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(Ἀλύπιος; Alýpios). [German version] [1] Vicarius of Britain under Iulianus Possibly from Cilicia, absolved a study programme in Antiochia (Lib. Ep. 324). Under emperor  Julian he administered Britain as vicarius (Lib. loc.cit; n. 23,1,2). AD 363 Julian passed on the rebuilding of the temple of Jerusalem to the educated pagan (cf. Julian Ep. 29 and 30), this failed in the end (Philostorgius Hist. eccl. 7,9; Rufin. hist. 10,38; note 23,1,2). 371 A. was embroiled in a lawsuit concerning murder by poison and was exiled (n. 29,1,44). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Faltoniu…

[English version] [1] Vicarius von Britannien unter Iulianus Stammte evtl. aus Kilikien, absolvierte ein Studium in Antiochia (Lib. epist. 324). Unter dem Caesar Iulianus verwaltete er als vicarius Britannien (Lib. l.c.; Amm. 23,1,2). 363 n. Chr. übertrug Iulian dem gebildeten Heiden (vgl. Iul. epist. 29 und 30) den schließlich gescheiterten Wiederaufbau des Tempels von Jerusalem (Philostorgios hist. eccl. 7,9; Rufin. hist. 10,38; Amm. 23,1,2). 371 wurde A. in einen Giftmordprozeß verwickelt und verbannt (Amm. 29,1,44). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Falton…

[English version] [1] 350 n.Chr wohl magister militum des Usurpators Magnentius Verfolgte 350 n.Chr., evtl. als magister militum des Usurpators Magnentius, den fliehenden Kaiser Constans und tötete ihn bei der Festnahme in der Pyrenäenstadt Helena ([Aur. Vict.] epit. Caes. 41,23; Zos. 2,42,5). 351 war er mit Magnentius zusammen consul (Chron. min. 1, 69 Mommsen). PLRE 1, 380. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] unter Honoriusum 409 n.Chr. Amtsträger Comes sacrarum largitionum unter Honorius wohl 409 n.Chr. und comes et magister officiorum im Jahre 410 (Cod. Ius…

[English version] [1] Flavius F. Praefectus praetorio Galliarum 357-360 n. Chr. war 357-360 n.Chr. praefectus praetorio Galliarum. Auf sein Betreiben ließ Constantius [2] II. Hilfstruppen aus Gallien abziehen, was die Erhebung Iulians zur Folge hatte (Iul. epist. 282c; Amm. 20,4,2). Constantius ernannte ihn 360 zum praefectus praetorio Illyrici und ehrte ihn 361 mit dem Consulat (Amm. 21,6,5). Nach Iulians Sieg wurde er von der Kommission zu Kalchedon in absentia zum Tod verurteilt (Amm. 22,3,6). Wahrscheinlich ist er identisch mit dem gleichnamigen comes des Constantius, …

Relatively rare Roman family name (for derivation: Varro, Rust. 2,1,10). [German version] [1] E., L. Represented himself as son of Ti. Sempronius Gracchus Adventurer of uncertain origins, who in 102 BC represented himself as the son of the people's tribune Ti.  Sempronius Gracchus, killed in 133. He was acknowledged neither by the censor, Q. Caecilius [I 30] Metellus Numidicus, nor by the sister of Gracchus. As a follower of L. Ap(p)uleius [I 11] Saturninus, in 100 he stood for the post of people's tribune for 99, but was himself killed during the unrest that led to the death of Appuleius. E…

[German version] [1] Rom. officer from Cappadocia, eyewitness of the Persian campaign of AD 363 According to Malalas (p. 332,9ff.) a Roman officer from Cappadocia, who recorded his eyewitness account of Julian's Persian campaign of AD 363 in an annalistic history (FHG 4,6). Both the character and his work may well be fictitious (cf. FGrH II B 226, p. 638f.). PLRE 1, 319 E. (39). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Praef. praet. AD 396/7 Praef. praet. ( Illyrici?) in AD 396/7.; praef. praet. Orientis between 397 and 399; II in 404/5; cos. in 398. His identification with Typhu…

