Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online

Get access Subject: Biblical Studies And Early Christianity
General Editors: David G. Hunter, Boston College, United States, Paul J.J. van Geest, Tilburg University, Netherlands, Bert Jan Lietaert Peerbolte, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands.

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 The Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity focuses on the history of early Christian texts, authors, ideas. Its content is intended to bridge the gap between the fields of New Testament studies and patristics, covering the whole period of early Christianity up to 600 CE. The BEEC aims to provide a critical review of the methods used in Early Christian Studies and to update the historiography.

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Early Christianity is a multi-faceted and complex phenomenon – if we can even refer to it as a single phenomenon at all. Since the publication of W. Bauer’s groundbreaking study Rechtgläubigkeit und Ketzerei im frühesten Christentum in 1934, the scholarly world has come increasingly to the conclusion that the variety of early Christian groups was not the result of the disintegration of a single, original form of Christianity over the course of several centuries but rather that variety has always been at the heart of what we call early Christianity.

The label “Christianity” is itself not unproblematic. Although the term naturally has a long history in the tradition of the Christian movement, its use, for example, to refer to 1st-century CE followers of Jesus is nevertheless an anachronism given that the term is first mentioned in the epistles of Ignatius of Antioch (Magn. 10.1, 3; Rom. 3.3; Phld. 6.1), dated to the early 2nd century CE. One can also question the appropriateness of its use for a number of groups that are currently seen as belonging to the extended family of early Christianity. Far from implying that “early Christianity” was a unified or monolithic movement, therefore, this encyclopedia uses the term as an umbrella covering a wide variety of historical phenomena.

In creating this Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity, the editors have made a number of decisions with regard to its subject matter, scope, and structure. The first choice made was to focus on the most significant topics concerning early Christianity: the most important authors, texts, ideas, and places that played a role in the history of the development of Christianity. While it is impossible to provide the user with a comprehensive survey of every detail in the growth of the Christian movement, an effort was made to cover the topics that would best provide the reader with a reliable map of the early Christian movement.

A second decision made was the time period to be covered. Any periodization is bound to be arbitrary to some extent, and thus prone to criticism. For the purposes of this encyclopedia, the editors decided that the end of the 6th century CE should be the cut-off point, as by that time Christianity was established as the Orthodox, Catholic Church in both the West as well as in the East. The formative debates on the nature of God and Christ had been more or less settled, and the biblical canon had been selected and approved by church councils. In the West, the demise of the Roman Empire had led to a new political constellation, and in the East, the rise of the Byzantine Empire ushered in a new era. Late antiquity may not have a clear beginning nor a well-defined end, but it is clear that the 6th century CE belongs to late antiquity and ushered in the start of the Middle Ages. These terms are also modern labels, of course, and also subject to debate. And yet the 6th century CE has the characteristics of a transitional age in the history of early Christianity and, as such, the editors decided to include it within the scope of the encyclopedia.

Early Christianity, in all its variety, did not originate in a vacuum. It started as an intra- Jewish reform movement in Palestine, led by Jesus of Nazareth. Within one generation after Jesus’ ministry it spread over large parts of the Roman Empire, reaching Rome even before Paul. As more and more non-Jews joined the movement, Greco-Roman customs and ideas also came to play an important role. For this reason, early Christianity is just as connected with the Greco-Roman context within which it grew as with its Jewish roots. However, notwithstanding these connections, the focus of the encyclopedia is early Christianity, and Jewish and Greco-Roman topics feature only where strictly relevant.

Two other choices were important for the scope and form of BEEC: the need to bridge the divide between the fields of New Testament studies and Patristics, and the history of scholarship of the entries.

The fields of New Testament studies and Patristics have, over the years, grown into two separate specializations, organized into two different disciplines with their own methodologies and scholarly traditions. This makes collaboration on a project such as this a sometimes complicated task. And yet, there is no logical reason to divide early Christianity into these two separate fields. For this encyclopedia, the period covered is seen as an organic whole in which a large number of developments took place that led to the formation of the Christian church as a recognizable entity, and to the formulation of the orthodox Christian creeds as guidelines for the faith tradition.

The second decision was to include in each entry some discussion of the modern history of scholarship. Often, this historiographical discussion is included as a separate paragraph; sometimes it is interwoven with the description of the topic of the entry. Our hope is that students of early Christianity who intend to research a particular subject will find their first information in BEEC, and will be able to proceed with their research on the basis of the information found here. The articles included in the BEEC are based on exhaustive research, using both primary and secondary sources. Wherever relevant, we also include an overview of the historiography of the subject of a particular entry. If the subject of an entry has been extensively studied in the past, its historiography is included in a separate paragraph. In all other cases, the historiography is referred to where necessary. In several cases, no historiography was required, as only one or two studies on the particular subject have been published.

The editors of BEEC hope that this encyclopedia will find its way into the libraries of universities, colleges, religious, and other institutions, as well as the studies of many individual scholars. The digital version of the encyclopedia will not require much space on the shelves of a library or study, and will be easy to access and search. May it prove to be a useful and inspiring tool for the study and further understanding of early Christianity.

The General Editors

David G. Hunter
Paul J.J. van Geest
Bert Jan Lietaert Peerbolte

General Editors:
David G. Hunter, Boston College, United States
Paul J.J. van Geest, Tilburg University, Netherlands
Bert Jan Lietaert Peerbolte, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Consultant Editor:
Angelo di Berardino, Augustinianum, Italy

Section Editors:
Juliette Day, University of Helsinki, Finland
Maria Doerfler, Yale University, United States
David Eastman, Ohio Wesleyan University, United States
Robin M. Jensen, University of Notre Dame, United States
Robert Kitchen, Sankt Ignatios Theological Academy, Sweden
Rebecca Krawiec, Canisius College, Buffalo, New York, United States
Jacob AbrahamLatham, University of Tennessee, United States
Outi Lehtipuu, University of Helsinki, Finland
Christoph Markschies, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
Bronwen Neil, Macquarie University, Australia
Karin Berber Neutel, University of Oslo, Norway
Geert van Oyen, University of Louvain, Belgium
Karla Pollmann, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
Joshua Schwartz, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
Kristina Sessa, Ohio State University, United States
Tarmo Toom, John Leland Center for Theological Studies & Georgetown University, United States

