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[German version] [1] C. Commodus, L. Cos. ord. 78 AD A native of Etruria; senator from the time of Nero; cos. ord. 78; governor of Syria from AD 78/79; married to Appia Severa (PIR2 C 603) [1. I 308; 2. 45 A. 22]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. Commodus, L. Cos. ord. 106 AD Son of [1]. Cos. ord. AD 106 (PIR2 C 604). Married to one Plautia, their son being C. [3]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] C. Commodus, L. = Aelius Caesar, L. Cos. ord. 136 AD Son of [2]. His maternal half-brother was M. Vettulenus Civica Barbarus [3. 845]. Born on 13 January in about AD 1…

[German version] [1-2] See Ap(p)uleius [I 10-11]. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) [German version] [3] Emperor for a short time, 3rd cent. Was elevated to emperor by the army at the time of Gallienus, but killed by the soldiers a short time afterwards because of his severity (SHA Tyr. Trig. 23; cf. SHA Firmus 11,1; SHA Gall. 9,1). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography Kienast 2, 230  PLRE 1, 805 no. 1. [German version] [4] Imperator Caesar C. Iulius S. Augustus of Moorish extraction, followed a military care…

[German version] [1] Senator in the time of Vespasian Senator attested in a fragmentary inscription from Arretium, CIL XI 1834 = ILS 1000. According to [1] based on AE 1967, 355, the name should be C. Petillius Q. f. Pom. Firmus. As tribunus of legio IV Flavia he took part in a campaign and then received dona militaria. He was quaestor Vespasiani and was honoured by the Senate with ornamenta praetoria. Perhaps a son of  Petillius Cerialis [2. 81ff.]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Bosworth, in: ZPE 39, 1980, 267ff. 2 T. Franke, Die Legionslegaten der röm. Armee ..., 1991. PIR2 F 159. …

[English version] [1] 240 n. Chr. von den Karthagern zum Kaiser ausgerufen Wurde im J. 240 n. Chr. von den Einwohnern Karthagos zum Kaiser ausgerufen, doch wenig später durch den Statthalter Mauretaniens besiegt und von den eigenen Anhängern an Gordianus [3] III. ausgeliefert (Zos. 1,17,1; SHA Gord. 23,4). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography Kienast 1, 197. [English version] [2] s. Vettius Sabinianus s. Vettius Sabinianus Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [3] 359-360 n. Chr. magister equitum per Orientem 359-360 n. Chr. in höherem Alter unter Constantius [2] II. magist…

[English version] [1] einer der 30 Tyrannen Vom Verf. der Historia Augusta erfundene Person, einer der sog. 30 Tyrannen, angeblich Usurpator unter Claudius Gothicus, der nach 7 Tagen getötet wurde. Zur vita, SHA trig. tyr. 31,12; 32,8-33,6. PIR2 C 656. Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) Bibliography K.-P. Johne, Kaiserbiographie und Senatsaristokratie, 1976, 122-28. [English version] [2] Caelius C., C. Spätantiker Beamter, 4. Jh. n.Chr. Hoher Beamter in der Zeit Constantinus' d. Gr. Er ist nur durch eine Inschr. aus Campanien bezeugt (ILS 1216), die seine Ämter nennt. PLRE 1,196 Nr. 2. Port…

[English version] [1] Erste Gemahlin des Iulius Constantius [4] 1. Hälfte 4. Jh. n. Chr. Erste Gemahlin des Iulius Constantius [4], eines Sohnes des Kaisers Constantius [5] I. Sie war Mutter des Constantius Gallus, des Caesars von 351-354 n.Chr. (Amm. 14,11,27). PLRE 1, 382 (G. 1). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Jüngste Tochter des Valentinianus I. Jüngste Tochter des Valentinianus I., Schwester des Valentinianus II. 387 n.Chr. floh sie mit ihm und ihrer Mutter Iustina vor dem Usurpator Maximus nach Konstantinopel, wo sie Theodosius I…

