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1. BegriffDie Ph. (von griech. phármakon, »Heilmittel«) ist eine angewandte Wissenschaft, die gemeinsam mit anderen Disziplinen Arzneimittel zum Gegenstand hat, wobei deren Herkunft, Beschaffenheit, Darstellung, Verarbeitung, Metabolismus und Prüfung ebenso untersucht werden wie ihre Produktion, Zirkulation und Konsumtion [2. 1281]. Bereits vor der Entstehung des Apothekerberufs und der Apotheke – seit dem 8. Jh. im arab. Kulturkreis und seit dem 13. Jh. in Europa (zur nzl. Sozialgeschichte des Apothekers vgl. Apotheke) – gab es pharmazeutische (= pharm.) Schr…

1. ConceptPharmacy (from Greek phármakon, “remedy”) is an applied science that – along with other disciplines – deals with medicines. It involves the study of their origins, qualities, presentation, processing, metabolism, and testing, as well as their production, circulation, and consumption [2. 1281]. Pharmaceutical writings predate the emergence of the profession of apothecary and the apothecary’s shop (in the 8th century in the Arab world and the 13th century in Europe). Most were written by physicians, but some by lay writers,…

[German Version] (Nov 20, 1736, Lauban, Silesia [today Lubań, Poland] – Nov 11, 1792, Leipzig), son of a choirmaster and Gymnasium teacher in the Upper Lusatian town of Lauban. He began his university studies at Leipzig in 1754, receiving his master's degree in 1760. In 1768 he was appointed associate professor and in 1771 professor of Greek and Latin; in this position he edited many editions of the classics. In 1782 he succeeded J.A. Ernesti as professor of theology. He based his lectures on Ernesti's New Testament hermeneutics, which he built on with the distinction between sensus and sign…

[German Version] (Aug 4, 1707, Tennstädt – Sep 11, 1781, Leipzig) was considered by his contemporaries an enlightened philologist, theologian, and pedagogue, a second “Praeceptor Germaniae” (J.S. Semler). He was the son of the superintendent of Tennstädt, pupil of the prince's school in Pforta, and student in Wittenberg and Leipzig. At first co-rector, after 1734, he was the rector of the Thomas School in Leipzig, where he wrote the Initia doctrinae solidioris addressed to C. Wolff as well as various school regulation…