\
  • 'Messianism and Messianic Movements
  • 1 Clement
  • 1 Peter
  • 2 Clement
  • 2 Peter
  • Aba (Mar), c. 400 CE
  • Abbadon → Hades
  • Abbreviations in Journals and Series
  • Abbreviations in Lexicons.
  • Abbreviations in Primary Sources
  • Abdon and Sennen
  • Abelites
  • Abercius
  • Abgarids
  • Ablution
  • Abortion
  • Abraham
  • Abraham of Pbou
  • Abraham, Testament of
  • Abrasax
  • Abstinence → Fasting/Abstinence
  • Acacian Schism
  • Acacius of Constantinople
  • Acedia
  • Acheiropoietai
  • Achillas → Arianism
  • Acilius Glabrio
  • Acolyte
  • Acoumeti
  • Acta Pilati → Pilate, Acts of (Acta Pilati)
  • Acts, Book of
  • Ad Metalla (Damnatio)
  • Ad Novatianum
  • Ad Sanctos
  • Adam
  • Adam (Vita Adae et Evae)
  • Adam and Eve
  • Adam, Testament of
  • Adamantius → Origen
  • Adamites
  • Addai
  • Adeodatus → Augustine of Hippo
  • Adiabene
  • Adimantus
  • Adoption
  • Adoptionists
  • Adragatio → Adoption
  • Adrian
  • Adultery
  • Aelius Donatus
  • Aeon
  • Aetheria → Egeria (Aetheria)
  • Africa
  • Afterlife
  • Agape
  • Agatha
  • Agathangelos
  • Agathangelus of Rome
  • Age → Aeon
  • Agilulf
  • Agnes
  • Agnus Dei
  • Agrapha → Logia/Agrapha
  • Agraphon
  • Agrestius
  • Agrippa Castor
  • Agrippa II
  • Akathistos
  • Akoimeti → Acoumeti
  • Aksum (Axum)
  • Ala → Vision/Visionary Experience
  • Alaric I
  • Alexander I (Bishop of Rome)
  • Alexander I of Alexandria
  • Alexander of Aphrodisia
  • Alexander of Constantinople
  • Alexander of Jerusalem
  • Alexander Severus
  • Alexandria, 01: City
  • Alexandria, 02: School of
  • Alexandria, 03: Councils of
  • Alexandria, 04: Libraries of
  • Alexandrians, Epistle to the
  • Allegory
  • Allogenes, Book of
  • Alms/Almsgiving
  • Altar
  • Altar of Victory
  • Altercatio Heracliani
  • Alypius → Augustine of Hippo
  • Amandus
  • Amasea
  • Amastris
  • Ambrose (Disciple of Didymus)
  • Ambrose (Friend of Origen)
  • Ambrose of Milan
  • Ambrosian Liturgy
  • Ammianus Marcellinus
  • Ammon
  • Ammonius Saccas
  • Amphilochius
  • Amphipolis
  • Anacletus (Bishop of Rome)
  • Ananias and Sapphira
  • Anaphora
  • Anaphora Pilati
  • Anastasia Pharmacolitria
  • Anastasius (Emperor)
  • Anastasius of Thessalonica
  • Anatolius of Constantinople
  • Anazarbus
  • Anchorite
  • Ancyra
  • Andrew (Apostle)
  • Andrew of Samosata
  • Andrew, Acts of
  • Anemius
  • Angers
  • Anianus of Orléans
  • Anicetus
  • Anicia Juliana → Augustine of Hippo
  • Animals
  • Ankara → Ancyra
  • Annunciation → Mary
  • Anointing
  • Anomoeanism → Arianism
  • Anonymous Appolinarist/Apollinarian Forgeries
  • Anonymous Arians → Arianism
  • Anonymus Valesianus → Constantine I
  • Anthimus of Tyana → Basil of Caesarea
  • Anthony (Poet)
  • Anthropology
  • Anthropomorphism
  • Anti-Judaism
  • Antichrist
  • Antidicomarianites
  • Antioch of Caria, Synods of
  • Antioch, 01: City
  • Antioch, 02: Councils of (264–389 CE)
  • Antony the Great
  • Anulinus → Diocletian
  • Apatheia
  • Apelles
  • Aphrahat
  • Aphtartodocetism → Docetism
  • Apocalypse/Apocalypticism/Eschatology
  • Apocalypticism → Apocalypse/Apocalypticism/Eschatology
  • Apocrisarius
  • Apocriticus
  • Apocrypha → Bible, 03: Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha
  • Apocryphal Acts → Apostles, Apocryphal Acts of the
  • Apokatastasis
  • Apollinarian Forgeries → Anonymous Appolinarist/Apollinarian Forgeries
  • Apollinaris of Hierapolis
  • Apollinaris of Laodicea
  • Apollinaris of Valence
  • Apollonius of Tyana
  • Apologetics
  • Apologists → Apologetics
  • Aponius
  • Apopathic Theology → Negative Theology
  • Apophthegmata Patrum
  • Apostasy/Apostates
  • Apostle/Disciple
  • Apostles' Creed
  • Apostles, Apocryphal Acts of the
  • Apostles, Epistle of the
  • Apostolic Canons
  • Apostolic Church Order
  • Apostolic Constitutions
  • Apostolic Fathers
  • Apostolic History → Arator
  • Apostolic Succession → Apostolicity
  • Apostolic Tradition (Traditio Apostolica)
  • Apostolici → Encratism/Encratites
  • Apostolicity
  • Aquila → Bible, 05: Old Testament Translations
  • Arabic → Bible, 15: Arabic Versions
  • Arator
  • Arbogast
  • Archaeus
  • Archbishop
  • Archelaus, Acts of
  • Archimandrite
  • Archpriest
  • Arian Sermons
  • Arianism
  • Ariminian Churches in the Germanic Kingdoms
  • Aristeas, Letter of → Bible, 06: Septuagint/Old Greek
  • Aristides of Athens
  • Aristo of Pella
  • Aristotelianism
  • Arius → Arianism
  • Arles
  • Armageddon
  • Army → Military
  • Arnobius of Sicca
  • Arsenius → Desert Fathers
  • Arundel 404 (Liber de Infantia Salvatoris) → Christ, Jesus, 02: Birth and Infancy Narratives
  • Asarbus
  • Ascension of Jesus Christ
  • Asceticism
  • Ascitae
  • Asia, Central
  • Assembly/Meeting
  • Asterius the Sophist
  • Asterius Turcius Rufus
  • Astrology
  • Asylum
  • Asylum, Right of
