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[German version] I. Geography Central Italian people and the hilly and mountainous region (flysch in the north, Jurassic lime in the south) they inhabited. It is located i…

[German version] Area of lagoons (seven at the time of naming) at the mouths of the Padus and the Atesis (Plin. HN. 119f.), modern Laguna Veneta in the Atria region, enhanced by the Etrusci with the waters of the Sagis, and still navigable in the Roman Imperial period, partly by means of fossae…

[German version] Strategically important narrow pass ( saltus) above Tarracina (in Latium) between the mountain range and a steep headland above the sea (Liv. 7,39,7; 22,15,11). The Romans were defeated there in 315 BC by the Samnites (Liv. 9,23,4; Diod. Sic. 19,72). From 312 onwards the steep …

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[German version] Hill town of the  Volsci in the central Liris valley, modern Arpino (Frosinone); Roman   praefectura from 305 BC (Liv. 9,44,16), from 90 BC   municipium of the tribus Cornelia, regio I, birth place of Marius and Cicero. Simple Volscian fortifications are extant at Civita Falconiera, also a strong Roman walled circle (3 km in diameter; polygonal stonework), including a monumental gate with a pointed arch. Remains of a temple (possibly of Mercurius Lanarius) underneath the church of S. Maria; remains of another b…

[German version] (Τίβερις/ Tíberis, modern Tevere). River in central Italy (403 km long, 17,169 km2 catchment area). Other names: Albula (Serv. Aen. 8,332: from the Latin albus, 'white'; cf. Liv. 1,3; Plin. HN 3,53), Rumon (Serv. Aen. 8,63; 8,90), Serra (Serv. Aen. 8,63), Thybris (Verg. Aen. 2,782; 3,500); called flavus ('yellow') in Verg. Aen. 7,31 for the great quantity of eroded soil it bore (on Tiberinus, god of the T., cf. Varro, Ling. 5,71; Serv. Aen. 8,31). It rises in the Appenines (Appenninus) on Monte Fumaiolo at 1,268 m above sea le…

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[German version] Mountain in the Appenninus (Varro Rust. 2,1,5; Verg. Aen. 7,713) to the north of the Via Salaria, which separates the fourth (Nursia der Sabini) and fifth (Asculum in Picenum) regio nes, modern Monti Sibillini (up to 2476 m high). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] (Truentinus). River in Picenum (Picentes), modern Tronto. It rises in the Appenninus (on mons Fiscellus, modern Gran Sasso), flows parallel to the via Salaria past Badies (not located), ad Martis (not located), Surpicanum (not located), ad Centesimum (modern Centesimo), ad Aquas (modern Acquasanta Terme),  Asculum (modern Ascoli) and, navigable only in this area, into the sea near Truentum to the south of modern San Bendetto. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Town of the Peucetii at the crossroads of the via Gellia and the via Traiana between Rubi and Barium (It. Ant. 117; It. Burd. 609) where the church of San Pietro sopra Minerva conceals a temple to Minerva, now Bitonto. Municipium of regio II: Plin. HN 3,105; Mart. 2,48,7. Minting in the 3rd cent. BC [1]. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography 1 HN 46 …

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[German version] Volcanic island in the Mare Tyrrhenum , the modern Palmarola (province of Latina). From north to south, it measures 3.5 km at a maximum elevation of 253 m. P. is the westernmost of the insulae Pontiae (Pontia [2]; Varro Rust. 3,5,7; Plin. HN 3,81). Uggeri, …

[German version] Township, developed out of three vici (cf. place name), of the Hirpini in Apulia (Apuli), possibly modern Trevico (formerly Vico) or modern La Civita 7 km to the east. A villa near T. (possibly at modern Scampitella) was used as a mansio by Horatius [7] on his journey to Brundisium in 37 BC (Hor. Sat. 1,5,79 f.). …

[German version] City of the Volsci in Latium adiectum, perhaps to be located near Monte Giove. Home city of  Coriolanus; C. is mentioned in connection with the events of 490 BC (Liv. 2,39; 3,71). Ceased to exist in the course of the 5th cent.; no traces left at the time of Pliny (HN 3,69). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography S. Gsell, Top., Jahr, 180f. A. Nibby, Analisi storico-topographico-antiquaria della carta de'dintorni di Roma 1, 1837, 512f. Nissen 2, 631.

