Search

in Persia. This article surveys the history and production of various firearms and artillery in Persia from their introduction to the 19th century.A version of this article is available in printVolume IX, Fascicle 6, pp. 619-628 FIREARMS in Persia. This article surveys the history and production of various firearms and artillery in Persia from their introduction to the 19th century.i. HISTORYThe generic word used in Persian for a gun (i.e., an arquebus or harquebus, originally a portable but heavy matchlock gun fired from a support) was tofak. The original meaning of tofak was a hollo…

KATTĀN  (pronounced  katān in Persian), term for both flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and linen, and it is also used for the production of linseed oil. KATTĀN (pronounced katān in Persian), term for both flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) and linen. The word in Persian comes from Arabic kattān, which in its turn is from Aramaic kettānā/ kittānā, derived from Sumerian gad and Akkadian kitū/ kitinū ‘linen’ (Ḥasandust, pp. 2134-35). Flax is an annual, self-fertilizing plant grown for its fiber (fiber flax), or for its seed (oil flax, seed flax, linseed), or for bot…