  • Ataraxia
  • Athanasius of Alexandria
  • Atheism/Atheist
  • Athenagoras
  • Athens
  • Atonement
  • Atonement, Day of
  • Atticus
  • Attila
  • Audentius
  • Augustine of Hippo
  • Augustus
  • Aurelian → Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • Aurelius → Augustine of Hippo
  • Ausonius of Bordeaux
  • Auspicius of Toul
  • Autobiography
  • Auxentius of Milan
  • Axiopolis
  • Axum → Aksum (Axum)
  • Aërius
  • Aëtius, Flavius
  • Baetica
  • Balaam
  • Balai
  • Baleares
  • Baptism
  • Barbarians
  • Barbarus Scaligeri → Excerpta Latina Barbari
  • Barbelo
  • Barcelona
  • Bardaisan
  • Barnabas
  • Barnabas, Epistle of
  • Bartholomew (Apostle)
  • Bartholomew, Questions of
  • Basil of Caesarea
  • Basileiad
  • Basilides
  • Basiliscus
  • Bath/Mikveh
  • Beatitudes
  • Belisarius (Scholasticus)
  • Benedict I
  • Benedict of Nursia
  • Bethany
  • Bethlehem
  • Bethphage
  • Bethsaida
  • Bibiana
  • Bible, 01: Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
  • Bible, 02: New Testament
  • Bible, 03: Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha
  • Bible, 04: Formation of Canons
  • Bible, 05: Old Testament Translations
  • Bible, 06: Recentiores and Hexapla
  • Bible, 07: Peshitta
  • Bible, 08: Septuagint/Old Greek
  • Bible, 09: Targums
  • Bible, 10: Vulgate
  • Bible, 11: Armenian
  • Bible, 12: Georgian
  • Bible, 13: Coptic
  • Bible, 14: Arabic Versions
  • Bible, 15: Vetus Latina
  • Bible, 16: Diatessaron/Syriac
  • Bible, 17: and Christian Worship
  • Bible, 18: Vetus Syra
  • Biblical Interpretation
  • Biography
  • Birds
  • Bishop (Episcopos)
  • Bishops of Rome, Pre-Constantinian
  • Blandina
  • Blessing
  • Bnay/Bnat Qyama
  • Bodmer Papyri
  • Body
  • Boethius, Anicius Manlius
  • Boniface I
  • Boniface II
  • Bonosus
  • Book of Life
  • Book of Steps
  • Borboriani
  • Braga
  • Breviarum Hipponense
  • Bride of Christ
  • Brigid of Kildare
  • Burgundy
  • Byzantine Liturgy
  • Byzantium
  • Caecilian
  • Caesarea in Cappadocia
  • Caesarea in Palestine
  • Caesaropapism
  • Cairo Genizah
  • Calcidius
  • Calendar → Liturgical Year
  • Caligula → Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • Calixtus I → Bishops of Rome, Pre-Constantinian
  • Canaan
  • Candidus
  • Candidus the Arian → Arianism
  • Cannibalism, Accusation of
  • Canon Muratori
  • Canon Romanus
  • Canon Tables, Eusebian
  • Canons (of Councils)
  • Canons of Hippolytus
  • Canons, Formation of → Bible, 04: Formation of Canons
  • Capernaum
  • Cappadocians
  • Capreolus
  • Caracalla → Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • Carmen de Iona → Carmen de Sodoma/Carmen de Iona
  • Carmen de Sodoma/Carmen de Iona
  • Carpocrates
  • Carthage, 01: City
  • Carthage, 02: Councils
  • Carus → Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • Cassiodorus
  • Catacombs → Cemetery
  • Cataphrygians
  • Catechesis
  • Catechumen → Catechesis
  • Catenae
  • Cathedra
  • Celestius → Pelagius
  • Celibacy of Clergy
  • Celsus
  • Celtic Liturgy
  • Cemetery
  • Cerdo
  • Cerealis
  • Cerinthus
  • Chalcedon
  • Charism → Spiritual Gifts (Charismata)
  • Charm
  • Chastity → Celibacy
  • Cherubs
  • Chiliasm
  • China
  • Chorbishop
  • Christ, Jesus, 01: Introduction
  • Christ, Jesus, 02: Birth and Infancy Narratives
  • Christ, Jesus, 03: Descent into Hell
  • Christ, Jesus, 04: Genealogy of
  • Christ, Jesus, 06: Quests for the Historical
  • Christianity and Classical Culture
  • Christians and Jews, 01: Parting of the Ways
  • Christians and Jews, 02: Legislation
  • Christmas
  • Christology, 01: 1st–2nd Centuries CE
  • Christology, 02: 3rd Century CE
  • Christology, 03: 4th Century CE and Later
  • Chromatius of Aquileia
  • Chronograph of 354
  • Church and Empire
  • Church Authority
  • Church Buildings, 01: Survey and Development
  • Church Buildings, 02: Basilica and Baptistery
  • Church of Rome
  • Church Organization
  • Church Property
  • Churches of Lyons and Vienne, Letter of the
  • Circumcellions → Donatism/Donatists
  • Circumcision
  • Claudian
  • Claudius
  • Cleanthes
  • Clement I → Bishops of Rome, Pre-Constantinian
  • Clement of Alexandria
  • Clementine Literature, Pseudo-
  • Clergy
  • Clovis
  • Codex
  • Codex Justinianus
  • Codex Theodosianus
  • Coenobium/Coenobite → Monasticism, Eastern; Monasticism, Western
  • Collatio Alexandri et Dindimi
  • Collatio cum Donatistis
  • Collatio Legum
  • Collects
  • Columba of Iona
  • Columbanus
  • Comfort
  • Comma Johanneum
  • Community Letters
  • Complaint
  • Confession → Penitence/Penance
  • Conon
  • Conon of Bidana
  • Conscience, Freedom of
  • Consentius → Augustine of Hippo
  • Constans II → Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • Constantia (Flavia Iulia Constantia)
  • Constantine I
  • Constantine II
  • Constantinople, 01: Council of (359/360 CE)