(Ĕκδίκιος; Ekdíkios) [German version] [2] Son of the Emperor Avitus, 5th cent. AD Arvernian from a senator's family, son of the emperor  Avitus [1], brother-in-law of Sidonius Apollinaris, received an excellent education (in Clermont). Around AD 469, he was probably at the court of  Anthemius [2]; probably in 471 he organized the defence of Clermont against the Visigoths using his own means. During a famine in Burgundy in 473, he supplied the (suffering) population with food. In 474, Iulius Nepos awarded the patricius title to him for his achievements and probably made him a magister utr…

[German version] [1] Author of a Lat. historical work Author of a Latin historical work, which according to its dedication was written at the instruction of Emperor Valens. The text indicates that the author had taken part in Julian's Persian campaign (10,16,1). In the intitulatio of a MS, he is referred to as a magister memoriae. It is still questionable whether he is identical with another Eutropius of the 2nd half of the 4th cent., whose name appears in other sources: possibly he was proconsul Asiae in 371/2, praef. praet. Illyrici in 380-1, and consul posterior in 387. The historical …

[German version] [1] Aemilius Magnus, professor of rhetoric and lawyer in Tolosa Aemilius Magnus, son of Caecilius Argicius Arborius and Aemilia Corinthia Maura, and maternal uncle of the poet D. Magnus  Ausonius, whose education and career he influenced substantially (Auson. 162, p. 30 f.; 206, p. 63 f.). He worked as a respected professor of rhetoric and advocate in Tolosa and its neighbouring provinces, and, through this, must have become friends with the half-brothers of Constantine I. It is disputed whether he also held the office of praeses of Gallia Narbonensis (but cf. …

[German version] [1] Neoplatonist from Cappadocia Neoplatonist from Cappadocia († before AD 355), pupil of  Iamblichus. Only source: Eunapius, Vitae philosophorum et sophistarum. After the death of Iamblichus, he apparently took over Iamblichus' pupils and then retired back to Cappadocia, and finally ended up teaching in Pergamum together with the philosopher Sosipatra. As he considered himself too old, after a short time he transferred the responsibility of the philosophical education of Julian, the future emperor, …

[German version] [1] M. Aurelius N. Author of bucolic writings, before AD 284? As the name Carthagin(i)ensis appended in some MSS indicates, N. came from Africa. He wrote four bucolic poems ( Bucolica, Buc.) and a didactic poem about hunting ( Cynegetica, Cyn.), of which verses 1-325 are extant. The dedication of the Cyn. to the emperors Carinus and Numerianus [2] enables dating to shortly before AD 284. Whether N. also wrote Halieutica and Nautica, as maintained by SHA Car. 11,2, is doubtful, as is the authenticity of two fragments of a didactic poem on catching birds ( De aucipio) [11. 313f…

[German version] [1] Praef. urbi 304-5, 312-13 AD Q. (?). Member of the African family of the Aradii Rufini, which had arisen to Senate membership early in the 3rd cent. AD. Presumably praef. urbi. already from 4.1.304 - 12.2.305 A. R. held this office again under Maxentius (9.2. - 27.10.312), after he had been consul together with  Ceionius in the last months of 311. After the victory of Constantine over Maxentius, A. was again praefectus urbi from 29.11.312 to 8.12.313. His proving himself under the various emperors was praised by Avianius Symmachus (Symmachus, Ep. 1; 2; 3). Bleckmann, Br…

[German version] [1] Half-sister of Constantine the Great Half-sister of Constantine the Great and wife of  Bassianus. She must have still been alive during the founding of Constantinople; the Thermae Anastasianae are named after her (Amm. Marc. 26,6,14). From time to time, her name, which refers to belief in the Resurrection, was regarded as circumstantial evidence of the fundamentally Christian convictions of her father  Constantius (PLRE 1, 58, A.1). Bleckmann, Bruno (Strasbourg) [German version] [2] Daughter of the emperor Valens Daughter of the emperor Valens. She and…

