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Campe
(94 words)
[German version] (Κάμπη;
Kámpē). Gigantic jaileress who stands guard in Tartarus over the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires, monsters with one hundred hands. In the Titanomachy, Zeus follows the advice of Gaia and kills C. (according to Diod. Sic. 3.72.3 she is killed by Dionysus near the Libyan city of Zabrina) so that the former prisoners can support Zeus (Apollod. 1.6); a detailed description of C. as a sort of dragon (starting with the appellative meaning ‘caterpillar’) can be found in Nonnus, Dion. 18.236-264.…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Gaieochos
(125 words)
[German version] (γαιήοχος;
Gaiēochos). Ep. epithet meaning ‘earth shaker’, used in Homer as a metric substitute or complimentary cognomen for Poseidon (especially in conjunction with γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος;
gaiēochos ennosígaios). Only late antique texts extend the reference of
gaieochos beyond Poseidon to Zeus (Opp. Hal. 1,74) and Oceanus (Quint. Smyrn. 2,208). In antiquity, it was generally understood as a composite of γαῖα and ἔχειν (etymologically not tenable) or ὀχεῖσθαι (either in the form of the earth carrying Poseidon as a r…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Ganymeda
(38 words)
[German version] (Γανυμήδα;
Ganymḗda). Female deity in Phleius, patroness of prisoners, later equated with Hebe because of the linguistic similarity to Ganymede, the cup-bearer of the gods. The only source is Paus. 2,13,3f. Visser, Edzard (Basle)
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Brill’s New Pauly
Cassiphone
(117 words)
[German version] (Κασσιφόνη,
Kassiphónē, ‘Fratricide’). Daughter of Odysseus and of Circe, therefore sister of Telegonus. C. is mentioned in description at Lycoph. 807ff.; the name itself is mentioned only in the Commentary of Tzetzes. This figure is probably a late classical or Hellenistic invention, intended to expand the structure of Telegonia: there Telegonus, whom he does not know, kills his father Odysseus and marries his stepmother Penelope; …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Hellen
(137 words)
[German version] (Ἕλλην;
Héllēn). Eponymous progenitor of the Hellenes, therefore of the entirety of the inhabitants of Greece; the individual tribes took their names from H.'s sons and grandsons Dorus, Xuthus (father of Ion and Achaeus [1]) and Aeolus [1]. Pyrrha and either Deucalion (Hes. fr. 2; schol. Hes. Op. 158a; Thuc. 1,3,12; D…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Hyrtacus
(87 words)
[German version] (Ὕρτακος;
Hýrtakos). Named in the Trojan allies' catalogue of the
Iliad as father of Asius, who was the ruler over Arisbe at the Hellespont (Hom. Il. 2,835-839). H. himself only appears in Asius' patronymic information; his name is possibly to be connected with a Cretan town by the name of Hyrtacina. A hero of the same name appears in Virgil's
Aeneid as the father of Nisus (Verg. Aen. 9,176f.). Visser, Edzard (Basle) Bib…
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Istituto (Nazionale) di Studi Romani
(2,453 words)
Visser, Edzard (Basle) [German version] A. Foundation (1923-1925) (CT) The foundation of the
Istituto di Studi Romani (ISR) in 1925 was inextricably linked with contemporary Fascist cultural policies. In his plans, C. Galassi-Paluzzi (1893-1972), founder of the ISR and later its president (1934-1944), followed the views of the philosopher G. Gentile, Minister for
Pubblica Istruzione (1922-1924) and Fascist Italy's leading intellectual. Gentile's policy can be described as a 'nationalization' of instruction, culture and science. His aim was an extensive modernization and centralization…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Ganymede
(531 words)
(Γανυμήδης;
Ganymḗdēs, Etruscan
Catmite, Latin apart from G. also
Catamitus). [German version] [1] Cupbearer to Zeus In Greek mythology (main source: Hom. Il 20,231-235) the son of the Dardanian king Tro…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Lycaon