  • Constantinople, 02: First Council of (Second Ecumenical; 381 CE)
  • Constantinople, 03: Second Council of (Fifth Ecumenical Council; 553 CE)
  • Constantius I
  • Constantius II
  • Constantius III
  • Constitutions of Hippolytus
  • Continentes
  • Contra Origenem de Visione Isaiae
  • Corinth
  • Corinthians, Third Epistle to the
  • Cornelius (Bishop of Rome)
  • Cornelius (Centurion)
  • Corsica
  • Cosmas and Damian
  • Cosmos/Cosmology in Second Temple Judaism and the New Testament
  • Cosmos/Cosmology in the Greek Philosophical Tradition
  • Councils/Synods
  • Creation
  • Creation (Double)
  • Creator → Creation
  • Creeds
  • Cresconius
  • Crispina
  • Crispinus and Crispinianus
  • Cross/Crucifixion
  • Cryptography
  • Cubicularius
  • Cyprian of Carthage
  • Cyprus
  • Cyril of Jerusalem
  • Cyrillona
  • Córdoba
  • Dadisho‘ I
  • Dalmatia
  • Damasus (Bishop of Rome)
  • Daniel
  • David
  • De bono pudicitiae
  • De excidio Hierosolymitano
  • De gentibus Indiae et Bragmanibus
  • De recta in Deum fide
  • Deacon/Deaconess
  • Dead Sea Scrolls
  • Dead, Care for the
  • Dead, Cult of the
  • Dead, Realm of the
  • Death
  • Decalogue → Law/Decalogue/Torah
  • Decapolis
  • Decius
  • Decretum Gelasianum
  • Dedication
  • Dedication, Council of the
  • Deer
  • Delphinus of Bordeaux
  • Demetrian of Antioch
  • Demetrias
  • Demiurge → Gnosis/Gnosticism
  • Demonology/Demons
  • Dendritae
  • Deo laudes
  • Deogratias
  • Deportation/Exile
  • Depositio episcoporum
  • Depositio martyrum
  • Desert Fathers
  • Devil
  • Dexter
  • Diakonia
  • Dialogue
  • Diaspora
  • Diatessaron → Bible, 17: Diatessaron/Syriac
  • Diatribe
  • Dictinius → Augustine of Hippo
  • Didache
  • Didascalia Apostolorum
  • Didaskaleion
  • Didaskalos
  • Diocletian
  • Diodore of Tarsus
  • Diognetus, Epistle to
  • Dionysius Exiguus
  • Diptych
  • Disability
  • Disciple → Apostle/Disciple
  • Disciplina arcani
  • Divination
  • Divorce
  • Docetism
  • Doctrina Apostolorum
  • Domitilla
  • Donatism/Donatists
  • Donatus the Great
  • Dormition and Assumption Apocrypha
  • Dorotheus of Gaza
  • Dream
  • Dumium
  • Dura-Europos
  • Early Christian Churches of the Holy Land
  • Easter
  • Easter, Biblical Reports → Resurrection of Jesus Christ
  • Ebionites, Gospel of the
  • Ebionites/Ebionitism
  • Ecclesiology
  • Edessa
  • Edict of Claudius
  • Egeria (Aetheria)
  • Egypt
  • Egyptians, Gospel of the (Greek)
  • Egyptians, Gospel of the (Nag Hammadi)
  • Elagabalus → Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • Elchasaites
  • Elements (Stoicheia)
  • Eleusinian Mysteries
  • Eleutherius → Bishops of Rome, Pre-Constantinian
  • Elijah
  • Eliogabalus → Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • Elpidius → Jerome
  • Emeritus → Donatism/Donatists
  • Emilia
  • Emotion
  • Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • Encratism/Encratites
  • Energeia
  • Enhypostasis
  • Ennodius
  • Ephebeia
  • Ephesus
  • Ephesus, First Ecumenical Council
  • Ephrem the Syrian
  • Epictetus
  • Epicurus/Epicureans
  • Epiphanius of Salamis
  • Epiphany
  • Episcopos → Bishop (Episcopos)
  • Eschatology → Apocalypse/Apocalypticism/Eschatology
  • Essenes
  • Etimasia/Hetoimasia
  • Eucharist
  • Eucherius of Lyon
  • Euchites → Messalians/Euchites
  • Eudocia
  • Eudoxius of Antioch
  • Eugenius
  • Eugenius of Ancyra
  • Eugenius of Carthage
  • Eugippius
  • Eugnostos the Blessed
  • Eulalius → Boniface I
  • Eunomianism
  • Eunomius of Cyzicus
  • Euphemia and the Goth
  • Euphemia of Chalcedon
  • Eusebians
  • Eusebius of Alexandria
  • Eusebius of Caesarea (Cappadocia)
  • Eusebius of Caesarea (Palestine)
  • Eusebius of Vercelli
  • Eustochium
  • Eutyches
  • Evagrius of Antioch
  • Evagrius of Pontus
  • Evagrius the Monk
  • Evaristus → Bishops of Rome, Pre-Constantinian
  • Evil
  • Excerpta Latina Barbari
  • Excommunication
  • Exile → Deportation/Exile
  • Exorcism/Exorcist → Demonology/Demons
  • Expiation → Sin/Sinfulness
  • Ezana
  • Ezekiel
  • Faith, 01: New Testament
  • Faith, 02: Apologists
  • Faithfulness
  • Fall
  • Fan
  • Fastidius → Pelagians/Pelagianism
  • Fasting/Abstinence
  • Faustinus
  • Faustus (Manichean) → Augustine of Hippo
  • Faustus of Riez
  • Fear → Emotion
  • Felicissimus of Carthage → Augustine of Hippo
  • Felicity
  • Felix (Manichean) → Augustine of Hippo
  • Felix I → Bishops of Rome, Pre-Constantinian
  • Festal Letters
  • Festivals → Christmas; Easter; Festal Letters; Liturgical Year; Pentecost
  • Festus
  • Fight → Spiritual Warfare
  • Fire
  • Firmicus Maternus
  • Firmilian of Caesarea
  • First Thought, Three Forms of (Trimorphic Protennoia)
  • Fish
  • Flavianus
  • Flavius Clemens
  • Flavius Josephus
  • Foolishness
  • Forgery
  • Forgiveness of Sins
  • Fortuna
  • Fortunatian of Sicca Veneria → Augustine of Hippo