[English version] [1] C. M. Rufus stoischer Philosoph, ca. 30-100 Stoischer Philosoph, der Epiktetos [2] beeinflußte, vor 30 n.Chr. in eine ritterliche Familie in Etrurien geboren; M. lehrte in griech. Sprache. Nero ließ ihn wegen seiner Verbindungen zu stoischen Senatoren verbannen; nach Neros Tod wurde M. zurückgerufen, wieder verbannt und unter den Flaviern erneut zurückgeholt. Bereits zu seinem Tod um 100 n.Chr. war er zum Symbol des philos. Lebens geworden. Er selbst schrieb nichts, doch wurden Vorl…

Roman family name, probably related to Gabii (Schulze 532f.), widespread in Latium, and documented from the 3rd cent. BC; during the 2nd cent. BC, the family gained senatorial rank. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] G., A. People's tribune 139 BC Allegedly the grandson of a slave (Liv. Per. Oxyrhynch. 54; cf. Cic. Leg. 3,35), in 146 BC envoy to the Achaeans; as people's tribune he introduced the secret ballot with voting tablets ( tabellae) for the election of officials in 139 (1. lex tabellaria, Cic. loc. cit.; Lael. 41). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography M. Jehne, Ge…

[German version] [1] Trajan, Roman Emperor, AD 98-117 Roman emperor, AD 98-117. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] I. Career up to accession T. was probably born in 53, the son of the consular (of the same name), M. Ulpius [12] Traianus, and probably a certain Marcia, perhaps a daughter of Marcius [II 3] Barea. The family came from Italica in Hispania Baetica. Little is known of T.' senatorial career. He served as a tribunus [4] militum under his father in Syria (but certainly not for ten stipendia ('campaigns'), as alleged in Plin. Pan. 15,3). After his praetorship (before 84…

[German version] [1] Uncle of emperor Theodosius I Flavius E. was an uncle of emperor Theodosius I (Them. Or. 16,203d). He is possibly identical with the comes sacrarum largitionum of AD 377-379 (Cod. Theod. 1,32,3; 10,20,9). In 381 he was consul (Them. ibid.). He was still alive in 395 (Zos. 5,2,3). PLRE 1, 288 E. (2). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Son of Stilicho, about AD 390 Flavius E., the son of  Stilicho and Serena, born AD 389 in Rome. He first lived in Constantinople, then at the court of  Honorius, where he became tribunus et notarius. In 400 he became engaged wi…

(Φερένικος; Pherénikos). [German version] [1] Theban politician Theban, son of Cephisodotus, who had taken in Athenians who had fled from the Thirty Tyrants ( Triákonta ) into Thebes (Lys. fr. 78). After the occupation of the Cadmeia in 382 BC P., a follower of Ismenias' [1] faction, had to escape to Athens (Plut. Pelopidas 5,3). During the emigrant's attack on Thebes in December 379 P. waited with his people in the Thriasian Plain until a group led by Pelopidas had eliminated the polemarchs in Thebes (Plut. Pelopidas 8,1; see also Plut. Mor. 576c; 577a). Beck, Hans (Cologne) …

[German version] [1] First wife of Julius Constantinus [4] 1st half 4th cent. AD First wife of Julius Constantius [4], a son of emperor Constantius [5] I. She was mother of Constantius Gallus, Caesar from AD 351-354 (Amm. Marc. 14,11,27). PLRE 1, 382 (G. 1). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Youngest daughter of Valentinianus I Youngest daughter of  Valentinianus I, sister of Valentinianus II. In AD 387 she fled, together with him and her mother Iustina, from the usurper Maximus to Constantinople, where she married Theodosius I (their da…

[German version] [1] Originally the cognomen of  Caracalla Originally the cognomen of  Caracalla. Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) [German version] [2] Originally the cognomen of the future emperor M. Aurelius  Severus Alexander Originally the cognomen of the future emperor M. Aurelius  Severus Alexander. Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) [German version] [3] Caesar for Italy around 316 AD Married to  Anastasia [1], named Caesar for Italy by  Constantinus the Great shortly before the war against Licinus (AD 316), but was then spurred on by his brother Senecio to…

