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1. History. Russian religious philosophy has its roots in the 18th century, and its golden age after the Napoleonic period, with the full awakening of national consciousness and the contest between the philosophy of the groups who drew inspiration from the West, and that of the Slavophiles, who founded a philosophy corresponding to the national and religious traditions of Russia. The Occidentalists, at first religious — like Chaadayev, and Belinsky, Herzen and Bakunin in their youth — turned away…

A. Notion In the term Eastern Churches, the geographical reference derives from the world-view of antiquity, and means the Eastern part of the Roman empire. Like the sun, the gospel comes from the East, from Palestine. “You shall be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.” (Acts 1:8.) The first Churches were founded in Jerusalem and from there Churches were founded in Samaria, Antioch, Cyprus, Asia Minor, Greece, Crete, Syria, Persia, Egypt, Armenia, …