[German version] River originating in the area of the Volsci (Latium) to the north-east of Atina. Between Fabrateria and Aquinum, in a distance of four miles, it flows in the river Liris. It is crossed by the via Latina ( Melfel, Tab. Peut. 6,2), modern Melfa. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 669 Miller, 330.

[German version] [1] Town in the Picenum on the river Fiumicello Town in the  Picenum on the river Fiumicello (Musone). Municipium of the tribus Velina (Plin. HN 3,111); T. Labienus, who was from C., richly endowed the city with buildings at his own expense (Caes. B Civ. 1,15,2). Monuments: remains on the terrace of Borgo San Lorenzo under the modern Cingoli (Macerata); opus reticulatum walls, remains of a temple in the church; aqueduct (restored by Hadrian). The territory of C. extended to the mountain of the same name (Str. 5,2,10; possibly the modern Monte Cingulo). …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria Municipium in Umbria (Plin. HN 3,114), modern Sant'Antonio della Rasina to the west of Gualdo Tadino. Road station on the via Flaminia. In 552 AD Narses [4] defeated the Goth Totila at T. (Proc. BG 4,29). Later abandoned in favour of the higher-lying Gualdo. …

[German version] River in Sabinum, rising at Mt Fiscellus near  Nursia (Plin. HN 3,109). The   via Salaria followed the course of the river from Falacrinae via Interocrium and Cutilia to Reate, where it joined the Velinus. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Small island in the mare Tyrrhenum opposite  Cosa in Etruria, named Artemisia by the Greeks because of its crescent shape (Plin. HN 3,81), mod. Giannutri (Prov. Grosseto). Roman villa. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography R. C. Bronson, G. Uggeri, in: Studii…

[German version] [1] F. Vetus Town of the Hernici on the Trerus (modern Sacco) near Frosinone ( Frusino) in Latium adiectum ( regio I), called F. Vetus from the end of the 2nd cent. BC, near the church of Santa Maria del Fiume near Ceccano (cf. CIL X p. 552, 5647-5661; EEpigr 8, 888f.). As a Volscian town, it was involved in Rome's disputes with the Samnites (Liv. 8,19,1) in 330. Initially civitas sine suffragio, then municipium, tribus Tromentina (CIL X 5657); under dictatores, later administered by IV viri and decuriones. Cult of Ceres and Hercules. Centuriation area. Uggeri, Giovanni (…

[German version] River in Venetia, modern Tagliamento (Geogr. Rav 4,36: Taliamentum). It rises in the Alpes Carnicae, flows through Iulium Carnicum, Osopus (mode…

[German version] River in central Italy (168 km), modern Garigliano. It has its source in the Colles Simbruini near Lacus Fucinus, flows through Sora, takes up the Fibrenus below Arpinum (Cic. Leg. agr. 2,3) and forms a waterfall here; near Fregellae i…

[German version] Volcanic massif (1053 m, modern Monte Cimino) in southern Etruria, in the borderlands shared with the Falisci in the Silva Ciminia. The MC towered above the Lacus Ciminius, which was rich in fish (according to Serv. Aen. 7,697, the lake was created by Hercules; modern Lago di Vico). East of the lake, it was crossed by the …

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[German version] Crater lake in Latium near Aricia in the Alban Hills (Plin. HN 19,141), modern Lago di Nemi. An underground drainage adit (Str. 5,3,13) was cut around the 4th cent. BC [1]. The forested slopes on its banks formed the nemus Dianae (grove of Diana, with temple and high priest, rex Nemorensis, who - always a runaway slave - had to kill his predecessor in single combat [2; 3; 4]). The nemus Dianae led to the lake being called lacus Nemorensis (Prop. 3,22), but also speculum Dianae (‘Mirror of Diana’) (Serv. Aen. 7,516). There was a community of villas (Cic. Att. 6,1,45; 15,1,5) on the lake, where the emperors Caligula and Vitellius (Tac. Hist. 3,36) spent their sum…

