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Wine
(4,434 words)
(οἶνος/
oînos; Lat.
vinum). [German version] I.Egypt and Ancient Near East Archeological finds (excavations, pictorial representations in tombs) as well as Egyptian and Roman texts contain a plethora of information about the growing, production and use of wine in Egypt from the Early Period to the Ptolemaic-Roman Period. Wine (Egyptian
jrp; Coptic
ērp; Old-Nubian
orpj/ē; cf. in Sappho 51 ἔρπις/
érpis [9. 46], probably an old foreign cult word [7. 1169]) was grown primarily in Lower Egypt or the Nile Delta and in the oases, clearly because of the favourab…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Tatianus
(689 words)
I. Greek [German version] [I 1] Christian apologist and theologian, 2nd cent. (Τατιανός;
Tatianós). Christian apologist and theologian (born
c. AD 120). By his own account, T. was from the East Syrian/North Mesopotamian region (Or. 42). His work betrays a knowledge of classical authors relying upon Hellenistic scholarly tradition. His travels brought T. into contact with a variety of the philosophical and religious systems of his period (
i.a. participation in mystery cults, which he fails to define more precisely). In Rome, study of the Bible finally brought hi…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thalassius
(456 words)
(Θαλάσσιος;
Thalássios). [German version] [1] Follower of Constantius [2] II, 4th cent. AD (Thalassius).
Praefectus praetorio Orientis 351-353, from a family of
curiales [2] of the East. Little is known about his career, but T. was obviously a loyal follower of Constantius [2] II: in 345, he acted as the emperor's
comes in Aquileia; in 351, he held a high office at his court in Cibalae (Zos. 2,48,5); still in the same year, T. - probably a Christian - entered into the office of praetorian prefect of the East (Artemii Passio…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Secundus
(301 words)
Common Roman
cognomen, originally designating the second-born child. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Saturninius S. Salutius
Praef. praet. Orientis 361-365 and 365-366 (
iterum), from a non-senatorial family in Gallia, a non-Christian. Between 324 and 350, he held several offices at court as well as governorships in the western part of the empire. In 355-359, he held the
quaestura sacri palatii at the court of Caesar Iulianus [11] (CIL VI 1764 = ILS 1255) in Gallia who came to trust S. and, upon his rise to Augustus after the death of Co…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Probus
(1,292 words)
[German version] [1] Imperator Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus Roman emperor AD 276-282 Roman emperor 276-282 AD. Born on 19 August 232 AD in Sirmium; the information about his father in SHA Probus 3,2 and in [Aur. Vict.] epit. Caes. 37,1 is probably fictitious. P.'s career prior to his elevation to emperor in the East in the summer of 276 (Zos. 1,64) (in SHA Probus he is confused with a
dux Tenagino P.) is unknown. During his six-year reign (
cos. I-III 277-279,
cos. IV 281,
cos. V 282) he fought first on the Rhine against the Alamanni, then against the Franci, Burgundiones an…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Nebridius
(290 words)
[German version] [1] Praefectus praetorio Orientis, AD 365
Praefectus praetorio Orientis in AD 365. N. was born in Etruria. His career led through lesser offices, held prior to 354, via the
comitiva Orientis 354-358 and the
quaestura (sacri palatii) at the court of the Caesar Iulianus [11] 359(?)-360 and finally to the Praetorian Prefecture of Gaul (Lib. Epist. 1315). N. attained this office in 360, but withdrew into private life as a loyal follower of Constantius [2] II in 361, when Julian was readying himself for a campaign again…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Nebridius
(273 words)
[English version] [1] Praefectus praetorio Orientis, 365 n.Chr.
