I. Old Testament – II. Early Judaism – III. New Testament – IV. Dogmatics
I. Old Testament
Before the Exile, the Jerusalem priesthood was headed by a primus inter pares – called either הַכֹּהֵן/hakkohen (“the priest,” e.g. 1 Kgs 4:2; 2 Kgs 11:9; 12:8*) or כֹּהֵן הָרֹש/kohen hāroš (“chief priest,” cf. 2 Kgs 25:18 par. Jer. 52:24) –, but not by a high priest. The term הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדֹל/hakkohen haggādol (“high priest”) is securely ¶ attested only after the Exile; it emphasizes the…