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[German Version] (Jan 1517, Naples – May 7, 1586, Geneva), count of Vico and nephew of Carafa (Paul IV), came into contact with reformation ideas in the circle around J. de Valdés and especially through his encounter with Peter Martyr Vermigli. In 1551, Caracciolo fled to Geneva, where he was instrumental in the establishment of the Italian refugee community. After 1559, he participated in the politics of the republic as a member of parliament, earning universal regard. Calvin, whose friendship Caracciolo enjoyed, dedicated his commentary on 1 Corinthians to him. Emidio Campi Bibliogra…

[German Version] (1510, Ferrara – Oct 9, 1580, Sedan), who was born to a Jewish family, studied at Padua, where he converted to Christianity in 1540 in the house of R. Pole. In Lucca he experienced a conversion to Protestantism in the circle of Peter Martyr Vermigli’s followers. In 1542 he fled the Inquisition and taught Hebrew at Strasbourg. From 1548 to 1553 he served as professor of Old Testament at Cambridge. His stay in England ended when the Catholic Mary Stuart of Scotland came to the thron…

[German Version] (Jun 6, 1576, Geneva – Oct 3, 1649, Geneva). From an old family of the city of Lucca who had settled in Geneva in 1567 for religious reasons, Diodati was the youngest professor in the Academy of ¶ Geneva, first of Hebrew (1597–1606) and later of theology (1599–1645). He participated in a failed attempt to introduce the Reformation in Venice and maintained contact in person and in correspondence with P. Sarpi. He represented…

[German Version] (1503, Cirie, Piemont – 1569) accepted Reformation ideas in the course of his study of literature and jurisprudence at the University of Turin. His critique of traditional religion brought him into increasing conflict with the church authorities. In 1536, he was called as professor to the University of Pavia, but was already dismissed three years later under ¶ pressure from the Inquisition. He moved to Venice, Ferrara and Lucca, and enjoyed a friendship with Peter Martyr Vermigli and H. Zanchius until he had to flee …

[German Version] (c. 1506, Noyon, Picardy –1538, Italy), French Reformed theologian; his family was related to Calvin. After studying in Orléans and Strasbourg under M. Bucer and W. Capito, Olivétan worked in 1531/1532 as preceptor in Geneva and Neuchâtel, then went as a teacher to the Waldenses in the high valleys of Piedmont. At the suggestion of G. Farel, and commissioned by the Waldenses, he made the first Reformed translation of the Bible into French (Bible translations: II, 2.a.α). Its first edition appeared in June 1535 in Neuchâtel, and with numerous revisions the…

[German Version] (Zürich Theological School). In the older literature called the Prophezei, the theological school at the former Zürich Großmünsterstift (Zürich) underwent various transformations during the 16th century. It was rooted in the biblical-exegetical working group that went back to Zwingli and which – in accordance with his understanding of 1 Cor 14:29 – was called Prophecey in the church order of 1535 [CR 91, 701]. From it grew the lectorium lecture system, which was built on the existing Latin school; this “upper school” (Schola Tigurina) was the prec…

[German Version] (Sep 20, 1495, Palermo – Dec 30, 1543, Verona). Before he became bishop of Verona in 1524, as secretary and adviser to Clement VII, he supported the pope's anti-Habsburg policy and pushed him to forge an alliance with Franz I. After the Sacco di Roma (1527) and the collapse of the policy he proposed, he withdrew to his diocese. Associated with personalities such as Cajetan of Tiene, G. Contarini, R. Pole and J. Sadoleto, he enacted reforms that made him the most important reform bishop before C. Borromeo. He strengthened ep…

[German Version] (Feb 16, 1692, Lucca – Sep 27, 1769, Lucca), regular cleric of the Congregatio Matris Dei. He first taught moral theology in Naples, and was then theological adviser to Archbishop Colloredo in Lucca, where he founded an academy for church history and liturgy. In 1765 he became archbishop of Lucca. His learning and keen collector's zeal, but also his lack of critical sense and independent judgment, are attested by the range and breadth of his activity as editor and translator (including ed. with comm. of C. Baronius's Annales ecclesiastici, 38 vols., 1738–1759; Lat. t…

