I. Judaism – II. Christianity – III. Islam
I. Judaism
Talmudic tradition includes several examples of disputations between Jewish scholars and pagan philosophers or Roman emperors, dealing mainly with the questions of divine unity, the creation and the role of Israel (b. Sanh. 91a–b; 'Abod. Zar. 10a–11a, etc.). Disputations with representatives of Islam and, especially, of the Christian religion became a central subject in the historical and apologetical literature (Apologetics: II; Nizzahon) of Jews…