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Yalowa

(604 words)

Author(s): Bazin, Marcel
(en turc contemporain, Yalova), ville et district sur la côte méridionale de la mer de Marmara (40° 40ʹ N.; 29° 17ʹ E.). Le district de Yalowa occupe le flanc septentrional ¶ de la péninsule d’Armutlu, qui s’avance entre le golfe d’Izmit et le golfe de Gemlik au Sud et se termine par le cap du Boz Burun, au Sud-est de la mer de Marmara. Il constituait dans l’Antiquité la contrée de Pytia, intégrée à partir de 280 av. J.-C dans le royaume de Bithynie, et conquise avec lui par Rome en 74 av. J.-C. Les localités de Pitipolis et…

REŻWĀNŠAHR

(1,668 words)

Author(s): Bazin, Marcel
small town and sub-provencial unit ( šahrestān) in the western part of Gilān Province. REŻWĀNŠAHR, small town and sub-provencial unit ( šahrestān) in the western part of Gilān Province. The town is located at lat 37°33′ N, long 49°07′ E. The district is created from the traditional region of Ṭāleš Dulāb, which resulted from the division of the large district of Gaskar, when Fatḥ-ʿAli Shah Qājār (r. 1797-1834), at the beginning of his reign, divided the Persian Ṭāleš between local leaders in order to weaken the famil…
Date: 2022-08-18

AMLAŠ

(1,241 words)

Author(s): Bazin, Marcel | Dyson, Robert H.
AMLAŠ, small town and district in southeastern Gilān (q.v.).AMLAŠ i. Geography.The town of Amlaš is located at lat 37°05′ N, long 50°11′ E, on the right bank of the Šalmānrud. After having long been the center of a rural district ( dehestān) of the same name within the district ( šahrestān) of Rudsar (q.v.), it was appointed as the center of a new district during the administrative rearrangements of 1998. Amlaš district corresponds with the former rural districts of Amlaš and Kojid, with an area of 408 km² and a population of 46,358 inhabitants…
Date: 2021-07-20

ABRĪŠAM

(10,941 words)

Author(s): Eilers, Wilhelm | Bazin, Marcel | Bromberger, Christian | Thompson, Deborah
A version of this article is available in printVolume I, Fascicle 3, pp. 229-247i. EtymologyThe etymology of abrīšam (also abrīšom with dialectical labialization of a or delabialization of o, and barīšam) is not entirely certain. At present, its apparent connection with New Persian reštan/rēs- “to spin” and its derivation from some such form as * upa-raišma- may be maintained. NPers. reštan would traditionally correspond to Old Indic riś-áti “he plucks, tears off.” The Middle Persian has parēšam (H. W. Baily, “Three Pahlavi Notes,” JRAS 1931, p. 425). Abrīšam appears as a loan wor…
Date: 2022-05-18

KHALKHAL

(6,447 words)

Author(s): Bazin, Marcel | Nejatian, Mohammad Hossein
southeasternmost district of Azerbaijan. A version of this article is available in printVolume XVI, Fascicle 4, pp. 397-405 KHALKHĀL (Ḵalḵāl), a town and district ( šahrestān) in the southernmost area of Ardabil province. The town of Khalkhāl (formerly named Herowābād, now likewise called Khalkhāl), is the district’s main city and administrative center. It is located at lat 37° 28ʹ N, long 48° 31ʹ E. Khalkhāl district is bordered by Kawṯar (Kowsar) district in Ardabil province on the north and northwest, Gilān province …
Date: 2022-01-20

PLANHOL, XAVIER DE

(2,047 words)

Author(s): Hourcade, Bernard | Bazin, Marcel
PLANHOL, XAVIER DE (b. Paris, 3 February 1926, d. Paris, 17 May 2016; Figure 1), prominent cultural geographer and leading authority on the relationship between the human and the natural environment, with a lifelong interest in the political geography of the Middle East and particularly Iran and Turkey.Xavier Genestet de Planhol was born in Paris on 3 February 1926. His parents left Paris in 1930 for Clamecy in the Nivernais, to an old family house, where the young Xavier grew up among books and in a traditional, but secular, monarchist fami…
Date: 2021-08-26