[German version] [1] Praefectus praetorio AD 222 or 223 Praefectus praetorio with (Geminius) Chrestus in AD 222 or 223. When upon the insistence of Julia Mamaea, Domitius  Ulpianus was put in charge by Severus Alexander as praetorian prefect, the guard mutinied, so Ulpianus had F. and Chrestus killed (Cass. Dio 80,2,2; Zos. 1,11,2). PIR2 F 180. Fuhrer, Therese (Zürich) [German version] [2] Virius Nicomachus F. Pagan, aristorcrat in Rome; friend of Symmachus Dominant figure of the non-C…

(Προκόπιος/ Prokópios). [German version] [1] Usurper, AD 365-366 Usurper, AD 365-366 Usurper in AD 365-366. He was born in 326 in Corycus (Them. Or. 7,86c; cf. Amm. Marc. 26,9,11) and was a relative of the emperor Iulianus [11] (Amm. Marc. 23,3,2). In 358 he was a delegate to Persia with the rank of a tribunus (Amm. Marc. 17,14,3), later he held a high position at the schola notariorum (Amm. Marc. 26,6,1). During Julian’s Persian campaign, he commanded a division as a comes (Amm. Marc. 23,3,5). After Julian's death (363) he retired to private life (Zos.…

[German version] [1] C. M. Rufus Stoic philosopher, c. AD 30-100 Stoic philosopher, who influenced Epictetus [2]. Born into the equestrian class in Etruria before AD 30. He taught in Greek. Exiled by Nero for his links to Stoic senators, he was recalled after Nero's death, but exiled and recalled again under the Flavians. By his death (c. AD 100), he had become a symbol of the philosophical life. He wrote nothing, but accounts of his lectures were published after his death, probably by Lucius [2]; Twenty-one extracts of these are preserved by Stobaeus and one on papyrus. His works focuses on…

(Ἀβλάβιος; Ablábios). [German version] [1] Flavius A., 4th cent. AD Flavius A. was one of the most influential officials under  Constantinus the Great. He came from Crete (Lib. Or. 42,23); the child of poor non-Christians (Eun. Vit. Soph. 6,3,1-7); later converted to Christianity (Athan. Epist. Fest. 5). In AD 324/326 he was vicarius of Asia (CIL III 352), 329-337 praef. praet. Orientis, 331 cos. ord. It is said to have been on his instigation that the pagan philosopher  Sopater was executed by Constantine (Eun. Vit. Soph. 6,2,12; 3,7,13; Zos. 2,40,3). He was possibly still in office as pra…

Röm. Cognomen (auch Caerialis, Caerealis) latinischer Herkunft, abgeleitet von dem Adj. Cerealis (“zu Ceres gehörig”), seit iulisch-claudischer Zeit verbreitet (Schulze, 486f.; ThlL, Onom. 2,344f.). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [English version] [1] Schwager von Valentinianus I., 4. Jh. n.Chr. Bruder der Iustina, der Gattin Valentinianus' I. (Amm. 28,2,10). Tribunus stabuli (Amm. 30,5,19). Im Jahre 375 n.Chr. half er seinem Neffen Valentinianus II. auf den Thron (Amm. 30,10,5). PLRE 1,197. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Dux Libyarum 405 n.Chr. Dux Libyarum 4…

[English version] [1] Römischer Kaiser, geb. 51 n. Chr. Römischer Kaiser, urspr. Name T. Flavius Domitianus = Imperator Caesar Domitianus Augustus. Eck, Werner (Köln) [English version] A. Bis zum Tod des Titus Geb. am 24. Okt. 51 n.Chr. in Rom; seine Eltern waren T. Flavius Vespasianus und Flavia Domitilla. Seine Kindheit verbrachte D. in Rom; den Vater Vespasianus hat er nicht nach Iudaea begleitet. In der 2. Jahreshälfte 69 während der Herrschaft des Vitellius, als D.' Vater bereits zum Kaiser ausgerufen war, wurde sein Lebe…