  • Fortunatianus of Aquileia
  • Fortunatus of Carthage → Augustine of Hippo
  • Fortunatus the Manichean → Augustine of Hippo
  • Forty Martyrs of Sebaste
  • Franks
  • Friendship
  • Fructuosus of Braga
  • Frumentius
  • Fulfillment
  • Fulgentius of Ruspe
  • Fulgentius → Donatism/Donatists
  • Funeral
  • Gaius
  • Galatia
  • Galen
  • Galerius (Emperor)
  • Galicia
  • Galilee
  • Galla Placidia
  • Gallican Liturgy
  • Gallienus
  • Gamaliel
  • Gangra
  • Garden → Ecclesiology
  • Gaudentius of Brescia
  • Gaudentius the Donatist → Augustine of Hippo
  • Gaul
  • Gehenna
  • Gelasius I (Bishop of Rome)
  • Gender
  • General abbreviations
  • Gennadius of Marseilles
  • Gennesareth
  • Genovefa (Genevieve) of Paris
  • George, Bishop of the Arabs
  • Georgia
  • Gerizim → Palestine
  • Gerontius
  • Gervasius and Protasius
  • Gesta martyrum
  • Gildas the Wise
  • Gildo → Augustine of Hippo
  • Glossolalia
  • Gnomologia
  • Gnosis/Gnosticism
  • Gnosis/Knowledge
  • God, Doctrine of
  • God, Knowledge of
  • Gog/Magog
  • Golgotha
  • Gordius
  • Goths
  • Great Invisible Spirit, Holy Book of the
  • Gregory of Nazianzus
  • Gregory of Nyssa
  • Gregory of Tours
  • Gregory Thaumaturgus
  • Gregory the Great
  • Guilt → Forgiveness of Sins
  • Hades
  • Hadrian’s Rescript
  • Hagiography
  • Halakhah
  • Hebrew Bible Translations → Bible: 5. Hebrew Bible Translations
  • Hebrew Bible → Bible, 01: Old Testament/Hebrew Bible
  • Hebrews, Epistle to the
  • Hegesippus
  • Hegesippus, Pseudo- → De excidio Hierosolymitano
  • Helen → Constantine I
  • Helena Augusta
  • Hell → Hades
  • Hellenism and Christianity
  • Helvidius
  • Heraclius of Hippo → Augustine of Hippo
  • Heresy
  • Hermas, Shepherd of
  • Hermenegild
  • Hermeneutics → Biblical Interpretation
  • Hermes Trismegistus
  • Hermetism
  • Hermogenes
  • Herod
  • Herodians
  • Hexaemeron
  • Hexapla → Bible, 07: Recentiores and Hexapla
  • Hieronymus → Jerome
  • Hilarion → Desert Fathers
  • Hilary of Arles
  • Hilary of Poitiers
  • Hippo
  • Hippolytus → Bishops of Rome, Pre-Constantinian
  • Historia monachorum
  • Holiness
  • Holy Spirit
  • Holy Week → Easter
  • Homily → Sermon/Homiletics
  • Honoratus Antoninus
  • Hosanna → Anaphora
  • Hospitality
  • Humility
  • Huns
  • Hymnography (Greek)
  • Hymnography (Latin)
  • Hypostasis/Hypostatic Union
  • Iamblichus of Chalcis
  • Ibas of Edessa
  • Iberia of the Caucasus
  • Iconoclasm
  • Iconology/Icons/Iconicity
  • Iginus → Bishops of Rome, Pre-Constantinian
  • Ignatians, Pseudo-
  • Ignatius of Antioch → Ignatius, Epistles of
  • Ignatius, Epistles of
  • Immortality
  • Imperial Cult → Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • Incarnation
  • Incense
  • Infancy Gospels → Christ, Jesus, 02: Birth and Infancy Narratives
  • Initiation → Baptism
  • Innocent I (Bishop of Rome)
  • Intercession → Prayer
  • Ioca monachorum
  • Ireland
  • Irenaeus of Lyon
  • Isaiah, 01: Iconography
  • Isaiah, 02: In the New Testament
  • Isaiah, 03: In the Fathers
  • Isaiah, Ascension of
  • Isauria
  • Isidore of Pelusium
  • Isidore of Seville
  • Isidore the Gnostic → Basilides
  • Israel
  • Italy, 01: Origins
  • Italy, 02: Diffusion of Christianity
  • Italy, 03: Archaeology
  • Jacob of Serugh
  • Jaffa → Joppa (Jaffa)
  • Jairus
  • James the Great
  • James the Less
  • James, Apocryphal Letter of → James, Secret Book of
  • James, Epistle of
  • James, First Apocalypse of
  • James, Protevangelium of → Protevangelium Jacobi
  • James, Revelation of → James, First Apocalypse of; James, Second Apocalypse of
  • James, Second Apocalypse of
  • James, Secret Book of
  • Jerome
  • Jerusalem
  • Jesus Christ → Christ, Jesus, 01: Survey
  • Jews → Judaism
  • John Arkaph
  • John Cassian
  • John Chrysostom
  • John Chrysostom, Pseudo → John Chrysostom
  • John Mark
  • John of Lycopolis → Desert Fathers
  • John the Baptist
  • John, Acts of
  • John, Epistles of
  • John, Gospel of
  • John, Revelation of → Revelation, Book of
  • John, Secret Revelation of
  • Jonah
  • Joppa (Jaffa)
  • Joseph of Arimathea on Demas, Narrative of
  • Jovian → Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • Jovinian
  • Judaea → Palestine
  • Judaeo-Hellenism
  • Judaism
  • Judaizers
  • Judas Thaddaeus
  • Judas, Gospel of
  • Jude, Epistle of
  • Judgment → Eschatology
  • Judgment, Biblical Concept
  • Julian of Eclanum
  • Julian Romance
  • Julian the Apostate
  • Justice → Righteousness/Justice/Justification
  • Justification → Righteousness/Justice/Justification
  • Justin II
  • Justin Martyr
  • Justin → Justinian
  • Justin, Acts of
  • Justin, Pseudo-
  • Justina of Padua
  • Justinian (Emperor)
  • Juvencus
  • King/Kingdom
  • Kingdom of God
  • Kiss
  • Knowledge, Interpretation of
  • Kyrie Eleison
  • Labor
  • Lactantius
