A. General, Terminology
The term Judaism is derived from the Hebrew Yehuda (cf. the tribal name Juda, Juda and Israel), whose etymology is not entirely certain. It denotes not only the Jewish religion, but also - and quite particularly so - the ethnic belonging to the Jewish people, which is not unproblematical from our modern view, as well as the people's entire cultural, political and philosophical milieu, in Ancient Israel and in the Diaspora. A gener…