Deminutivum des röm. Vornamens Marcus, Cognomen in der Familie der Claudii (Claudius [I 7-15; II 42-44]); bekanntester Namensträger ist der Neffe des Augustus, C. Claudius [II 42] M. Griech. Namensträger Markellos. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] Proconsul in Afrika, nach 117 n.Chr. Ein M. wird in zwei Inschr. aus Africa als proconsul genannt: ILAlg 591 und [1. 304]. Da in ILAlg wohl C. Iulius [II 48] Cornutus Tertullus als Vorgänger (116/7? n.Chr.) erwähnt ist, gehört der Prokonsulat in die Zeit danach; möglicherweise ist der Senator mit M. Vitorius M., cos…

[English version] [1] M. Daia röm. Kaiser 305-313 n.Chr. Röm. Kaiser 305-313 n.Chr. Als Sohn der Schwester des Galerius [5] und wie dieser in der Dacia ripensis geboren, vielleicht in Šarkamen (h. Serbien), stieg er vom protector zum tribunus auf (Lact. mort. pers. 19,6) und wurde Caesar im Thronwechsel von 305 als Adoptivsohn des Galerius (seither: Galerius Valerius Maximinus). Als Teilherrscher über die Diözese Oriens führte er die Christenverfolgung fort (Eus. HE 8,14,9). Wie Constantinus [1] gab sich M. nicht mit dem Titel eines…

(Εὐγένιος). [English version] [1] Flavius Eugenius röm. Usurpator, Rhetor und Kaiser, um 400 Röm. Usurpator 392-394 n.Chr. Er war Christ, Lehrer der Grammatik und Rhetorik in Rom und wurde um 392 magister scrinii bei Valentinian II. (Zos. 4,54,1). Am 22.8.392 wurde er durch Arbogast zum Kaiser erhoben (Sokr. 5,25; Soz. 7,22,4). Stets von Arbogast gelenkt, suchte er zunächst Verständigung mit Ambrosius und Theodosius I. (Ambr. epist. 57; Zos. 4,54f.; ILS 790). Von Theodosius nicht anerkannt, verbündete er sich in It. mit den ni…

[English version] [1] Schüler des Libanios, consularis Palaestinae primae 360/1 n. Chr. Schüler des Libanios, von dem er Briefe empfing (Lib. epist. 137; 157; 158). 360/361 n.Chr. war er consularis Palaestinae primae (Lib. epist. 156; 159). PLRE 1, 447 (H.us 1). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Flavius H. Bruder der Kaiserin Eusebia, consul 359 n. Chr. Bruder der Kaiserin Eusebia. Zusammen mit seinem Bruder Fl. Eusebius war er 359 n.Chr. Consul (Amm. 18,1,1). 363 war er evtl. vicarius urbis Romae (Cod. Theod. 3,5,8). Er wurde zusammen mit seinem Bruder 371 in…

(Ὀλυμπιόδωρος). [English version] [1] Athenischer Politiker (Ende 4. Jh.v. Chr.) Athener, konnte zwischen 307 und 301 v.Chr. gegen Kassandros Aitolien zum Bündnis bewegen und Elateia entsetzen (Paus. 1,26,3; 10,18,7; 34,3). Obgleich Demetrios [2] Poliorketes ihn zweimal (294/3 und 293/2) widerrechtlich als eponymen árchōn einsetzte (Dion. Hal. de Dinarcho 9; IG II2 378 = [1. D 70]; IG II2 389 und SEG 21,354; IG II2 649 = [2. 7f.]; Agora 16, 167; [3. 124 Nr. 9]; vgl. allg. Plut. Demetrios 34), stellte sich N. beim Abfall Athens von Demetrios 287/6 gegen di…

[English version] [1] s. Marcius Festus s. Marcius Festus Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Iulius F. Hymetius Röm. Amtsträger; proconsul Africae 366-368 n. Chr. war um 350 n.Chr. corrector Tusciae et Umbriae, später praetor urbanus und consularis Campaniae cum Samnio (vor 355). 362 war er vicarius urbis Romae (Cod. Theod. 11,30,29) und 366-368 proconsul Africae (Cod. Theod. 9,19,3; die gesamte Laufbahn in ILS 1256). Als proconsul linderte er eine Hungersnot in Karthago und wurde dabei wegen eines falschen Betrugsvorwurfs zu einer Geldbuße verurt…