  • Lamb of God → Agnus Dei
  • Laodicea, Councils of
  • Laodiceans, Epistle to the
  • Lapsi → Apostasy/Apostates
  • Latrocinium → Ephesus
  • Laurentian Schism
  • Law/Decalogue/Torah
  • Lawrence
  • Lazarus
  • Lectio divina
  • Lectionary → Bible, 18: and Christian Worship
  • Legal Traditions (Christian)
  • Lent
  • Leo I (Bishop of Rome)
  • Leo II → Donatism/Donatists
  • Leontius
  • Letter → Epistle
  • Liar → Lying
  • Libelli pacis (libellatici)
  • Liber diurnus
  • Liber graduum → Book of Steps
  • Liber monstrorum de diversis generibus
  • Liber orationum psalmographus
  • Liber pontificalis
  • Liberius (Bishop of Rome)
  • Libya
  • Licinius → Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • Life, Tree of
  • Linus → Bishops of Rome, Pre-Constantinian
  • Liturgical Language
  • Liturgical Year
  • Logia/Agrapha
  • Lord
  • Lord's Day → Sunday
  • Lord, Day of the (Judgment)
  • Lord’s Prayer
  • Love (Biblical Concept)
  • Love → Agape; Love (Biblical Concept)
  • Lucifer → Devil
  • Luciferians
  • Lucius I → Bishops of Rome, Pre-Constantinian
  • Lucius of Alexandria → Arianism
  • Lucius Verus → Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • Luke, Gospel of
  • Lying
  • Lérins
  • Macarius of Alexandria (the Younger) → Desert Fathers
  • Macarius of Egypt (the Great) → Desert Fathers
  • Maccabees
  • Macedonius (Macedonians) → Pneumatomachi
  • Macedonius (Vicarius Africae)
  • Macrina, the Elder and the Younger
  • Macrobius → Donatism/Donatists
  • Magic
  • Magistri probabile → Vincent of Lérins
  • Magnificat
  • Maiorinus → Donatism/Donatists
  • Mandaeans/Mandaeism
  • Mani/Manichaeism
  • Manumissio in ecclesia
  • Maranatha
  • Marcella
  • Marcellina
  • Marcellinus → Luciferians
  • Marcellus of Ancyra
  • Marcian
  • Marcion/Marcionites/Marcionism
  • Marcrina, the Elder and the Younger
  • Marculus
  • Marcus Aurelius → Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • Marcus Gnosticus/Marcosians
  • Marius Claudius Victorius
  • Marius Victorinus
  • Mark, Gospel of
  • Marriage
  • Marseilles
  • Martin of Braga
  • Martin of Tours
  • Martyrium Polycarpi (Martyrdom of Polycarp)
  • Martyrologium Hieronymianum
  • Martyrs
  • Martyrs, Acts of the
  • Mary
  • Mary, Gospel of
  • Masculinity
  • Masona of Mérida
  • Mathematici → Astrology
  • Matthew, Gospel of
  • Matthew, Pseudo-
  • Mauricius
  • Maxentius (Emperor)
  • Maximian (Donatist) → Augustine of Hippo
  • Maximian (Emperor) → Diocletian
  • Maximinus Daia → Diocletian
  • Maximinus Thrax
  • Medicine and Health Care
  • Melania Junior
  • Melania Senior
  • Melchizedek/Melchizedekians
  • Melito of Sardis
  • Memnon of Ephesus
  • Mensa
  • Mensurius → Donatism/Donatists
  • Merobaudes
  • Merovingian Councils → Councils/Synods
  • Mesrop (Mashtoc‘)
  • Messalians/Euchites
  • Messiah → Christ, Jesus, 01: Survey
  • Messianism/Messianic Movements
  • Metropolitan
  • Miaphysites/Miaphysitism
  • Micah
  • Middle Platonism
  • Midrash
  • Mikveh → Bath/Mikveh
  • Milan
  • Milevis
  • Military
  • Militia
  • Millenarianism → Chiliasm
  • Minucius Felix
  • Miracles
  • Mission
  • Mithras/Cult of Mithras
  • Modalism
  • Monarchianism
  • Monarchians
  • Monastery → Asceticism; Monastic Rules; Monasticism, Egptian; Monasticism, Palestinian
  • Monastery, Double
  • Monastic Prayer
  • Monastic Rules
  • Monasticism, Egyptian
  • Monasticism, Palestinian
  • Monica → Augustine of Hippo
  • Monophysites/Monophysitism → Miaphysites/Miaphysitism
  • Monotheism
  • Montanism/Montanists
  • Montanus, Lucius, and Companions
  • Mopsuestia, Council of
  • Mors Pilati
  • Mosaic
  • Moses
  • Moses the Black → Desert Fathers
  • Mourning
  • Muirchú
  • Music
  • Mystagogy
  • Mystery Cults
  • Naassenes → Ophites/Naassenes
  • Nag Hammadi Writings
  • Name, Divine
  • Narsai
  • Navigius → Augustine of Hippo
  • Nazarenes, Gospel of the
  • Nazarenes, Sect of
  • Nazareth
  • Nazirite
  • Nazoreans → Nazarenes, Sect of
  • Nebridius → Augustine of Hippo
  • Necromantics/Necromancy
  • Negative Theology
  • Nemesius of Emesa
  • Neo-Pythagoreanism
  • Neocaesarea
  • Neonicaeanism
  • Neoplatonism
  • Nero → Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • New Testament → Bible: 2. New Testament
  • Nicaea, First Council of
  • Nicodemus
  • Nicodemus, Gospel of → Pilate, Acts of
  • Nicolaitans
  • Nimbus
  • Nomina sacra
  • Nonna → Gregory of Nazianzus
  • Norea, Thought of
  • Nous
  • Novatian
  • Novatianists → Novatian
  • Numenius of Apamea
  • Numidia
  • Nîmes, Council of
  • Oath
  • Odilia
  • Offering → Forgiveness of Sins
  • Offices → Bishop (Episcopos)
  • Ogdoas
  • Old Syriac
  • Old Testament → Bible, 01: Hebrew Bible
  • Olympias
  • Onesimos
  • Ophites/Naassenes
  • Optatus of Milevis
  • Optatus of Thamugadi
  • Oracles
  • Orange
  • Orans
  • Ordination
  • Origen
