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[German Version] (INC; Church of Christ) is an indigenous Philippine evangelical church, which was founded in 1914 by Felix Y. Manalo (1886–1963), who served as its executive minister for 49 years till his death. Born a Catholic, Manalo had taken a spiritual pilgrimage through the Iglesia Filipina Indepediente, the Methodist, Presbyterian, and Disciples missions prior to gathering a following around himself. Unitarian in theology, the INC teaches only one true God and no salvation outside the Chur…

[German Version] (IFI; Philippine Independent Church), with two million members in 1999, is an independent and nationalistic Philippine Catholic Church, rooted in the Filipino clergy's 19th-century struggle for dignity and equal opportunity with Spanish friars in appointment to the parishes. During the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896–1898, Filipino priests controlled all the 800 parishes in the country. Opposition by Rome to an 1899 plan to organize an indigenous hierarchy prompted the…