röm. Stadt Ibero-röm. Stadt (Strab. 3,4,13: Σεγοβρίγα; Ptol. 2,6,56: Σεγουβία/ Segubía; Plin. nat. 3,25), Ruinen - u. a. ein Amphitheater - auf dem Hügel Cerro de Cabeza del Griego, 2 röm. Meilen südl. von Saelices (Prov. Cuenca). S. gehörte zum conventus von Carthago Nova (CIL II 4252). Barceló, Pedro [English version] [2] Bistum bei Castellón Bistum bei Castellón, Suffragan von Tarragona, später von Cartagena, h. Segorbe [1]. Barceló, Pedro Bibliography 1 M. Almagro, Historía de Albarracín y su sierra, 3, 1959. M. Almagro, S., 1978  Ders., S., Bd. …

[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Kolonisation | Phönizier, Punier | Punische Kriege | Straßen Phönizische Siedlung (Hekat. FGrH 1 F 43: Σίξος; Strab. 3,4,2; 3,5,5: Ἐξιτανοί; Mela 2,94; Plin. nat. 3,8: Sexi Firmum Iulium; Ptol. 2,4,7: Σέξ; Itin. Anton. 405,3: Saxetanum) an der Südküste der iberischen Halbinsel wohl bei Almuñécar, bis h. nicht ausgegraben. Wegen der starken Verlandung h. kaum mehr erkennbar, befand sich die phöniz. Siedlung urspr. auf einer Halbinsel oder Insel, von den Hügeln, die h. die B…

[German version] (Georres, Giorres). In Valdeorras on the upper Sil (Province of Orense) the inscription ILS I 2079 was found on which a Roman soldier with the Celtic epithet (according to [2. 1089]) Reburrus is called Gigurrus Calubrigensis. Calubriga is the (according to [1. 705]) Celtic name of an unknown town (assumptions in this regard in [3. 95]). The Asturian tribe of the G. is mentioned on several occasions (Plin. HN 3,28; Ptol. 2,6,37; Geogr. Rav. 4,45). As Valdeorras was called Val de Geurrez or Jurrez in the Middle Ages…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Caesar | Wine | | Coloniae | Commerce | Hispania, Iberia | Limes | Pyrenean peninsula | Rome | Rome The modern Córdoba on the bank of the Guadalquivir ( Baetis), which is navigable from C. to its mouth; the city lies at the centre of a region of highly fertile soils. C. also owes its significance to favourable transport links, the old via Herculea, and the surrounding mining industry. The region contained important centres of the Tartessian culture in pre-Roman times (Colina de los Quemados, Montoro). The …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Coloniae | Punic Wars In the 6th cent. BC the rich trading city of Tyrichae lay on the mouth of the Ebro (Avien. Ora maritima 498-503). A ‘very rich’ city is again mentioned there for 215 BC: Hibera (Liv. 23,28,10). It is doubtless identical with the later Hibera Iulia Ilercavonia (for the tribe Ilercavones see [4. 1092]) D. (according to [1. 1269], Iberian, according to [2. 63; 3. 4, 233f.], Ligurian). According to Livy, Hibera lay on the southern bank and this is consistent with the favour…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Hispania, Iberia City of the Vaccaei (Pol. 3,14,1; 3,14,3: Ἑλμαντική/ Helmantikḗ; Liv. 21,5,6: Hermandica; Polyaenus, Strat. 7,48: Σαλμαντίς/ Salmantís; Ptol. 2,5,9: Σαλμάντικα/ Salmántika; It. Ant. 434,4: Salmatice; CIL II 857; 859; 870: S.), modern Salamanca. Conquered by Hannibal [4] in 220 BC to secure a grain supply for his army. Roman municipium on the army road from Augusta [2] Emerita to Asturica Augusta. A Roman bridge over the Tormes still stands there today. Barceló, Pedro (Potsdam) Bibliography P. Barceló, A…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Christianity | | Coloniae | Pyrenean peninsula The present-day Barcelona was an Iberian settlement of the  Lacetani (Mela 2,90; Plin. HN 3,22; Ptol. 2,6, 18). During the Civil War, B. was on Caesar's side. B. received the name Faventia Julia Augusta Pia (or Paterna?) Immunis. B. reached its highest peak during Roman imperial times. The city attained its special significance not least because of its bishops -- under the  Visigoths, when the decline of Tarraco started. Barceló, Pedro (Potsdam) Bibliography Tovar 3, 438-440 R. W…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Commerce | Phoenicians, Poeni City on the right bank at the mouth of the Tagus (Tejo) in Lusitania, modern Lisboa (Lisbon) in Portugal. Attested variant names: Olisipo, It. Ant. 416,4; 418,7; 419,7; 420,8; Olisipona, Tab. Peut. 1,1; Ὀλυσιπών/ Olysipṓn, Str. 3,3,1; Olisippo: Plin. HN 4,116f.; Ulisippo, Mela 3,1,8; Ὀλιοσείπων/ Olioseípōn, Ptol. 2,5,3. There was a palaeolithic settlement on the hill of Castelo São Jorge on the Tejo. Important trade centre. In 138 BC, O. was the basis for consul…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Christianity | | Coloniae | Commerce | Pilgrimage Modern Zaragoza on the Iberus. Originally the likely location of the Iberian settlement of Saduia (Plin. HN 3,24: Salduba) in the tribal area of the Edetani (Ptol. 2,6,62). The Roman colony, founded under Augustus, developed into one of Spain's most important urban centres (cf. Mela 2,88; Str. 3,2,15; 4,10; 13). Important road junction. Possibly the garrison of the 10th legion up to the time of Nero. C.…