[German version] [1] Student of Libanius, consularis Palaestinae primae 360/1 AD Student of  Libanius, from whom he received letters (Lib. Ep. 137; 157; 158). In AD 360/361 he was consularis Palaestinae primae (Lib. Ep. 156; 159). PLRE 1, 447 (H.us 1). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Flavius H. Brother of empress Eusebia, consul 359 AD Brother of empress  Eusebia. Together with his brother Fl. Eusebius he was consul in AD 359 (Amm. Marc. 18,1,1). In 363 he was possibly vicarius urbis Romae (Cod. Theod. 3,5,8). He was sentenced along with his brother in a trial …

(Θαλάσσιος; Thalássios). [German version] [1] Follower of Constantius [2] II, 4th cent. AD (Thalassius). Praefectus praetorio Orientis 351-353, from a family of curiales [2] of the East. Little is known about his career, but T. was obviously a loyal follower of Constantius [2] II: in 345, he acted as the emperor's comes in Aquileia; in 351, he held a high office at his court in Cibalae (Zos. 2,48,5); still in the same year, T. - probably a Christian - entered into the office of praetorian prefect of the East (Artemii Passio…

Italian nomen gentile, see also Salustius. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] S., Cn. Friend and correspondent of Cicero Close friend of Cicero, with whom he demonstrably exchanged letters between 67 and 45 BC (Cic. Att. 11,11,2; Cic. Fam. 14,11). In 58, he accompanied Cicero on the first leg of his journey into exile, in 47, he lent him money, and they were together pardoned by Caesar (Cic. Fam. 14,4,6; Cic. Div. 1,59). S. read the draft of Cicero's De re publica and urged him - in vain - to state his views clearly and unambiguously (Cic. Ad Q. Fr. 3,5,1), a request…

Roman cognomen (also Caerialis, Caerealis) of Latin origin, derived from the adjectival Cerealis (‘belonging to Ceres’); current from the Julian-Claudian era onwards (Schulze, 486f.; ThlL, Onom. 2,344f.).   Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [German version] [1] Brother-in-law of Valentinianus I, 4th cent. AD Brother of  Iustina, the wife of  Valentinianus I (Amm. Marc. 28,2,10). Tribunus stabuli (Amm. Marc. 30,5,19). In AD 375 he helped his nephew  Valentinianus II to the throne (Amm. Marc. 30,10,5). PLRE 1,197. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Dux Libyarum 405 AD In AD 4…

(Εὐγένιος; Eugénios). [German version] [1] Flavius Eugenius Roman usurper, rhetor and emperor, about AD 400 Roman usurper in AD 392-394. He was a Christian, a teacher of grammar and rhetoric in Rome and he became magister scrinii for Valentinian II around 392 (Zos. 4,54,1). On 22 August 392 he was elevated to the position of emperor by Arbogast (Socr. 5,25; Sozom. Hist. eccl. 7,22,4). Constantly controlled by Arbogast, he first sought an agreement with Ambrosius and Theodosius I (Ambr. Epist. 57; Zos. 4,54f.; ILS 790). He was not …

[German version] [1] Roman emperor, born AD 51 Roman emperor; original name T. Flavius Domitianus = Imperator Caesar Domitianus Augustus. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] A. Up to the death of Titus Born on 24 Oct. AD 51 in Rome; his parents were T. Flavius  Vespasianus and Flavia Domitilla. D. spent his childhood in Rome; he did not accompany his father Vespasian to Judaea. His life was first threatened in the 2nd half of 69 during the reign of Vitellius, when D.'s father had already been proclaimed emperor, and fightin…

[German version] [1] M. Daia Roman emperor, AD 305-313 Roman emperor, AD 305-313. The son of Galerius' [5] sister and like Galerius born in Dacia ripensis, possibly in Šarkamen (modern Serbia), he rose from protector to tribunus (Lactant. De mort. pers. 19,6); as Galerius' adoptive son he became Caesar in the change of rulers of 305 (thereafter: Galerius Valerius Maximinus). As co-ruler over the diocese Oriens he continued the persecutions of Christians (Euseb. Hist. eccl. 8,14,9). Like Constantinus [1] not content with the title …