  • Origenism/Origenist Controversy
  • Original Sin → Sin
  • Orosius
  • Orosius → Pelagians/Pelagianism
  • Orpheus
  • Orthodoxy
  • Ousia
  • Oxyrhynchus Papyri
  • Pachomius of Tabennese
  • Pacianus
  • Pagan/Paganism
  • Paideia
  • Palestine
  • Pammachius
  • Pancras
  • Panthera
  • Papacy → Church of Rome; Pope/Father
  • Papal Schism
  • Papias of Hierapolis
  • Parable
  • Paraclete
  • Paradise
  • Paradosis Pilati
  • Parmenian → Augustine of Hippo
  • Parousia
  • Parrhesia
  • Pascentius
  • Passio Martyrum Scillitanorum
  • Passion of Perpetua and Felicity
  • Passover
  • Patrick
  • Patripassians
  • Patrology/Patristics
  • Paul (Apostle)
  • Paul and Thecla, Acts of
  • Paul of Mérida
  • Paul of Samosata
  • Paul, 1 Corinthians
  • Paul, 1 Thessalonians
  • Paul, 1 Timothy → Paul, Pastoral Epistles
  • Paul, 2 Corinthians
  • Paul, 2 Thessalonians
  • Paul, 2 Timothy → Paul, Pastoral Epistles
  • Paul, Acts of
  • Paul, Apocalypse of
  • Paul, Colossians
  • Paul, Ephesians
  • Paul, Galatians
  • Paul, Life of (Vita Pauli)
  • Paul, Pastoral Epistles
  • Paul, Philemon
  • Paul, Philippians
  • Paul, Prayer of the Apostle
  • Paul, Revelation of (Nag Hammadi)
  • Paul, Romans
  • Paula
  • Paulinianus → Jerome
  • Paulinus of Nola
  • Paulinus of Pella
  • Pelagia
  • Pelagians/Pelagianism
  • Pelagius
  • Pelagius I
  • Pella, Flight to
  • Penitence/Penance
  • Pentecost
  • Perfect Discourse, Excerpt from the
  • Perichōrēsis
  • Persecution of Christians
  • Persona
  • Pesah → Passover
  • Peshitta → Bible, 08: Peshitta
  • Peter (Apostle)
  • Peter (Patriarch of Jerusalem)
  • Peter and the Twelve Apostles, Acts of
  • Peter Chrysologus
  • Peter to Philip, Letter of
  • Peter, Acts of
  • Peter, Apocalypse of
  • Peter, Gospel of
  • Peter, Revelation of → Peter, Apocalypse of
  • Petilian → Augustine of Hippo
  • Pharisees → Judaism; Sabbath/Sabbatical Year
  • Philip (Apostle)
  • Philip, Gospel of
  • Philippi
  • Philo of Alexandria
  • Philosophical Opposition to Early Christianity
  • Philosophy
  • Philostorgius
  • Philoxenos of Mabbug
  • Phoenix
  • Photinus of Sirmium
  • Phronesis
  • Physiologus
  • Phōs Hilaron
  • Pilate Cycle 
  • Pilate to Claudius, Letter of
  • Pilate to Herod, Letters of
  • Pilate to Tiberius, Letters of
  • Pilate, Acts of (Acta Pilati)
  • Pilate, Pontius
  • Pimenius
  • Pisidia
  • Pistis Sophia
  • Pius I → Bishops of Rome, Pre-Constantinian
  • Pleroma
  • Pneumatomachi
  • Poemen → Desert Fathers
  • Polemon (Polemios)
  • Politics → Church and Empire
  • Pollentius → Augustine of Hippo
  • Polycarp of Smyrna
  • Polygamy → Marriage
  • Pomerius, Julianus
  • Pontianus
  • Pontifex Maximus
  • Pontius Pilate → Pilate, Pontius
  • Pope/Father
  • Porphyry of Tyre
  • Possidius of Calama
  • Potamius of Lisbon
  • Poverty → Wealth
  • Praxedis → Pudens/Pudentiana/Praxedis
  • Prayer
  • Predestination, Doctrine of
  • Priest/Presbyter
  • Priesthood of Believers
  • Priscillian of Avila
  • Priscillianism
  • Proba → Augustine of Hippo
  • Processions
  • Procopius of Caesarea
  • Prophecy/Prophet
  • Protevangelium Jacobi
  • Protology
  • Proverbia Graecorum
  • Providence
  • Pseudepigrapha → Bible, 03: Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha
  • Pseudepigraphy
  • Ptolemy
  • Pudens/Pudentiana/Praxedis
  • Pudentiana → Pudens/Pudentiana/Praxedis
  • Pulcheria
  • Q (Quelle)/Two Source Hypothesis
  • Quadratus
  • Quartodecimans → Melito of Sardis
  • Quercia, Council of
  • Quintus Aurelius Memmius Symmachus
  • Quirinius
  • Qumran Community
  • Quodvultdeus of Carthage
  • Rabbi
  • Rabbula of Edessa
  • Rapture
  • Ravenna
  • Recapitulation
  • Recentiores → Bible: 7. Recentiores and Hexapla
  • Redemption
  • Refrigerium
  • Regula → Creeds
  • Relics
  • Remembrance and Commemoration
  • Renunciation → Celibacy
  • Resurrection (General)
  • Resurrection of Jesus Christ
  • Resurrection, Treatise on
  • Revelation
  • Revelation, Book of
  • Rhetoric
  • Riez, Council of
  • Righteousness/Justice/Justification
  • Rimini, Council of
  • Robber Synod (Latrocinium) → Ephesus
  • Rogatus → Augustine of Hippo
  • Romanianus → Augustine of Hippo
  • Romanos the Melodist
  • Rome
  • Rufinus of Aquileia
  • Rumulus Augustulus → Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • Ruricius of Limoges
  • Sabbath/Sabbatical Year
  • Sabellians/Sabellianism
  • Sacramentaries
  • Sacramentarium Gelasianum
  • Sacramentum
  • Sacrifice
  • Sadducees → Judaism
  • Saint Catherine's Monastery
  • Salvation → Forgiveness of Sins; Fulfillment; Redemption; Righteousness/ Justice/Justification; Soteriology; Theōsis
  • Samaria/Samaritans → Palestine
  • Samson
  • Sanctus
  • Saragossa/Zaragossa
  • Sarcophagi, Christian
  • Sardica
  • Sarepta (Zarephath)
  • Satan → Devil
  • Savior, Dialogue of the
  • Scala Coeli