(κορυνηφόροι; korynēphóroi, ‘mace-bearers’). [German version] [1] Bodyguards of Peistratus Bodyguards who were to protect Peisistratus against an alleged threat from his opponents. They were granted to him by the Athenian people. He used them to occupy the acropolis (Hdt. 1,59). Solon supposedly recognized this striving for tyranny and he was the only one to declare himself against the bodyguards ([Aristot.] Ath. Pol. 14,2; Plut. Solon 30). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) [German version] [2] Bodyguards of the tyrant of Sicyon According to a later tradition, bodyguards of the…

[German version] [1] Iulius T. Tutor of princes, teacher of rhetoric, late 2nd cent. Active probably in the late 2nd cent. AD as a tutor of princes and later in Vesontio (modern Besançon) and Lugdunum (modern Lyon) as a teacher of rhetoric, T. was the author of numerous (non-surviving) works. He was famous for his prose ' Letters of Famous Women' written on the model of Ovidius' Heroides (on the choice of the letters of Cicero as a stylistic model: Sid. Apoll. Epist. 1,1,2). Furthermore, there is evidence of a collection of themata from Vergil for teaching rhetoric, a prose paraphrase …

[German version] [1] Choral lyric poet from Athens, 2nd cent. BC (Λιμήνιος; Limḗnios) from Athens. Choral lyric poet, composer of a paean to Apollo (127 BC), which is preserved in an inscription on the treasury of the Athenians at Delphi. Besides the text itself, the notes of the tune for the kithara accompaniment are also provided: Paeonic-Cretan rhythm, the word accent taken up by the melody, highest variability in the use of keys. Metre; Athenaeus [7] Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) Bibliography E. Pöhlmann, Denkmäler altgriech. Musik, 1970, 68-76 M. L. West, Ancient Greek Music, 1992, 293-301 L. …

[German version] [1] Appointed emperor in AD 280 Appointed emperor in Cologne, together with Proculus, in AD 280, soon thereafter defeated by  Probus (Eutr. 9,17,1; Aur. Vict. Caes. 37,3; [Aur. Vict.] Epit. Caes. 37,2). His vita in the  Historia Augusta (Probus), is largely fictitious; no genuine coins of his are known. PIR2 B 146; PLRE 1, 163 no.1. Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) [German version] [2] Consul in AD 344 Flavius B. was consul in AD 344 but was acknowledged only in the West and even there he is attested only until April/May. According to [1], however, he …

[German version] [1] Christian, murdered in 361 AD by the heathen mob Praepositus monetae in Alexandria. On 24 December AD 361 he was murdered as a Christian by the heathen mob because he had knocked over an altar (Amm. Marc. 22,11,9f.; Historia acephala 8). PLRE 1, 271 D. (1). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Antonius D. Vicarius Africae 364-367 AD Attested only epigraphically (ILS 758; 763 et al.) and as a recipient of laws (Cod. Theod. 11,7,9; 11,30,33), vicarius Africae from AD 364 to 367 PLRE 1, 271f. D (3). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [3] Blossius Aemiliu…

[German version] [1] Brother-in-law of Valentinian I, died c. 370 AD Brother-in-law of  Valentinian I. He led the fleet of the Euphrates in 363 in Julian’s Persian campaign (Amm. Marc. 23,3,9; Zos. 3,13,3). In 370 when tribunus stabuli in Valentinian’s Gaulish campaigns he was killed in an ambush (Amm. Marc. 28,2,10). PLRE 1,221. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Byzantine general under Justinian I Comes sacri stabuli (‘supervisor of the imperial stables’), Byzantine general in the war of  Justinian I against the Goths; from 536 in Dalmatia; after…

[English version] [1] Praef. urbi 304-5, 312-13 n. Chr. Q. (?). Angehöriger der im frühen 3. Jh. n. Chr. in den Senat aufgestiegenen afrikan. Familie der Aradii Rufini. Vermutlich bereits vom 4.1.304-12.2.305 praef. urbi, bekleidete A. dieses Amt erneut unter Maxentius (9.2. - 27.10.312), nachdem er die letzten Monate von 311 gemeinsam mit Ceionius Konsul gewesen war. Nach dem Sieg Constantins über Maxentius war A. vom 29.11.312 bis 8.12.313 erneut praefectus urbi. Seine Bewährung unter den verschiedenen Kaisern rühmt Avianius Symmachus (Symm. epist. 1; 2; 3). Bleckmann, Bruno (S…