Ital. Gentilname; s. auch Salustios. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] S., Cn. Freund und Korrespondent Ciceros Enger Freund Ciceros, 67-45 v. Chr. als sein Korrespondent belegt (Cic. Att. 11,11,2; Cic. fam. 14,11). 58 begleitete er Cicero auf dem ersten Stück der Reise ins Exil, 47 lieh er ihm Geld, und beide wurden zusammen von Caesar begnadigt (Cic. fam. 14,4,6; Cic. div. 1,59). S. las den Entwurf von De re publica und drängte - vergeblich - auf kompromißlose Äußerungen Ciceros (ad Q. fr. 3,5,1), ebenso 54 im Prozeß um A. Gabinius [I 2] (ebd. 3,4,2). Fündling, Jörg (Bon…

[German version] [1] see Marcius Festus see  Marcius Festus Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Iulius F. Hymetius Rom. official, proconsul Africae AD 366-368 served around AD 350 as corrector Tusciae et Umbriae, later as praetor urbanus and consularis Campaniae cum Samnio (before 355). In 362, he became vicarius urbis Romae (Cod. Theod. 11,30,29), and from 366 to 368 proconsul Africae (Cod. Theod. 9,19,3; his entire career: ILS 1256). As proconsul, he helped to alleviate a famine in Carthage, and in this context was sentenced to a fine as a result of b…

(Ὀλυμπιόδωρος; Olympiódōros). [German version] [1] Athenian politician (end of the 4th cent. BC) Athenian, managed between 307 and 301 BC to induce Aetolia to enter into an alliance against Cassander and to relieve Elatea (Paus. 1,26,3; 10,18,7; 34,3). Although Demetrius [2] Poliorketes twice illegally appointed him (in 294/3 and 293/2) as eponymous árchōn (Dion. Hal. De Dinarcho 9; IG II2 378 = [1. D 70]; IG II2 389 and SEG 21,354; IG II2 649 = [2. 7f.]; Agora 16, 167; [3. 124 No. 9]; cf. in general Plut. Demetrius 34), O., when Athens seceded from Demetrius in 2…

[German version] [1] Southern Anatolian coastal mountain range Southern Anatolian coastal mountain range, today the Toros Dağları; it extends from Caria and Lycia in the west (Western T. with the Bey Dağları, 3086 m), through Cilicia (Middle T. with the Kalı Dağ, 3734 m), from where the Amanus branches off to the south-east and the Anti-T. to the north, while the main range stretches north-east to the Ararat highlands (Inner and Central Eastern T. with Ararat, 5165 m), beyond which a further Anti-T. (Ou…

(Εὐυσέβιος). [English version] [1] Flavius Eusebius Consul 347 n. Chr. Im Gesetz Cod. Theod. 11,1,1 von 360 n.Chr. wird auf den ehemaligen cos. et mag. equitum et peditum Eusebius Bezug genommen. Es handelt sich hierbei wohl um den cos. E. von 347, der vielleicht mit dem Vater der Kaiserin Eusebia [1] identisch ist (vgl. Iul. or. 3,107d-110d). PLRE 1, 307f. Eusebius (39). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Eusebius Röm. Amtsträger um 355 n. Chr. Sohn von E. [1]. Wie sein Bruder Hypatius wurde er durch seine Schwester Eusebia [1] (vgl. Iul. or. 3,116a) gefö…

(Βασιλεῖος). [English version] [1] B. der Große Theologe und Bf. von Kaisareia/Kappadokien. Markschies, Christoph (Heidelberg) [English version] A. Biographie Zusammen mit seinem jüngeren Bruder Gregor von Nyssa und seinem Freund Gregor von Nazianz zählt B. (* um 329/30 als Sohn einer christl. senatorischen Großgrundbesitzerfamilie) zu den sog. drei großen Kappadoziern. Seine Großmutter gab ihm eine erste Einführung in Bibel und Theologie in den Bahnen des Origenismus. Kaisareia/Kappadokien, Konstantinopel und At…