  • Scapula
  • Schism/Schismatics
  • School, Difference Christianity and Pagan Schools
  • Scillitani (Scillitan Martyrs) → Passio Martyrum Scillitanorum
  • Scribes
  • Scrolls → Writing Materials
  • Sebastian
  • Sect → Heresy
  • Secundinus → Augustine of Hippo
  • Sedulius
  • Seneca, Correspondence of Paul and
  • Septimius Severus → Emperor/Imperial Cult
  • Septuagint → Bible, 06: Septuagint/Old Greek
  • Sermon on the Mount
  • Sermon/Homiletics
  • Servatius of Tongres and Maastricht
  • Service → Diakonia
  • Seth, Second Discourse of the Great
  • Seth, Three Steles of
  • Sethians
  • Severus of Antioch
  • Seville, Councils of
  • Sextus, Sentences of
  • Sexuality
  • Shechem → Palestine
  • Shem, Paraphrase of
  • Shenouda the Archimandrite → Desert Fathers
  • Shenoute of Atripe
  • Sheol → Hades
  • Shepherd, The Good
  • Sibylline Oracles → Oracles
  • Sidonius Apollinaris
  • Silvanus of Cirta → Augustine of Hippo
  • Simeon Stylites
  • Simon (Apostle) → Peter (Apostle)
  • Simon Magus
  • Simplician of Milan
  • Sin
  • Sinai
  • Singer(s)
  • Siricius (Bishop of Rome)
  • Sirmium
  • Sixtus I → Bishops of Rome, Pre-Constantinian
  • Slave/Slavery
  • Smyrna
  • Socrates
  • Socrates Scholasticus
  • Solomon, Odes of
  • Son of Man
  • Son(s) of God
  • Sophronius → Jerome
  • Soteriology
  • Soul
  • Sozomen
  • Spain
  • Spirits → Demonology/Demons
  • Spiritual Gifts (Charismata)
  • Spiritual Warfare
  • Sponsa Christi → Bride of Christ
  • State → Church and Empire
  • Statuta ecclesiae antiqua
  • Stephen I → Bishops of Rome, Pre-Constantinian
  • Stephen the Martyr
  • Stilicho
  • Stoicism and the Fathers
  • Stylite/Stylitism
  • Subordinatianists
  • Suetonius
  • Suicide
  • Sulpicius Severus
  • Sunday
  • Superstition
  • Syagrius
  • Sylvester I (Bishop of Rome)
  • Symmachan Forgeries → Symmachus (Bishop of Rome)
  • Symmachians
  • Symmachus (Bishop of Rome)
  • Symmachus Aurelius Anicius
  • Synagogue
  • Syncletica
  • Syncretism
  • Synesius of Cyrene
  • Synod of the Oak → John Chrysostom
  • Synods → Councils/Synods
  • Tabernacle
  • Tabitha
  • Tacitus
  • Talmud
  • Tannaim
  • Targums → Bible, 09: Targums
  • Tarraconensis
  • Tarsus
  • Tatian
  • Te Deum
  • Teacher → Didaskalos
  • Tefillin → Tzitzit/Tefillin
  • Temple, Jerusalem
  • Tertullian
  • Testamentum Domini
  • Thamugadi
  • Theatre
  • Thecla
  • Theodore of Heraclea
  • Theodore of Mopsuestia
  • Theodore of Raith
  • Theodoret of Cyrrhus
  • Theodoric the Great
  • Theodosius I 
  • Theodotion
  • Theopaschites
  • Theophilus of Alexandria
  • Theotokos → Mary
  • Theōsis
  • Thomas (Apostle)
  • Thomas Christians
  • Thomas the Contender, Book of
  • Thomas, Acts of
  • Thomas, Apocalypse of
  • Thomas, Gospel of
  • Thomas, Infancy Gospel of → Christ, Jesus, 02: Birth and Infancy Narratives
  • Tiberius
  • Tiberius to Pilate, Letters of → Pilate and Tiberius, Letters of
  • Timotheus of Beirut
  • Tithing
  • Titulus
  • Titus
  • Toledo
  • Tome to Flavian of Constantinople → Leo I (Bishop of Rome)
  • Tonsure
  • Torah → Law/Decalogue/Torah
  • Tosefta
  • Toulouse
  • Tours
  • Trade
  • Traditio Apostolica → Apostolic Tradition (Traditio Apostolica)
  • Tradition
  • Traditor
  • Traducianism
  • Trajan
  • Transcendence
  • Translatio imperii
  • Trinity
  • Tripartite Tractate
  • Tritheism
  • Truth
  • Truth, Gospel of
  • Truth, Testimony of
  • Turin, Council of
  • Two Ways Doctrine
  • Two-Source Hypothesis → Q (Quelle)/Two-Source Hypothesis
  • Tyconius
  • Tzitzit/Tefillin
  • Urbanus → Bishops of Rome, Pre-Constantinian
  • Ursinus → Damasus (Bishop of Rome)
  • Usury
  • Vaison
  • Valens
  • Valentinian Exposition
  • Valentinians
  • Valentinus
  • Valentinus the Gnostic
  • Vandals
  • Vannes
  • Vatican
  • Velatio
  • Venantius Fortunatus
  • Verona Sacramentary
  • Vespasian
  • Vetus Latina → Bible, 10: Vetus Latina
  • Vetus Syra → Bible, 16: Vetus Syra
  • Victor I → Bishops of Rome, Pre-Constantinian; Melito of Sardis
  • Victor of Cartenna → Augustine of Hippo
  • Victor of Vita
  • Victorinus of Petovium (Pettau)
  • Vigilius (Bishop of Rome)
  • Vincent of Lérins
  • Vindicta Salvatoris
  • Virga
  • Virgil
  • Virgin/Virginity
  • Vision/Visionary Experience
  • Vita Adae et Evae → Adam (Vita Adae et Evae)
  • Vita Antonii → Antony the Great
  • Vita Pauli → Life of Paul
  • Volusianus → Augustine of Hippo
  • Vulgate → Bible, 11: Vulgate
  • Water, in the Bible
  • Wealth
  • Wedding
  • White Monastery Federation
  • Widow/Widower
  • Wisdom
  • Wisdom of Jesus Christ
  • Witness
  • Word
  • Works of Relief and Charity
  • World, On the Origin of the
  • Writing Materials
  • Wulfila
  • Zacchaeus
  • Zaragosa → Saragossa/Zaragosa 
  • Zarepath → Sarepta (Zarephath)
  • Zealots
  • Zion
  • Zosimus (Bishop of Rome)
  • Zosimus (Historian)