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a town in Tehran province, located 36 km west of the city of Tehran on the western bank of the Karaj River (lat 35° 46ʹ N, long 50° 49ʹ E; elev., 1,360 m).A version of this article is available in printVolume XV, Fascicle 5, pp. 537-543 KARAJ (also spelled Kerej or Karadj), a town in Tehran province, located 36 km west of the city of Tehran on the western bank of the Karaj River (lat 35° 46ʹ N, long 50° 49ʹ E; elev., 1,360 m). It has an average yearly rainfall of 188 m., average temperature maximum 21.3°C and minimum 8.9°. This entry is divided into two sections:i. Modern city.ii. Population.KARAJ i. Modern CityIn the present day, Karaj is a major suburb of Tehran. But until the second half of the 20th century, it was only known as a summer resort of the sub-district ( dehestān) of Sāv…

PLANHOL, XAVIER DE (b. Paris, 3 February 1926, d. Paris, 17 May 2016; Figure 1), prominent cultural geographer and leading authority on the relationship between the human and the natural environment, with a lifelong interest in the political geography of the Middle East and particularly Iran and Turkey.Xavier Genestet de Planhol was born in Paris on 3 February 1926. His parents left Paris in 1930 for Clamecy in the Nivernais, to an old family house, where the young Xavier grew up among books and in a traditional, but secular, monarchist fami…