Röm. Cognomen (“der Glückliche”), in republikanischer Zeit zunächst Beiname des Dictators L. Cornelius [I 90] Sulla und seiner Nachfahren (Cornelius [II 59-61]); in der Kaiserzeit als glückverheißende Bezeichnung eines der häufigsten Cognomina überhaupt und häufigster Sklavenname. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] Steinschneider der röm. Republik Steinschneider aus der Zeit der röm. Republik, wohl Zeitgenosse des Dioskurides [8], zusammen mit Anteros inschr. als gemari de sacra viam genannt [1. 44 u. Anm. 40]. Signierte den berühmten Sardonyx…

Röm. Cogn., abgeleitet von Rufus, in republikan. Zeit in der Familie der Cornelii (Cornelius [I 62]), in der Kaiserzeit weitverbreitet (Antius [8], Aradius [1], Caecilius [II 19], Clodius [II 13], Cuspius [3], Fadius [II 1], Vibius), in der Spätant. auch häufiger Eigenname. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] Magister militum per Thracias um 515 n. Chr. Magister militum per Thracias um 515 n. Chr., wurde von Kaiser Anastasios [1] I. mit dem Kampf gegen den Söldnerführer Vitalianus betraut (Ioh. von Antiocheia fr. 214e = FHG 5, 34; Chr…

[German version] I Greek (Σευῆρος; Seuêros). [German version] [1] Platonist, 2nd cent.? Platonist, probably 2nd cent. AD. He wrote a monograph On the soul [1. 80, 299; 2. 409-13, 428 f., 435 f.] and a commentary on Plato’s Timaeus [1. 52, 217 f.; 2. 407-9]. He appears in these works to be an original-minded, somewhat stoicizing interpreter of Aristotle’s doctrine of categories [1. 259; 2. 413 f.; 3. 66, 288 f.], and of Plato’s theories of the soul [1. 299; 3. 56, 278 f.] and of the origin of the world [4. 116-18, 417-21]. His works …

Roman cognomen (‘The Fortunate One’), in the Republican period initially an epithet of the dictator L. Cornelius [I 90] Sulla and his descendants (Cornelius [II 59-61]); in the Imperial period, as a name invoking luck, one of the most common cognomina and the most common slave name. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Gem-cutter of the Roman Republican period Gem-cutter of the Roman Republican period, probably a contemporary of  Dioscurides [8], named together with  Anteros in an inscription as a gemari de sacra via [1. 44 and note 40]. He signed the famous sard…

(Βασιλεῖος; Basileîos). [German version] [1] Basil the Great Theologian and bishop of Caesarea/Cappadocia. Markschies, Christoph (Berlin) [German version] A. Biography B. (born around 329/330 as the son of a Christian senatorial family who owned large estates) together with his younger brother  Gregorius of Nyssa and his friend  Gregorius of Nazianze were called the three great Cappadocians. His grandmother gave him his first introduction to the Bible and theology along the lines of Origenism. His education contin…

(Εὐσέβιος; Eusébios). [German version] [1] Flavius Eusebius Consul AD 347 Mention is made in the statute Cod. Theod. 11,1,1 of AD 360 of the former cos. et mag. equitum et peditum Eusebius. This probably refers to cos. E. of 347, who may perhaps be identified as the father of the empress Eusebia [1] (cf. Julian Or. 3,107d-110d). PLRE 1, 307f. Eusebius (39). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Eusebius Roman official about AD 355 Son of E. [1]. Like his brother Hypatius, he enjoyed the patronage of his sister  Eusebia [1] (cf. Julian Or. 3,116a). In AD 355 he was consularis Hellespon…