Praefectus praetorio Orientis im J. 365 n.Chr. N. wurde in Etrurien geb. Seine Laufbahn führte ihn über kleinere Ämter, die er vor 354 innehatte, über die
comitiva Orientis 354-358 und die
quaestura (sacri palatii) am Hof des Caesars Iulianus [11] 359(?)-360 schließlich zur gallischen Praetorianerpraefektur (Lib. epist. 1315). N. trat dieses Amt 360 an, zog sich aber - als loyaler Gefolgsmann des Constantius [2] II. 361 ins Privatleben zurück, als Iulianus zum Feldzug geg…
Source:
Der Neue Pauly
Probus
(1,194 words)
[English version] [1] Imperator Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus Kaiser Probus Röm. Kaiser 276-282 n. Chr. Geb. am 19.8.232 n. Chr. in Sirmium; Angaben zu seinem Vater in SHA Probus 3,2 und bei [Aur. Vict.] epit. Caes. 37,1 sind wohl fiktiv. P.' Laufbahn bis zu seiner Kaisererhebung im Sommer 276 im Osten (Zos. 1,64) ist unbekannt (in SHA Probus ist er mit dem
dux Tenagino P. verwechselt). In seiner gut sechsjährigen Regierungzeit (
cos. I-III 277-279,
cos. IV 281,
cos. V 282) hatte er erst am Rhein gegen die Alamanni, dann gegen Franci, Burgundiones und Vandali zu kämpfen (Zos. 1,67-68;
Got…
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Der Neue Pauly
Rufinus
(1,183 words)
Röm. Cogn., abgeleitet von Rufus, in republikan. Zeit in der Familie der Cornelii (Cornelius [I 62]), in der Kaiserzeit weitverbreitet (Antius [8], Aradius [1], Caecilius [II 19], Clodius [II 13], Cuspius [3], Fadius [II 1], Vibius), in der Spätant. auch häufiger Eigenname. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] Magister militum per Thracias um 515 n. Chr.
Magister militum per Thracias um 515 n. Chr., wurde von Kaiser Anastasios [1] I. mit dem Kampf gegen den Söldnerführer Vitalianus betraut (Ioh. von Antiocheia fr. 214e = FHG 5, 34; Chr…
Source:
Der Neue Pauly
Rufinus
(1,669 words)
[German version] I Greek (Ῥουφῖνος/
Rhouphînos). [German version] [I 1] Epigrammatist Greek epigrammatist; dating uncertain (Neronian/Flavian era? [2; 4]; 2nd cent. AD? [3]; late 4th cent. AD? [1]); origin unknown (Anth. Pal. 5,9: residence in Ephesus). 37 erotic poems are extant, all in Anth. Pal. 5,2-103 (on this so-called
Sylloge Rufiniana, perhaps also from the 4th cent. AD, cf. [5]). With the exception of the paederastic poem 28 (cf. also 19), R.' epigrams, in which 13 women's names are mentioned (two further fictitious ones in 44,1), tr…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Leontius
(1,073 words)
(Λεόντιος;
Leóntios). [German version] [1] Ptolemaic commander of Seleucid Pieria, late 3rd cent. BC Ptolemaic commander of Seleucea Pieria; in 219 BC, he surrendered the city to Antiochus [5] III after initial resistance in a hopeless position. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [2] General of peltasts, 3rd cent. BC Macedonian, named general of peltasts by Antigonus [3] Doson in his will. Together with Megaleas, L. opposed the pro-Achaean politics of Philippus V and his mentor Aratus [2]; after inciting the elite troops against the k…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Philippus
(7,662 words)
[German version] I Greek (Φίλιππος/
Phílippos). Macedonian kings P. [3-7], including P. [4] II, P. [7] V; the apostle and evangelist P. [28]; philosophers and poets P. [29-32]. [German version] [I 1] Spartan naval leader in 411 BC Spartiate, commander at Miletus in 412 BC (Thuc. 8,28,5), sent in 411 with two triremes to Aspendus to move, with the support of Tissaphernes, the Phoenician fleet to fight Athens (Thuc. 8,87), but soon told the
naúarchos Mindarus that his mission would be unsuccessful (Thuc. 8,99; [1. 244]). Peloponnesian War Welwei, Karl-Wilhelm (Bochum) Bibliography
1 B. …
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Brill’s New Pauly