[German version] [1] Town of the Peucetii in Apulia Town of the Peucetii in Apulia at the via Municia Tranana, modern Ceglie del Campo (province of Bari). Over a length of more than 5 km encircled by a town wall. Inside, graves from the 6th/4th cents. BC; traces of centuriation. Minting in the 3rd cent. BC. (HN 46: ΚΑΙΛΙΝΟΝ). Municipium of the tribus Claudia (Str. 6,3,7; Ptol. 3,1,7). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography …

[German version] Town of the Samnites Pentri ( regio IV) on a hill to the right of the Tifernus. In 217 BC won back from the Carthaginians by Q. Fabius Maximus (Liv. 24,20,5). …

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[German version] Town in the territory of the Aurunci (Ausones) on the Tyrrhenian coast between Minturnae and Sinuessa, where in 340 BC the consul Manlius [I 12] defeated the Latini decisively (Liv. 8,11,11; Diod. Sic. 16,90,2), to be found on the Ager Vescinus (cf. Liv. 10,21,7; 10,31,2; Cic. Leg. …

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[German version] Way station on the Adriatic coastal road in Picenum between Castrum Novum and Ostia Aterni (Tab. Peut. 6,1). The place name is probably corrupt, in connection with the mouth of the river called Matrínos by Str. 5,4,2 and Ptol. 3,1,17. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 431 N. Alfieri, I fiumi adriatici, in: Athenaeum 37, 1949, 137f.

[German version] A river, which gives its name to the tribus Sapinia, modern Savio; rises in the Appennines in the north of Umbria (Plin. HN 3,115;  Str. 5,1,11: Σάπις; Sápis); Sarsina is in its upper reaches. It flows through the region of Caesena into the Aemilia and joins the Ionian Sea (Ionios Kolpos) to the south of Ravenna. It was crossed by the via Popilia at the road station S. between Ariminum and Ravenna (Tab. Peut. 5,1: Sabis). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Umbri, Umbria Town of the  Umbri on the slopes of Mount Subasio, modern Assisi. From 89 BC   …

[German version] (Ῥηγισουίλλα/ Rhēgisouílla). Small landing site ( positio, Itin. Maritimum 499,3 f.) on the coast of Etruria between Graviscae and Cosa(e), the residence of Maleus [3], king of Pelasgian colonists, who later returned to Athens (Str. 5,2,8). In the Hellenistic-Roman Period, R. was a port of the Volci/Vulci (near modern Montalto di Castro). The place has been located at Le Murelle di Montalto di Castro; there is a Roman villa of the period from the 1st to the 5th cents. AD there. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography E. Tortorici, Regisvillae, in: Quaderni Ist. To…

[German version] [1] Statio in  Etruria on the  via Cassia…

[German version] (Λόγγολα; Lóngola). Town near Antium and Corioli whose inhabitants were known as Long(ul)ani. In ancient times in the territory of the Latini, later of the Volsci, and in 493 BC conquered by Consul Postumus Cominius [I 3] (Liv. 2,33,4; 39,3; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 6,91; 8,36; 85). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 556, 631 M. Pallottino, Le origini di Roma, in: ArchCl 12, 1960, 27 A. Alföldi, Early Rome and the Latins, 1963, 13, 368.

[German version] Promontory on the coast of Etruria (635 m; Rut. Nam. 1,315) to the south of the mouth of the Albinia (modern Albegna), today still Monte Argentario, connected to the mainland by two narrow strips of land enclosing a lagoon. Uggeri, Giovanni (Flo…

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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria | | Coloniae Umbrian harbour-city north of the mouth of the Metaurus ( regio VI), where the via Flaminia reaches the Adriatic coast; the modern Fano (Pesaro; It. Gaditanum 95; It. Ant. 126; It. Burd. 615; Tab. Peut. 5,2). The name derives from the cult of Fortuna. F. had the status of a municipium, tribus Pollia. The city was occupied by Caesar after his crossing of the Rubicon (Caes. B Civ. 1,11,4); under Augustus it was the veterans' colony of Iulia Fanestris (CIL XI 6232); basilica of Vitruvius (5,1,6-10; [1; 2])…

