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Essays StatesSocial Aspects of the WarThe Course of the WarHistoriography States Germany The First World War was the apotheosis of the bourgeois era and the beginning of the end of European world hegemony. It ended with the disintegration of the conservative monarchies of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and of the Tsarist Empire. During the Bismarck era and the subsequent period of Wilhelminism, the German Empire had risen to the status of a hegemonic power on the European conti…

War Aims Prior to the outbreak of the war, none of the European Powers had pursued concrete territorial annexation aims that might have significantly influenced their decision to take up arms. Soon after the beginning of the war, however, the issue of war aims began to be debated in all countries, at first mostly behind closed doors. The British foreign secretary Sir Edward Grey was able to prevent a public discussion of British war aims. Great Britain was quite resolute in its demand that the ind…

Bibliographic entry in Chapter 12: The U…