Seltener römischer Familienname, (zur Ableitung: Varro rust. 2,1,10). [English version] [1] E., L. gab sich als Sohn des Ti. Sempronius Gracchus aus Abenteurer unbestimmter Herkunft, der sich 102 v.Chr. als Sohn des 133 getöteten Volkstribunen Ti. Sempronius Gracchus ausgab, aber weder vom Censor Q. Caecilius [I 30] Metellus Numidicus noch der Schwester des Gracchus anerkannt wurde. Als Gefolgsmann des L. Ap(p)uleius [I 11] Saturninus bewarb er sich 100 um das Volkstribunat für 99, wurde aber in den Unruhen, die zum Tod des Appuleius führten, selbst getötet. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig…

[English version] [1] Schwager Valentinianus' I., gest. um 370 n. Chr. Schwager Valentinianus' I. Er nahm 363 n.Chr. als Führer der Euphratflotte an Iulians Perserfeldzug teil (Amm. 23,3,9; Zos. 3,13,3). Um 370 wurde er (als tribunus stabuli) während der Feldzüge Valentinians in Gallien bei einem Hinterhalt erschlagen (Amm. 28,2,10). PLRE 1,221. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Byz. Heerführer unter Iustinianus I. Comes sacri stabuli (Oberaufseher über die kaiserlichen Stallungen), byz. Heerführer im Gotenkrieg Iustinianus I., ab 536 in Dalmat…

[English version] [1] Röm. Offizier aus Kappadokien, Augenzeuge des Perserkrieges von 363 n. Chr. Nach Malalas (p. 332,9ff.) röm. Offizier aus Kappadokien, der in einem annalistischen Werk Iulians Perserkrieg von 363 n.Chr. als Augenzeuge beschrieben hat (FHG 4,6). Person und Werk sind evtl. Fiktion (vgl. FGrH II B 226, p. 638f.). PLRE 1, 319 E. (39). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Praef. praet. 396/7 n. Chr. Praef. praet. ( Illyrici?) 396/7 n.Chr.; praef. praet. Orientis 397-399; II 404/5; cos. 398. Strittig ist seine Identifizierung mit Typhos aus Synesi…

[English version] [1] M. Aurelius N. Verf. bukolischer Schriften, vor 284? entsprechend dem Namenszusatz Carthagin(i)ensis in einigen Hss. aus Africa stammend, verfaßte vier bukolische Gedichte ( Bucolica, Buc.) und ein Lehrgedicht über die Jagd ( Cynegetica, Cyn.), von dem die V. 1-325 erh. sind. Die Widmung der Cyn. an die Kaiser Carinus und Numerianus [2] ermöglicht eine Datier. kurz vor 284 n.Chr. Ob N. auch Halieutica und Nautica verfaßte, wie SHA Car. 11,2 behauptet, ist ebenso zweifelhaft wie die Authentizität von 2 Fr. eines Lehrgedichtes über den Vogelfang ( De aucipio) [11.…

(κορυνηφόροι, “Keulenträger”). [English version] [1] Leibwache des Peisistratos Leibwache, die dem Peisistratos zum Schutz vor angeblicher Bedrohung durch seine Gegner vom athenischen Volk gewährt wurde. Er nutzte sie, um die Akropolis zu besetzen (Hdt. 1,59). Solon habe das Streben nach der Tyrannis erkannt und sich als einziger gegen die Leibwache ausgesprochen ([Aristot.] Ath. pol. 14,2; Plut. Solon 30). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) [English version] [2] Leibwache des Tyrannen von Sikyon Nach später Überl. Leibwache des Tyrannen von Sikyon (Poll. 3,83; Steph. B…