(658 words)
[German version] [1] Oldest mythical king of Arcadia (Λυκάων;
Lykáōn). Oldest mythical king of Arcadia, son of Pelasgus and of the daughter of Oceanus, Meliboea, or the mountain nymph Cyllene. L.'s sons are the founding heroes of all important Arcadian cities; his son Oenotrus, dissatisfied with his share of the inheritance, is said to have left his homeland and settled in Italy with several followers (hence the name Oenotria) (first in Pherecydes, FGrH 3 F 156). The number of 50 sons mentioned in Apol…
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Odysseus
(2,574 words)
(Ὀδυσσεύς, Latin
Ulixes, Etruscan
utuze). [German version] I. Mythology Son of Laertes and Anticlea, husband of Penelope, father of Telemachus. One of the central figures of Greek mythology; in Homer's
Odyssey, the focus of a major Archaic epic. This fact alone indicates the significance of the figure of O., which contrasts with the other figures of Greek heroic myth through the emphasis on special intellectual abilities. Thus, he represents an archetype in the history of Europe
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Brill’s New Pauly
Hippasus
(555 words)
(Ἵππασος;
Híppasos). Name often used in epic texts for figures lacking any further characterization, particularly common in patronymic information about less important heroes. Esp. interesting in this context are [1] - [4]: [German version] [1] Father of Actor, the Argonaut Father of Actor, the Argonaut (Apoll. Rhod. 1,112; Hyg. Fab. 14). Visser, Edzard (Basle) [German version] …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Carcinus
(585 words)
(Καρκίνος;
Karkínos). [German version] [1] Cancer, the crab that was turned into a sign of the zodiac for biting Heracles in the foot at the behest of Hera while fighting the Hydra (Eratosth. Katasterismoi 11). The Alexandrian month of Karkinon (Καρκινών) was named after it.…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Nestor
(1,290 words)
(Νέστωρ;
Néstōr). [German version] [1] Son of Nesleus Important figure in Greek mythology, particularly in the legend of the Trojan War. N. represents the aging warrior who has lost some of his former physical strength but due to his wealth of experience fulfills an important function in the group of leaders and in the Greek army. N. is the son of Neleus (thus his fixed epi…
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Marsyas
(971 words)
(Μαρσύας;
Marsýas). [German version] [1] Phrygian rivergod and Celaenae's god of protection Phrygian river god and Celaenae's god of protection, represented as satyr or silenus. The name is derived from a toponym that can be found repeatedly throughout A…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Lycurgus
(2,669 words)
(Λυκοῦργος/
Lykoûrgos, ep. Λυκόοργος/
Lykóorgos, Lat. Lucurgus, Lycurgus). [German version] [1] Son of Dryas Son of Dryas, in Nonnus also son of Ares (Nonnus, Dion. 20,149
et passim), opponent of Dionysus, who drives the latter's nurses over the unidentified
Nysḗïon mountains ( Nysa) with the
bouplḗx (‘ox beater’) and intimidates the mad god to such an extent that he dives into the sea to Thetis (Hom. Il. 6,128-140). While in Aeschylus' tetralogy
Lykourgeía (TrGF 3 T 68:
Ēdōnoí F 57-67,
Bassárai/-
rídes F 23-25,
Neānískoi F 146-149,
Lykoûrgos F 124-126) L. is king of the Thracian …
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Menelaus
(2,514 words)
(Μενέλαος/Menélaos, Attic Μενέλεως/Menéleos; Latin Menelaus). [German version] [1] Ruler of Sparta, married to Helena A significant character in the cycle of myths about the Trojan War ( Troy: Cycle of myths). A younger brother of Agamemnon, who ruled the most significant power centre in Greek myth, Mycene, by marriage to Zeus's daughter Helen ( Helene [1]; their only child was a daughter, Hermione) M. became king of a region in the Eurotas valley with its capital Sparta and Amyclae [1], which was significant…
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Brill’s New Pauly