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Abdāl
(558 words)
(A.; plur. of
badal , "substitute"), one of the degrees in the ṣūfī hierarchical order of saints, who, unknown by the masses (
rid̲j̲āl al-g̲h̲ayb [cf. g̲h̲ayb ]), participate by means of their powerful influence in the preservation of the order of the universe. The different accounts in the ṣūfī literature show no agreement as to the details of this hierarchy. There is also great difference of opinion as to the number of the
abdāl : 40, e.g. Ibn Ḥanbāl,
Musnad , i, 112, cf. v, 322; Hud̲j̲wīrī,
Kashf al-Maḥd̲j̲ūb (Zhukowsky), 269, (transl. Nicholson, 214), 300 (al-Makkī,
Ḳūt al-Ḳulūb …