[English version] [1] 280 n.Chr. zum Kaiser erhoben In Köln zusammen mit Proculus im J. 280 n.Chr. zum Kaiser erhoben, bald danach von Probus besiegt (Eutr. 9,17,1; Aur. Vict. Caes. 37,3; [Aur. Vict.] epit. Caes. 37,2). Seine vita in der Historia Augusta (Probus), ist weitgehend fiktiv, keine echten Münzen von ihm sind bekannt. PIR2 B 146; PLRE 1, 163 Nr.1. Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) [English version] [2] Consul 344 n.Chr. Flavius B. war im Jahre 344 n.Chr. Konsul, wurde aber nur im Westen anerkannt und ist hier auch nur bis April/Mai bezeugt. Nach [1] ist er jedo…

[English version] [1] 361 n. Chr. von heidnischer Volksmenge ermordeter Christ Praepositus monetae in Alexandria. Am 24.12.361 n.Chr. wurde er als Christ von der heidnischen Volksmenge ermordet, weil er einen Altar umgestürzt hatte (Amm. 22,11,9f.; Historia acephala 8). PLRE 1, 271 D. (1). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Antonius D. vicarius Africae 364-367 n. Chr. nur inschr. (ILS 758; 763 u.a.) und als Empfänger von Gesetzen (Cod. Theod. 11,7,9; 11,30,33) bezeugter vicarius Africae von 364-367 n.Chr. PLRE 1, 271f. D (3). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) …

[English version] [1] Neuplatoniker aus Kappadokien, Schüler des Iamblichos, 4. Jh. Neuplatoniker aus Kappadokien († vor 355 n. Chr.), Schüler des Iamblichos. Einzige Quelle: Eunapios, Vitae philosophorum et sophistarum. Nach dem Tode des Iamblichos übernahm er anscheinend dessen Schüler, zog sich dann nach Kappadokien zurück, um schließlich in Pergamon gemeinsam mit der Philosophin Sosipatra zu unterrichten. Da er sich selbst zu alt fühlte, übertrug er nach kurzer Zeit die philos. Ausbildung des künftigen Kaisers Julian s…

[English version] [1] Halbschwester Constantins des Gr. Halbschwester Constantins des Gr. und Gemahlin des Bassianus. Sie muß noch während der Gründung Constantinopels gelebt haben; die Thermae Anastasianae sind nach ihr benannt (Amm. 26,6,14). Ihr auf den Auferstehungsglauben verweisender Name gilt bisweilen als Indiz für die christl. Grundüberzeugung ihres Vaters Constantius (PLRE 1, 58, A.1). Bleckmann, Bruno (Straßburg) [English version] [2] Tochter des Kaisers Valens Tochter des Kaisers Valens. Sie und ihre Schwester Carosa sollen Schülerinnen des Nova…

[English version] [1] Verf. eines lat. Geschichtswerkes, um 370 Verfasser eines lat. Geschichtswerkes, das laut Widmung im Auftrag des Kaisers Valens entstanden ist. Aus dem Text ergibt sich, daß E. Teilnehmer am Perserfeldzug Iulians war (10,16,1). Die intitulatio einer Hs. bezeichnet ihn als magister memoriae. Fraglich ist, ob er mit einem der in anderen Quellen bezeugten Träger dieses Namens aus der 2. H. des 4. Jh. identisch ist: Möglicherweise war er 371/2 proconsul Asiae, 380-1 praef. praet. Illyrici und 387 consul posterior. Das in den Hss. breviarium genannte Geschichtsw…

[English version] [1] Aemilius Magnus, Rhet.-Professor und Advokat in Tolosa, 4. Jh. Aemilius Magnus, Sohn des Caecilius Argicius Arborius und der Aemilia Corinthia Maura und Onkel mütterlicherseits des Dichters D. Magnus Ausonius, auf dessen Ausbildung und Karriere er maßgeblichen Einfluß ausübte (Auson. 162, p. 30 f.; 206, p. 63 f.). Er wirkte als angesehener Rhet.-Professor und Advokat in Tolosa und den angrenzenden Prov. und schloß dabei wohl Freundschaft mit den Halbbrüdern Constantins I. Umstritten ist, ob er auch als praeses von Gallia Narbonensis fungierte (vgl.…