[German version] Iberian tribe on the Spanish east coast. The main city was Liria, today still known as Liria on the Guadalaviar (CIL II p. 509), and the tribal area corresponded roughly to the hinterland of Valencia and Saguntum ([1. 111]). Schulten [2. 326] refers to them as the inhabitants of the province of Teruel further to the north. The location can be deduced from that of the main city and from other sources (cf. also [3. 58]: Edeta[nia]). The E. are mentioned for the years of 209 and 141 BC: Pol. 10,34,2 (uncertain reading); App. Ib. 330f. (here, Sedetania should clearly be read as Edet…

[German version] Iberian tribe around  Ilerda in the modern province of Huesca. The I. are often mentioned in the context of the Second Punic War. They initially supported the Carthaginians, were defeated by the Romans in 205 BC (Liv. 29,3) and later became socii (Liv. 34,11). Mentioned in Str. 3,4,10 and Plin. HN 3,21, but not later. Barceló, Pedro (Potsdam) Bibliography A. Schulten (ed.), Fontes Hispaniae Antiquae 3, 1935, 232 Tovar 3, 1989, 46f. Schulten, Landeskunde 1, 21974, 309 A. Vives, La moneda hispánica 2, 1924, 52.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Hispania, Iberia | Phoenicians, Poeni | Pyrenean peninsula Settlement of the  Turdetani, modern Carmona (province of Sevilla in Spain). C. rose to importance during the conflicts between Rome and Carthage (3rd/2nd cents. BC; App. Ib. 25; Liv. 33,21,6ff.). Caes. B Civ. 2,19,4 and Str. 3,2,2 refer to C. as one of the most important towns of Baetica. The names of some of the officials of this   municipium civium Romanorum or Latinorum are known from coins [1. 199] and from inscriptions (CIL II 1378ff.; 5120). Barceló, Pedro (Pots…

[German version] [1] Town near modern Mansilla de las Mulas, northern Spain Town of the Astures near modern Mansilla de las Mulas, northern Spain, approximately 20 km from León (on the Celtic place name [1; 2], also [3; 4]). Conquered in 25 BC by P. Carisius, but spared (Cass. Dio 53,25,8; Flor. Epit. 2,33,37f.; Oros. 6,21,10; cf. also Plin. HN 3,28; Ptol. 2,6,28; It. Ant. 395,3; [5]). Substantial, almost exclusively Roman remains; Roman coins. Barceló, Pedro (Potsdam) Bibliography 1 Holder, s.v. L. 2 A. Schulten, Los Cántabros y Astures ..., 1943, 107, 151 3 F. Abbad Rios, F. Jordá Cerdá, In…

[German version] Iberian tribe in Hispania Tarraconensis (now Cataluña); the place name Berga (province of Barcelona) commemorates it. On his march to Italy Hannibal passed through the tribe's territory (Pol. 3,35; Liv. 21,19; 23). In the first phase of the Roman conquest of Spain the B. put up resistance, but were subdued by Cato in 195 BC (Liv. 34,16ff.). Barceló, Pedro (Potsdam) Bibliography Tovar 3, 39f.

[German version] Town in the upper Ebro valley; precise location unknown. In 179 BC founded as a Gracchuris by Tib. Sempronius Gracchus in place of the Iberian town of Ilurcis (Liv. Epitome 41; Festus p. 86,5). G. is mentioned later in the war against Sertorius in 76 BC (Liv. Epitome 41). Pliny (HN 3,24) names G. among the oppida Latii veteris of the conventus of Caesaraugusta. There are no inscriptions, but G. appears on several coins from the time of Tiberius as a municipium [1. 113f.]. Later G. is no longer mentioned. Barceló, Pedro (Potsdam) Bibliography 1 A. Vives, La moneda hispánic…

[German version] Only mentioned by Avien. 182ff. and by Dionys. Per. 338. They were probably a Celtic tribe (different in [1. 978]), who originally lived on the island of Cartare (probably in the  Baetis delta), later south of the Tagus and in the Anas valley. Possibly identical with the Celtici (cf. Str. 3,1,6). Barceló, Pedro (Potsdam) Bibliography 1 Holder 1. A. Schulten, Fontes Hispaniae Antiquae 1, 21955, 104ff. Tovar 2, 195f.