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Claudian (Claudius Claudianus), circa 370–404 CE, probably a native of Greek-speaking Alexandria, came to Italy as a young man no later than 394 CE, where he first gained access to the Christian Anicii family (in Rome), and then to the court of Honorius, the Christian ruler of the western Roman Empire (first in Milan and from 402 CE in Ravenna), to hold the rank of tribunus et notarius (“tribune and imperial secretary”).Claudian composed an impressive series of longer Latin poems in dactylic hexameters ( carmina maiora; some have prefaces in elegiac distichs): a mythological ep…

Carmen de Sodoma (167 dactylic hexameters) and Carmen de Iona (105 dactylic hexameters) are two thematically related narrative poems that fall outside the canon of the biblical epic in late antiquity and appear in the manuscript tradition as works of Tertullian or of Cyprian of Carthage, although neither can be regarded as their true author for a variety of reasons, not least due to considerations of style (Peiper, 1891, xxviii). There is a good deal of uncertainty as to the poems' original titles…

Bollandus, Johannes; fläm. Hagiograph. Geb. am 13. 8. 1596 in Julémont, gest. am 13. 9. 1665 in Antwerpen. 1612 in Mecheln Eintritt in die Societas Jesu; sechs Jahre Lehre der Humaniora an verschiedenen Jesuitenkollegs; 1630 vom Orden mit der Herausgabe der griech. und lat. Heiligenviten beauftragt. Werk und Wirkung B.s Lebenswerk bezieht sich auf die Verehrung der Heiligen, die im Zuge der Reformation in die Kritik geraten war. Es galt darzulegen, dass der Heiligenkult auf verlässlichen Dokumenten beruhe und durch die Tradition gestützt s…

Saumaise, Claude; franz. Philologe. Geb. am 15. 4. 1588 in Sémur-en-Auxois (Burgund), gest. am 3. 9. 1653 in Spa (Belgien). 1604–1606 Studium der Philosophie in Paris, ab 1606 der Jurisprudenz und der Philologie in Heidelberg; nach der 1610 erfolgten Rückkehr nach Burgund längere Zeit Privatgelehrter; 1632 als Nachfolger von Joseph Justus Scaliger Prof. in Leiden; 1650/51 auf Einladung Königin Christinas am schwed. Hof; 1651 Rückkehr nach Leiden. Werk und Wirkung S. hatte bedeutende Lehrmeister, in Paris Joseph Justus Scaliger und Isaac Casaubonus, in Heidelberg…

Saumaise, Claude; French philologist. Born 15. 4. 1588 in Sémur-en-Auxois (Burgundy), died Spa (Spanish Netherlands) 3. 9. 1653. 1604–1606 studied philosophy in Paris, then from 1606 jurisprudence and philology at Heidelberg. Return to Burgundy in 1610 and long period as a private scholar. 1632 appointed to succeed Joseph Justus Scaliger as prof. at Leiden; 1650/51 at the Swedish court on the invitation of Queen Christina; 1651 return to Leiden. Work and influence S. had important teachers in Joseph Justus Scaliger, Isaac Casaubonus (Paris) and Dionysius Gothofredus…

Bollandus, Johannes; Flemish hagiographer. Born 13. 8. 1596 in Julémont, died 13. 9. 1665 in Antwerp. Entered the Societas Jesu in 1612 at Mechelen; six years’ teaching humanities at various Jesuit schools. Commissioned by the Society to publish the Greek and Latin saints’ lives in 1630. Work and influence B.’s life’s work was devoted to the veneration of the saints, which had become controversial in the course of the Reformation. There was a need to demonstrate that the cult of the saints was based on reliable documents and supported by a tra…