[German version] [1] C. Commodus, L. Cos. ord. 78 AD A native of Etruria; senator from the time of Nero; cos. ord. 78; governor of Syria from AD 78/79; married to Appia Severa (PIR2 C 603) [1. I 308; 2. 45 A. 22]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. Commodus, L. Cos. ord. 106 AD Son of [1]. Cos. ord. AD 106 (PIR2 C 604). Married to one Plautia, their son being C. [3]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] C. Commodus, L. = Aelius Caesar, L. Cos. ord. 136 AD Son of [2]. His maternal half-brother was M. Vettulenus Civica Barbarus [3. 845]. Born on 13 January in about AD 1…

[German version] [1] Senator in the time of Vespasian Senator attested in a fragmentary inscription from Arretium, CIL XI 1834 = ILS 1000. According to [1] based on AE 1967, 355, the name should be C. Petillius Q. f. Pom. Firmus. As tribunus of legio IV Flavia he took part in a campaign and then received dona militaria. He was quaestor Vespasiani and was honoured by the Senate with ornamenta praetoria. Perhaps a son of  Petillius Cerialis [2. 81ff.]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Bosworth, in: ZPE 39, 1980, 267ff. 2 T. Franke, Die Legionslegaten der röm. Armee ..., 1991. PIR2 F 159. …

Roman family name, probably related to Gabii (Schulze 532f.), widespread in Latium, and documented from the 3rd cent. BC; during the 2nd cent. BC, the family gained senatorial rank. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] G., A. People's tribune 139 BC Allegedly the grandson of a slave (Liv. Per. Oxyrhynch. 54; cf. Cic. Leg. 3,35), in 146 BC envoy to the Achaeans; as people's tribune he introduced the secret ballot with voting tablets ( tabellae) for the election of officials in 139 (1. lex tabellaria, Cic. loc. cit.; Lael. 41). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography M. Jehne, Ge…

[German version] [1] Trajan, Roman Emperor, AD 98-117 Roman emperor, AD 98-117. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] I. Career up to accession T. was probably born in 53, the son of the consular (of the same name), M. Ulpius [12] Traianus, and probably a certain Marcia, perhaps a daughter of Marcius [II 3] Barea. The family came from Italica in Hispania Baetica. Little is known of T.' senatorial career. He served as a tribunus [4] militum under his father in Syria (but certainly not for ten stipendia ('campaigns'), as alleged in Plin. Pan. 15,3). After his praetorship (before 84…

Röm. Familienname, wohl mit Gabii zusammenhängend (Schulze 532f.), in Latium verbreitet und seit dem 3. Jh. v.Chr. bezeugt; im 2. Jh. gelangte die Familie in den Senat. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] G., A. Volkstribun 139 v.Chr. Angeblich Enkel eines Sklaven (Liv. per. Oxyrhynch. 54; vgl. Cic. leg. 3,35), 146 v.Chr. Gesandter zu den Achaiern, führte als Volkstribun 139 die geheime Abstimmung bei Beamtenwahlen durch Stimmtäfelchen ( tabellae) ein (1. lex tabellaria, Cic. a.a.O; Lael. 41). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography M. Jehne, Geheime Abstimmun…

[English version] [1] Senator zur Zeit Verspasians Der Senator ist in einer fragmentarischen Inschrift aus Arretium bezeugt, CIL XI 1834 = ILS 1000. Nach [1], der sich auf AE 1967, 355 stützt, soll der Name C. Petillius C. f. Pom. Firmus lauten. Als tribunus der legio IV Flavia hat er an einem Feldzug teilgenommen und dann dona militaria erhalten. Er war quaestor Vespasiani und wurde vom Senat mit ornamenta praetoria ausgezeichnet. Vielleicht ein Sohn des Petillius Cerialis [2. 81ff.]. Eck, Werner (Köln) Bibliography PIR2 F 159. 1 Bosworth, in: ZPE 39, 1980, 267ff. 2 T. Franke, Die Leg…