[German Version] (1498, Capodistria, Istria – Oct 4, 1565, Tübingen). After studying law at Padua, Vergerio entered the service of the papacy. In 1553 he was appointed nuncio in Vienna; in Germany in 1535, as a legate of Paul III he urged the convocation of a general council. In May of 1536 he was appointed bishop of Modruš and soon afterwards bishop of Capodistria. His advocacy of a general council at the Colloquy of Worms (1540; Disputations, Religious: I, 4.b) and innovations in his diocese ope…

[German Version] (Huldrych, Huldreich; Jan 1, 1484, Willdhaus Oct 11, 1531, near Kappel am Albis) I. Life and Works 1. Youth and education. Despite much work, we have only fragmentary knowledge of Zwingli’s biography prior to 1518, when he was appointed a stipendiary ¶ priest at the Great Minster in Zürich (Switzerland). As the third child of Ulrich Zwingli, a prosperous mountain farmer, and his wife Margaretha ( née Bruggmann), in 1489 he came under the care of his uncle Bartholomäus Zwingli, a cleric in Weesen, on the Wallensee, where he attended the local sch…

[German Version] (Jul 18, 1504, Bremgarten– Sep 17, 1575, Zürich), a follower of Zwingli in Zürich and a Reformer of European significance. He studied from 1519 to 1522 at the University of Cologne, where he earned the degree of Magister Artium. Through the influence of humanistic teachers, the study of the church fathers, and the reading of the works of Erasm…

[German Version] (c. 1500 – Jan 5, 1527, Zürich), alongside K. Grebel and Jörg Blaurock (c. 1492–1529) a leading figure among the Zürich Anabaptists. Manz, the son of a Grossmünster canon, received a Humanistic education. Early on he joined the circle of reform-minded clergy and laity that gathered around Zwingli. By the fall of 1523, a noticeable rift had opened between the Reformer and his colleagues Grebel and Manz over questions of church discipline. The breach came when they concentrated thei…

[German Version] (1526, Ferrara – Oct 26, 1555, Heidelberg), Humanist and poet. Under the tutelage of her father, who was sympathetic to Calvinism, and during her studies at the d'Este court (1540–1548), she acquired a supreme mastery of Latin and Greek language and literature. In 1550 she married Andreas Grundler, a Schweinfurt physician who received his doctorate at Ferrara, and she returned to Schweinfurt with him. There she conducted a voluminous correspondence, admired by J.W. v. Goethe, amon…

[German Version] (Faber; 1478, Leutkirch im Allgäu – Aug 21, 1541, Vienna). Although his birth name was Heigerlein (or Heugerlein), in 1525 as the son of a smith he followed humanistic custom by adding the name Faber or (filius) Fabri. He earned his Doctor of Laws in Freiburg im Breisgau in 1510/11, was an admirer of Erasmus and an advocate of inner church reform, albeit of reform from the top down and only in stages. In 1513 he became the highest episcopal official in Basel and in 1514 a priest i…

[English Version] 1.? Alfonso de (ca.1500 Cuenca – 6.10.1532 Wien). Seit mindestens 1520 Sekretär in der Kanzlei Kaiser Karls V., dessen Politik er ab 1525 publizistisch vertrat. Anwesend bei den Reichstagen in Worms 1521 und Augsburg 1530, wo er u.a. mit Melanchthon verhandelte. Heinz Scheible Bibliography J.C. Nieto (EncR 4, 1996, 212) E. Wenneker (BBKL 12, 1997, 1035–1037) K. Ganzer (LThK 3 10, 2001, 511). 2. Juan de (1509? Cuenca – August 1541 Neapel), Bruder von 1., span. Humanist und Theologe. Ab 1526 studierte er an der Universität von Alcalá, wo die …