[German version] Town of the Aurunci in Latium adiectum at the foot of the montes Fundani (Tac. Ann. 4,59) on the via Appia between Tarracina and Formiae, 74 miles from Rome, modern Fondi (Latina). In 338 or 332 BC together with  Formiae civitas sine suffragio (Liv. 8,14,10; Vell. Pat. 1,14,4), F. then sided with the Privernati (Liv. 8,19). In 188 BC F. and Formiae belonged to the tribus Aemilia ( cum suffragio); F. was a praefectura; in 174 it obtained an aqueduct through the Roman censores (Liv. 41,27,11). F. was a municipium with three aediles and had a cult of Hercules. Under Augustus F. was a c…

[German version] (vulgarly also Vicoventia). Vicus (cf. CIL V 2383; XI 421) in Regio VIII (Aemilia;  cf. Regio , with map). It flourished from the 1st cent. AD as an administrative centre of the saltus regionis Padanae Vercellensium Ravennatium (cf. ILS 1509). Documented from 431 AD as a suffragan bishopric of Ravenna (Petrus Chrysologus, Sermo 175). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Caesar | Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Coloniae City on the fossilized (that is, practically dried-up) tributary of the Auser (modern Serchio), which in ancient times flowed into the Arno at Pisa, today Lucca; last colonia of Latin law, founded in 180 BC by Rome on the territor…

[German version] Island in the Mare Tyrrhenum off Etruria, modern Pianosa. Prehistorical finds, …

[German version] Volcanic massif (956 m) in Latium Vetus (Latini), modern-day Monte Cavo, southeast of Rome (from it derives the term lapis Albanus,  a grey-coloured peperino or volcanic tuff used in buildings in Rome). The centre of cult worship originally lay beneath Alba Longa in a grove, then later in the temple of Iuppiter Latiaris ( templum Iovis Latiaris, CIL XIV 2227) 20 miles from Rome, where , in spring, the Latins and Romans sacrificed a white bull on occasion of the feriae Latinae and organised games in the presence of all the  magistrates.The grove of Diana Nemorensis ( nemus D…

[German version] Samnite tribe on the Adriatic coast (Str. 5,4,2). The name is derived from the dissimilation of the place name [1] * Frentrum, which in turn was inferred through numismatical ( Frentrei) and inscriptional ( Frentra[ni]) methods [2]. The F. settled on the slopes of the regio VII that fall away towards the Adriatic, between the Maiella mountains a…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Tribus | Coloniae Latin   colonia with 6,000 colonists, founded as a fortification to control a road junction in 304 BC (Liv. 10. 1. 2) in the area of the  Aequi: the later via Valeria (between Rome and the Adriatic;   decumanus of the city laid out at right angles) and a road that connected Etruria with Campania along the Liris met there. Served as place of exile for Syphax, for Perseu…

[German version] Marshy region on the river Eridanus, which had originated from a southern arm of the Padus (Po) in the period of Early History and had dried up in the Roman period. The fossil river bed was used in the construction of the fossa Augusta , the navigable canal between Padus and Classis which was the port for Ravenna (cf. Plin. HN 3,119). P. is associated with the myth of Phaethon and Cycnus [3] (Diod. Sic.5,23,3). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography L. Gambi, Cosa era la Padusa, 1950  G. Uggeri, La Romanizzazione del…

[German version] Right-bank tributary of the Calor (modern Calore) in the territory of the Hirpini, modern Tammaro. It rises in the region of Saepinum, crosses the Ager Taurasinus, touches Forum Novum (modern Sant' Arcangelo) and into the Calor at Beneventum; stretches of it are flanked by the via Minucia (station Super Thamari fluvium:  It. Ant. 103,1) and the via Traiana. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Miller, 370 G. De Bene…

[German version] Tributary of the Tiber running through Sabina and Umbria, present-day Nera, parts of which formed the boundary between regio IV and VI (Enn. Ann. fr. 260 V2: sulphureas ... Naris ad undas; Verg. Aen. 7,517; nar is Sabine for  ‘sulp…