[English version] [1] C. Commodus, L. Consul ord. 78 n.Chr. Aus Etrurien stammend, Senator seit neronischer Zeit; cos. ord. 78, Statthalter von Syrien ab 78/79 n.Chr.; verheiratet mit Appia Severa (PIR2 C 603) [1. I 308; 2. 45 A. 22]. Eck, Werner (Köln) [English version] [2] C. Commodus, L. Consul ord. 106 n.Chr. Sohn von [1]. Cos. ord. 106 n.Chr. (PIR2 C 604). Verheiratet mit einer Plautia, ihr Sohn war C. [3]. Eck, Werner (Köln) [English version] [3] C. Commodus, L. = Aelius Caesar, L. Consul ord. 136 n.Chr. Sohn von [2]. Sein Halbbruder über die Mutter war M. Vettulenus Civica B…

(Εὐάγριος; Euágrios) [German version] [1] Ponticus Christian writer and monastic leader Religious writer and monastic spiritual leader (AD 345-399). Born in the Pontic Ibora, he was a pupil of  Gregorius of Nazianzus; after periods spent in Constantinople (ordination to deacon) and Jerusalem, he stayed in the Egyptian anchorite community of Kellia (Nitrian desert) from 383 as a much sought-after spiritual advisor. Posthumously condemned as an Origenist (553 Council of Constantinople), his few extant works …

[German version] [1] Praefectus praetorio AD 222 or 223 Praefectus praetorio with (Geminius) Chrestus in AD 222 or 223. When upon the insistence of Julia Mamaea, Domitius  Ulpianus was put in charge by Severus Alexander as praetorian prefect, the guard mutinied, so Ulpianus had F. and Chrestus killed (Cass. Dio 80,2,2; Zos. 1,11,2). PIR2 F 180. Fuhrer, Therese (Zürich) [German version] [2] Virius Nicomachus F. Pagan, aristorcrat in Rome; friend of Symmachus Dominant figure of the non-Christian aristocracy in Rome in the last quarter of the 4th cent. AD. He had a clo…

(Προκόπιος/ Prokópios). [German version] [1] Usurper, AD 365-366 Usurper, AD 365-366 Usurper in AD 365-366. He was born in 326 in Corycus (Them. Or. 7,86c; cf. Amm. Marc. 26,9,11) and was a relative of the emperor Iulianus [11] (Amm. Marc. 23,3,2). In 358 he was a delegate to Persia with the rank of a tribunus (Amm. Marc. 17,14,3), later he held a high position at the schola notariorum (Amm. Marc. 26,6,1). During Julian’s Persian campaign, he commanded a division as a comes (Amm. Marc. 23,3,5). After Julian's death (363) he retired to private life (Zos.…

(Προκόπιος). [English version] [1] Usurpator 365-366 n. Chr. Usurpator 365-366 n. Chr. Er wurde 326 in Korykos geboren (Them. or. 7,86c; vgl. Amm. 26,9,11) und war ein Verwandter des Kaisers Iulianus [11] (Amm. 23,3,2). 358 war er im Range eines tribunus Gesandter in Persien (Amm. 17,14,3), später hatte er eine hohe Stellung in der schola notariorum (Amm. 26,6,1). Auf Iulianus' Perserfeldzug befehligte er als comes eine Abteilung (Amm. 23,3,5). Nach Iulianus' Tod (363) zog er sich ins Privatleben zurück (Zos. 4,4,3). Valentinianus I. un…

[English version] [1] Praefectus praetorio 222 oder 223 n. Chr. Praefectus praetorio mit (Geminius) Chrestus im Jahre 222 oder 223 n.Chr. Als ihnen auf Drängen der Iulia Mamaea Domitius Ulpianus von Severus Alexander als Praetorianerpraefekt übergeordnet wurde, meuterte die Garde, worauf Ulpianus F. und Chrestus töten ließ (Cass. Dio 80,2,2; Zos. 1,11,2). PIR2 F 180. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) [English version] [2] Virius Nicomachus F. heidnischer, stadtröm. Aristokrat; Freund des Symmachus Dominierende Gestalt der stadtröm. nichtchristl. Aristokratie im letzten Vier…