Röm. Cognomen, das urspr. entweder körperliche Größe oder die Reihenfolge der Geburt (“der Ältere”) bezeichnete, so in republikan. Zeit bei Sp. Postumius Albinus M. ( cos. 148 v. Chr.) und T. Roscius M. (Cic. S. Rosc. 17) [1. 275; 3. 47]. Als Übernahme des Beinamens Alexandros' [4] “d.Gr.” (ὁ μέγας/ ho mégas, im Sinne von großer histor. Bed.) im 1. Jh. v.Chr. zuerst von Cn. Pompeius ( cos. 70 und 55) angenommen, dann auf seine Söhne Cn. und Sex. Pompeius und deren Nachkommen vererbt. Sex. Pompeius benutzte M. auch als Praenomen bzw. Gentilname [4. 364f.]. …

(Γαυδέντιος). [English version] [1] G. Philosophos Musiker und Philosoph Autor einer Einführung in die Harmonik Ἁρμονικὴ εἰσαγωγή ( Harmonikḗ eisagōgḗ), die - wohl nach Klaudios Ptolemaios verfaßt - Cassiodorus' Freund Mutianus ins Lat. übersetzt hat (Cassiod. inst. 2,5,142 Mynors). Das unvollständig (in 23 Kap.) erh. Werk bietet traditionelles Lehrgut in z.T. leicht veränderter Form, bes. des Aristoxenos und der Pythagoreer: Stimme, Ton, Intervall, Tongeschlecht, System (1-7), Zusammenklänge, Konsonanzen, Zahlenv…

(Κλέαρχος). [English version] [1] Bronzebildner aus Rhegion, 2. H. 6. Jh. v. Chr. Bronzebildner aus Rhegion. Aufgrund seiner Statue des Zeus Hypatos in Sparta, nach der Beschreibung ein Sphyrelaton, wurde K. von Pausanias fälschlich als der Erfinder von Bronzestatuen bezeichnet. Nach der Überl. sei er Schüler von Dipoinos und Skyllis oder von Daidalos sowie Lehrer von Pythagoras gewesen und war somit in der 2. H. des 6. Jh.v.Chr. tätig. Neudecker, Richard (Rom) Bibliography Overbeck Nr. 332f., 491  P. Romanelli, in: EAA 4, 365f.  J. Papadopoulos, Xoana e sphyrelata, 1980, 82  Fuchs/…

[English version] [1] aus Olynthos Makedon. Offizier (2.H. 4. Jh. v. Chr.) machte alle Feldzüge Alexandros' [II 4] mit. 315 v. Chr. Offizier des Antigonos [1] bei Tyros, dann Berater von Demetrios [2], dem er 312 riet, die Schlacht bei Gaza abzulehnen. In der Schlacht befehligte er die Kavallerie am rechten Flügel und entkam nach der Niederlage nach Tyros, wo er das Kommando übernahm und die Stadt eine Zeitlang halten konnte. Am Ende von der Garnison an Ptolemaios [1] ausgeliefert, wurde er von ihm als Freund in Ehren gehalten. Diod. 19. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve, 7…

(Ἀνδρόνικος; Andrónikos). [German version] [1] from Olynthus Macedonian officer (2nd half of the 4th cent. BC) Participated in all campaigns of  Alexander [II 4]. 315 BC officer of  Antigonus [1] at Tyre, then advisor of  Demetrius [2], whom he advised 312 to decline the battle at Gaza. In the battle he commanded the cavalry at the right flank and escaped after the defeat to Tyre, where he took over command and was able to hold the city for a time. At the end, delivered by the garrison to  Ptolemaeus [1], by whom he was honoured as a friend. Diod. Sic. 19. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliograph…

[German version] I Greek (Ῥουφῖνος/ Rhouphînos). [German version] [I 1] Epigrammatist Greek epigrammatist; dating uncertain (Neronian/Flavian era? [2; 4]; 2nd cent. AD? [3]; late 4th cent. AD? [1]); origin unknown (Anth. Pal. 5,9: residence in Ephesus). 37 erotic poems are extant, all in Anth. Pal. 5,2-103 (on this so-called Sylloge Rufiniana, perhaps also from the 4th cent. AD, cf. [5]). With the exception of the paederastic poem 28 (cf. also 19), R.' epigrams, in which 13 women's names are mentioned (two further fictitious ones in 44,1), tr…