Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World

Published in Casablanca from 1945 to 1952 in French, Noʿar (Heb. Youth) replaced the prewar pro-Zionist L’Avenir Illustré as the organ of the new generation of young local Zionists. The initiative to publish Noʿar came from the Charles Netter youth movement, whose leaders—Alfonso Sabah, Daniel Levy, and Maurice Timsit—were committed to communal work and belonged to the religious conservative camp of Zionism. From 1945 to July 1948, Noʿar served as the youth movement’s bulletin, calling for local social reforms, teaching Jewish and Zionist values, and reporting …

Houda Ezra Ebrahim Noono (Ar. Hudā ʿIzrā Ibrāhīm Nūnū), born September 7, 1964, is a Bahraini diplomat and civic leader. In July 2008, King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa (Ḥamad bin ʿĪsā Āl Khalīfa) appointed her Bahrain’s ambassador to the United States. As such, she became the first Jewish ambassador of any Arab country. She is also the first female Bahraini ambassador to the United States, and only the third female Bahraini ambassador to any country. In 2006, the king  appointed Noono to Bahrain’s Shura Council, the upper house of the National Assembly, where she ser…

see MaghrebNorman A. Stillman

Ntifa (Ar. Nṭīfa) refers to a tribal confederation in the High Atlas Mountains whose settlement region extends south of Tadla, bordering Aït ʿAtab, Aït Msad, and Azilal on the east, Beni Mousa on the north, Sraghna on the west, and Tanant on the south. For most of the year, and apart from the cultivated lands near locally scattered springs and Oued El ʿAbid, the neighboring High Atlas plains of Bzou and Foum Jemâa are dry and barren. The geographic and climatic nature of the region explains its appellation of Ntifa (Mor. Ar. nṭaf connotes reaping herbs or plants by hand). Bzou and Foum Jemâa w…