[German version] [1] Proclaimed emperor in AD 240 by the Carthaginians Was proclaimed emperor in AD 240 by the inhabitants of Carthage, but was shortly after defeated by the governor of Mauretania and delivered to Gordianus [3] III by his own followers (Zos. 1,17,1; SHA Gord. 23,4). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography Kienast 1, 197. [German version] [2] see Vettius Sabinianus See Vettius Sabinianus. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [3] Magister equitum per Orientem, 359-360 AD At a great age m agister equitum per Orientem in AD 359-360 under Constantius [2] II. Ac…

[German version] [1] One of the 30 tyrants Character invented by the author of   Historia Augusta ; one of the so-called 30 tyrants, supposedly usurper under Claudius Gothicus, he was killed after seven days. For vita, SHA Tyr. Trig. 31,12; 32,8-33,6. PIR2 C 656. Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) Bibliography K.-P. Johne, Kaiserbiographie und Senatsaristokratie, 1976, 122-28. [German version] [2] Caelius C., C. High official, 4th cent. AD High official of the time of  Constantinus the Great. He is known only from an inscription from Campania (ILS 1216), where the offi…

[German version] [1] Praefectus praetorio for Illyria, AD 356-360 Lawyer from Berytus. The recipient of many letters from  Libanius. From AD 356/7 until his death (360) he was praefectus praetorio for Illyria. Prior to that he was consularis Syriae (possibly 349), vicarius Asiae (352) and procos. urbis Constantinopolitanae (354). 355 he declined appointment to the position of praefectus urbi Romae (Lib. Ep. 391). He is perhaps identical with the agrarian writer Vindonius Anatolius. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Mag. utriusque mil. praesentalis, after AD 447 AD 433…

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Roman cognomen (“child desired by parents”), very widespread in the Imperial period; equally commonly a slave name. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Kajanto, Cognomina, 75; 77; 296 2 H. Solin, Die stadtrömische Sklavennamen, vol. 1, 1994, 110-111. [German version] [2] Flavius O. Imperial grammar teacher, 4th cent. AD Grammar teacher of the son of the emperor Licinius [II 4]. Allegedly, because of his wife's beauty he had great influence under Constantine [1] the Great and was appointed consul b…

[German version] [1] Official, 4th cent. AD Hailing from Cilicia, C. was educated in Antioch (Lib. Ep. 1399). He was a brother of  Alypius (Jul. Ep. 9-10). In AD 362-363, he was possibly vicarius Asiae (Lib. Ep. 764; 1384). After the death of  Iulianus, he became comes rerum privatarum (Cod. Theod. 10,1,8) and gained great influence at the court of Valens (Lib. Ep. 1449; 1456). As praef. urbis Constantinopolitanae, C. was taken prisoner by the usurper Procopius in 365 (Amm. Marc. 26,7,4; Zos. 4,6,2) and possibly executed (Them. Or.7,92c). He was the recipient of…

[German version] [1] Senior officer, 2nd half of the 4th cent. A senior officer during the 2nd half of the 4th cent. AD. From 356 to 358 as dux Aegypti he was ordered to proceed against the followers of Athanasius (Athan. Hist. Ar. 59-63; 72; cf. Lib. Ep. 318; 520). On 24 December358 he drove them from the churches (Historia acephala 2,4). From 363 to 378 he was comes rei militaris, in 363 took part in the Persian campaign of Iulianus [11] Apostata (Amm. Marc. 23,3,5), and in 368 in the operation of Valentinianus I against the Alamanni (Amm. Marc. 27,10,6). After …

[German version] [1-2] See Ap(p)uleius [I 10-11]. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) [German version] [3] Emperor for a short time, 3rd cent. Was elevated to emperor by the army at the time of Gallienus, but killed by the soldiers a short time afterwards because of his severity (SHA Tyr. Trig. 23; cf. SHA Firmus 11,1; SHA Gall. 9,1). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography Kienast 2, 230  PLRE 1, 805 no. 1. [German version] [4] Imperator Caesar C. Iulius S. Augustus of Moorish extraction, followed a military career (Zos. 1,66,1; SHA Quatt. tyr. 9,5; Zon. 12,29), until Aurelianus [3] appointed him dux l…